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Socials10 > WW2 Definitions Ch4 > Flashcards

WW2 Definitions Ch4 Flashcards

1
Q

totalitarianism

A
  • used to describe dictatorship

- dictators controlled their populations (could seize power and strictly control the populations under rule)

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2
Q

benito mussolini

A
  • formed political party called fascisti (facist)
  • threatened to overthrow italian gov during march on rome 1922 when unable to achieve election victory
  • formed blackshirts (quasi-military group) as his political goons (26,000 men)
  • demanded italian gov be handed over to him
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3
Q

weimar republic

A
  • new democratic german government
  • formed by new leaders after kaiser (former german leader) gave up power on nov 9 1918
  • thought it would help germans in peacemaking process and that it would please the americans to want a more lenient settlement regarding germany
  • sacrificed democracy after 14 years
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4
Q

inflation

A

-economic condition when currency of a country becomes less and less valuable

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5
Q

adolf hitler

A
  • political party nazi’s leader
  • tried to overthrow german gov during inflation crisis
  • gained popularity by promising he would destroy democracy and stated that germans would never be victims of such events again
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6
Q

nazi

A
  • german name for the german socialist workers party

- shortened version (first word) of “nationalsozialistische deutsche arbeiterpartei”

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7
Q

anti-semitism

A
  • to dislike or even hate jewish people

- (blamed for germany’s difficulties)

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8
Q

scapegoat

A
  • someone blamed or punished for the errors of others

- (jews were germany’s scapegoat)

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9
Q

enabling act

A
  • made hitler all powerful

- brought an end to democracy in germany and beginning of totalitarianism

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10
Q

night of the long knives

A
  • june 1934
  • hitler had about 1000 people murdered
  • victims were enemies of the state by the nazis
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11
Q

nuremberg laws

A
  • package of laws between 1933-1939 that outlines hitlers harsh and unjust measures against the jews
  • passed without resistance and supposed to warn world about hitlers intentions but worked to reinforce anti-semitism
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12
Q

kristallnacht

A
  • name of infamous event on nov 9, 1938 nazis encouraged germans toattack jews
  • jewish shops attacked, windows smashed, jews were publicy beaten, many imprisoned for no reason
  • literally translates as “crystal night” referred as “night of broken glass”
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13
Q

gestapo

A
  • german secret police

- could do anything as long as hitlers believed they were serving the state

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14
Q

joseph stalin

A
  • gained complete control of soviet union in 1928
  • shaped country with his vision of communism
  • was a totaliratian dictator
  • wanted to modernize the economy of the soviet union
  • feared foreign country invasion
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15
Q

five year plans

A
  • introduced by stalin to achieve his goal of ensured industrialization
  • was stalins attempt to completely take control of all aspects of economy
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16
Q

the great terror

A
  • introduced by stalin during era of 1930s

- anyone who was considered an enemy of stalin’s goal would be executed

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17
Q

appeasement

A

-occurs when a certain country becomes aggressive and other countries give the aggressor what it wants to prevent a war

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18
Q

nazi-soviet non-agression pact

A
  • signed august 23, 1939
  • hitler approached stalin to make pact
  • (deal where both countries would promised not to attack each other and divide poland between them)
  • in reality it was made to gain/stall time
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19
Q

blitzkrieg

A
  • used by nazis
  • “lightning war”
  • attacks led by airplanes by knocking key enemy positions which were followed by tanks and motorized infantry attacks
  • attacking forces would sweep past enemy and close in from behind trapping the enemy
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20
Q

conscription

A

-compulsory military service

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21
Q

phony war

A
  • october 1939-april 1940
  • people expected germamy to attack western europe but it didnt due to weather and indecision
  • allied soldiers waited for the attack
  • period where there was little fighting
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22
Q

evacuation of dunkirk

A
  • 1940
  • collapse of belgium, british and french troops retreated to french beaches of dunkirk on english channel (became trapped)
  • 900 ships arrived to rescue 340,000 soldiers
  • represented moral victory for allies-saved best british forces
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23
Q

battle of britain

A
  • summer of 1940

- british royal airforce (raf) and german luftwaffle (air force) fought in airspace over britain

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24
Q

radar and sonar

A
  • radar: similar to method called echolocation (locate things with great accuracy like blind bats) -uses radio waves to detect locations of things allowing britain to detect german bombers and fighter squadrons from far away
  • sonar: works in water using sound. sound waves travel through water and bounce off enemy submarines alerting allies of their presence
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25
Q

the blitz

A

-hitler abandoned assault on raf airfields and orderd daylight bombing raids on london

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26
Q

dieppe

A
  • august 1942
  • about 5000 can soldiers landed in dieppe (coast of france)
  • objective to take beach and town of dieppe back from germans
27
Q

scorched earth policy

A
  • used by stalin against nazis when german troops smashed into soviet union
  • soviet union (red army) destroyed everything as they retreated so nazis would have nothing to use
28
Q

battle of el alamein

A
  • battle of control of egypt
  • (230 kilomaters west of cairo, egypt capital city)
  • victory for british (oct 1942) was turning point for the war:first time allies defeated forces of facist countries
29
Q

battle of the atlantic

A
  • longest campaign of WW2

- atlantic fought for control of shipping lanes between north america and britain

30
Q

corvettes

A

-warships provided by royal canadian navy for protection against german uboats (convoy system)

