Cold War & Canada in Post War World Definitions-Ch5 Flashcards
1
Q
United Nations (UN)
A
- created april 1945 by 50 countries; included canada led by britain, soviet union, united states
- met in san francisco
- was to maintain peace as well as ensuring social and economic progress remained the basic goals
- had four goals:
1. keep world peace and prevent new wars
2. encourage cooperation among nations
3. defend human rights/promote equality
4. improve standard living for all nations
2
Q
General Assembly
A
- represented all UN members
- empowered to discuss and make recommendations on any matter likely to affect world peace
- forum for discussion, supervising special agencies, conrolling the budget
3
Q
Security Council
A
- responsible for maintaining world peace;has power to force the members of the UN to carry out its decisions
- consist of 5 victors of the war as permanent members
- -permanent members are: chine, france, united kingdom, soviet union, and united states
- –also consist of 10 other elected members who serve for 2 year terms
- 1948, canada elected to hold seat in UN security council and since then has often served in non permanent capacity
4
Q
Secretariat
A
- chief administrative officer of the UN is the secretary general
- made up of thousands of clerks, interpreters, translators, and technical experts
5
Q
international court of justice
A
- located in the hague (netherlands)
- known as world court
- makes rulings on disputes submitted by members if the members have agreed to abide by its rulings
- gives legal advice to assembly and security council
6
Q
bipolar war
A
- two poles or extremities
- emerged after WW2
- no longer group of 5 or 6 great powers;two new superpowers: United States and Soviet Union
7
Q
cold war
A
- ideological struggle (conflict of political issues) between the United states and soviet union
- fought using espionage, propaganda, and economic and political pressures
- two superpowers did not face each other in combat
- fight for power and influence on a global scale
- characterized by fear of nuclear war;race to build nuclear weapons
8
Q
policy of containment
A
- american strategy to contain communism, preventing it from streading to other countries
- americans tried to win non-aligned countries over to their camp-soviets did the same
- containing or halting the spread of communism by providing economic aid and military support to people threatened by communism
9
Q
domino theory
A
- fuelled idea of containment
- americans fears that one one cocuntry was pulled into the communist camp, then all surrounding countries would be soon to follow
10
Q
satellite states
A
- new concept of cold war
- six countries controlled by the soviet union
- -Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia
- –were absolutely controlled by the soviet union
11
Q
iron curtain
A
- 1946 in response of satellite states, winston churchill declared that an iron curtain had fallen across europe dividing communist and non-communist states
- metaphorically and literally
- soviet domination strong as iron;literal iron fence separating east from west
12
Q
truman doctrine
A
- 1947 declared by united states
- policy to support free peoples around the world who were resisting subjugation, particular people living in countries threatened by communism
- first step of developing american policy of containment
13
Q
marshall plan
A
later 1947, furthered developed plan by US
-offered billions of dollars in aid to war-torn european economies to help them resist the advance of communism
14
Q
red scare
A
-general fear of communists (known as “reds”) prevalent against western countries
15
Q
gouzenko affair
A
- marked beginning of cold war in canada
- 1945, young clerk at soviet embassy in ottawa, igor gouzenjo asked canada for political asylum (protection from soviet union) in return for giving the candadian government documents that proved the soviet union was operating 2 spy rings in canada
- handed over proof, G threatened by soviets-given canadian police protection for rest of lives
- hit home there was a potential communist threat in CAD
16
Q
berlin blockade crisis
A
- June 1948
- resulted when western powers decided to introduce a new currency in west germany;soviet union refused to accept berlinne
- soviet counteracted the currency reform by blockading the transportation corridors–prevented west from sending supplies to west berlin
- -act of direct confrontation on stalins part
17
Q
north atlantic treaty organization (NATO)
A
- formed in 1949 by allies
- designed for mutual defence
- allies believed stronger and permanent military presence was necessary to prevent soiviet expansion in europe
- each member state contributed to defence force
- attack on 1 member = attack on all members
18
Q
warsaw pact
A
- developed in response to NATO in 1955
- defensive alliance of soviet union and its satellite states
19
Q
nuclear parity
A
- two alliances tried to maintain the balance of power so that each would have approx the same level of nuclear armaments
- synonym for equality
20
Q
mutaully assured destruction (MAD)
A
- idea that if one country attacked, the other would attack in return
- kept both sides from going to war
- reason US and SU raced to keep up with each other
21
Q
korean war
A
- demonstrated to the world that members of the united nation (unlike league) were willing to take action when required
- japanese surrender 1945, korea divided into north and south
- north: communist, south: democratic
- 1950, 100,000+ NK troops supported soviet-built tanks and aircraft, invaded SK. NK refused to withdraw, US demanded that UN come to SK defence
- UN force (32 countries-led by AM forces) sent to drive communists out of korea
- 26,500 canadians served in UN for korea
- armistice in july 1953;korea remained divided –SK capitalist american ally
22
Q
united nations emergency force (UNEF)
A
- creation proposed by lester pearson (canada’s minister of external affairs
- keep combatants apart while a settlement to the suez crisis worked out
23
Q
suez crisis
A
- battle over control of the suez canal-vital trade route for britain and france
- britain and france joined with israel to attack egypt after egyptian president nasser seized control of canal in 1956
- soviet sided with egypt demanding BR and FR troops withdraw
24
Q
cuban missile crisis
A
- serious confrontation between american and soviet forces on the island of cuba
- 1962, US spotted soviet missiles in cuba through aerial surveillance–possible soviet nuclear attack on US in few minutes
- US set naval blockade around cuba, prevent soviet ships from bringing missiles into cuba-crisis intensifies bc soviet ships kept steaming in (protected by submarines)
- soviets turned back due to AM blockade
- AM president Kennedy and Soviet leader Krushchev wrote letters: soviets promised to remove missiles if americans promise not to invade cuba: nuclear war averted
25
Q
john F. Kennedy
A
- president of united states
- assassinated on nov 22, 1963 -stunned the world
- shot by lee harvey oswald
- assassinations of american public figures occurred after his: younger brother robert shot in 1968, reverend martin luther king jr, black civil rights leader shot dead same yr
26
Q
vietnam war
A
- 1954-1975
- vietnam and united states involved
- 1954 vietname divided (north=communist led by ho chi minh, south=anti communist/partly democratic)
- started between NV and SV after french retreated
- SV supported by US and fight included communist countries who supported the north and non communist supporting the south
- soviets/china sent supplies to NV
- 1963 15,000 AM in SV-determined to stop communists and contain communism in SE asia
- 1969 543,000 american troops in vietnam
- last four years US reduced its combat troops on ground and transfered to air war hoping to bomb North Vietnam into submission
- 1973 cease fire; 1975 last americans left vietnam as viet cong took over saigon in south
- SV fell to communists of the north