31
Q

royal canadian navy

A

-consisted of 13 ships and about 3000 sailors, expanded to 370 ships and almost 100,000 personnel after WW2

32
Q

battle of stalingrad

A
  • soviet union lauched attack on germans to prove they could fight through the winter
  • sept 1942-jan 1943
  • soviets won victory by capturing/killing all of german troops/army that were in the region
  • stalin proved that german war maching could be defeated and germans suffered defeat after defeat after
33
Q

italian campaign

A
  • 1943 germans defeated in north africa and retreating from eastern front
  • allies wanted to eliminate germans plans before the reinvastion of western front
  • allies planned to take island of sicily just off coast of mainland italy
34
Q

operation overlord

A
  • 1944
  • allied invasions of german-held europe
  • allies planned to use naval and aerial bombardment to knock out german defences
35
Q

juno beach

A
  • target assigned to can forces
  • beachfront code-name
  • consist of eight km of coastline
  • one of five such targets at normandy
36
Q

v-e day

A
  • may 8 1945
  • victory in europe
  • announced when last of german troops surrendered
37
Q

pearl harbour

A
  • december 7, 1941
  • japanese launched surprise attack on american naval base in pearl harbour hawai’i
  • attack intended to give jap naval control of pacific in preparation of future attacks
38
Q

prisoner of war (pow)

A
  • japanese camps that held can soldiers who were captured after surrendering to hong kong
  • treated very harshly and many died (267 can)
39
Q

battle of midway

A
  • june 1942
  • turning point in pacific theatre -jap victories over
  • jap preparing to conquer northwest hawai’i islands
  • plan intercepted by americans
40
Q

island hopping

A

-american strategy to select and take key islands about 400 miles (640km) apart instead of targeting every single island

41
Q

the manhattan project

A
  • since march 1943

- US secret expensive funded project to determine the possiblity of creating an atomic bomb

42
Q

hiroshima

A
  • city that was the target of the first atomic bomb

- little boy dropped aug 6 1945

43
Q

nagasaki

A
  • city that was the target of the second atomic bomb

- fat man dropped aug 9 1945

44
Q

v-j day

A
  • victory in japan
  • august 14, 1945, jap gov sued for peace
  • WW2 over
45
Q

war supply board

A
  • created to show gov commitment to war production
  • managed by C.D. Howe
  • goal was to organize canadian industry towards the singular purpose of supplying the front
46
Q

hyde park declaration

A
  • stated that US would buy more raw materials from canada and would supply canada with american parts for weapons production
  • issued bc cananda was worried allied countries would no longer buy from canada after lend lease act 1941 was introduced
47
Q

propaganda

A
  • term used to describe information that is spread for the purpose of promoting a particular cause
  • stetches the truth in a heavily biased way on the cause side
48
Q

british commonwealth air training plan

A
  • developed by canada in 1939

- created facilities in canada to train pilots an dother crew members from CW countries

49
Q

camp x

A
  • special spy training facility located outside of oshawa ontario
  • opened few days after bombing of pearl harbour
  • can, br, and am, spies trained here -trained 500 agents to work around the world
50
Q

national resource mobilization act

A
  • implemented by king 1940

- required all men to help with war effort but not to serve overseas

51
Q

enemy aliens

A
  • canadians whose ancestry was one of the enemy countries

- labelled bc can feared they were spies, or might commit acts of sabotage

52
Q

operation oblivion

A
  • planned as a dangeroud, top secret infiltration on jap soil
  • chinese canadians enlisted to perform sabotage but were not allowed to return
  • given cyanide pill to help with suicide
  • last minute mission was cancelled for reason unknown
  • soldiers sent to borneo alive
53
Q

internment camps

A

-camps in remote areas where members would do labour work

54
Q

custodian of aliens act

A
  • law passed in 1943 by canadian gov

- allowed possessions of jap can to be sold without their permission

55
Q

holocaust

A
  • comes from greek words holos (whole) kaustos (burnt)

- used to describe hitlers massive attempt to exterminate all the jewish people in europe during WW2

56
Q

st louis incident

A
  • ocean liner st louis presented oppurtunity for many that it was their last of hope of escape
  • ship take jewish refugees from germany to cuba where they wait for their quota number before entering the US
57
Q

ghettos

A
  • designated areas in city where jews were compelled to live

- 1939, 80,000 jew forced to live in ghettos

58
Q

final solution

A
  • 1941, hitlers obsession with complete annihilation of jewish race became horrible reality
  • hitler ordered all jews in nazi occupied europe be gathered and sent to extermination camps and be killed in a group in gas chambers
59
Q

genocide

A

-systematic extermination of a religious or racial groups

60
Q

auschwitz

A
  • dealth camp located in modern day poland

- 1mil+ killed by nazis

61
Q

nuremberg trials

A

-war crime court at nuremberg set up by allies in 1946 for the nazis

62
Q

tehran conference

A
  • held in iran capital city
  • first time big three (roosevelt, churchill, and stalin) met
  • cordial relations established
63
Q

yalta conference

A
  • held in south of soviet union on crimean peninsula

- made number of decisions regarding germany’s future

64
Q

potsdam conference

A
  • held near berlin
  • former war allies were to make decisions reagarding future of germany and europe
  • supposed to be peace conference planning session but all trust from during the war was gone
  • conference was a setting of the stage for next war (cold war)

Socials10 (18 decks)

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