WW1 Questions Ch2 Flashcards
what were the red baron and billy bishop known for?
- how many ppl they shot down/killed
- were pilots and known as aces
two lines from “in flanders fields”?
-“in flanders field, the poppies grow
between the crosses, row by row”
role that a relative played in WW1?
-many passed away
effect of chlorine gas?
- blistering in lungs: lead to internally drowning
- eye irritation/temporary or permanent blinding
- droiziness
definition of “trench mouth”?
-bad mouth infection: infected gums, tooth decay, teeth falling out
weapons used in WW1? (3)
- baynet: knife on a gun/barrel-stabs
- artilery: (shells, ordance) makes holes/splits whatever hit into millions of pieces
- landmines: (under) ground explosive device that is activated when near or on top of weapon
term to decribe ppl who do not believe in violence?
-pacifist
year WW1 ended?
-1918
area between enemy trenches?
“no-man’s land”
-owned by nobody;place where most were killed
meaning of expression “shell-shock”?
- PTSD
- soldier unable to function/scared, panicked, helpless reaction to bombardment and fighting
meaning of word “conscription”?
-mandatory enlistment of men aged 20-35
countries that fount in WW1?
- germany/austria-hungary/italy
- france/great britain/russia
- canada/america
meaning of expression “fighting on the front lines”?
-fighting in the front;heat in heart of battle
definition of “alliance”?
- groups come together to an agreement to achieve a common goal
- each other’s backup
day the war ended?
- nov 11 1918
- last confirmed kill: 10:59am
why did 10,000 canadians volunteer to join the canadian forces?
- offered 1 dollar a day
- patriotic felling and looking for adventure
how were bombs dropped from aircraft?
-pilots carry the bombs are their lap and release them at the appropriate time through the open cockpit
why did germany introduce a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare?
- war taking to long in german pov
- uboats would sink any ship approaching britain
- british navy set up a blockade bewteen denmark and sweden to prevent germany from entering the north sea and atlantic
significant of sinking of british passenger ship the lusitania?
- 1198 ppl drowned and 128 americans died
- america public turned agains germany and the sinking of the ship made americans come out of isolation to become apart of world affairs
why was the US entrance to the war the turning point for allies?
- most powerful industrial nation
- helped Allies gain resources
- declared war on germany
battle of ypres significance? (canadian pov)
- first taste of trench warfare
- first poison attack in history
- suffered terrible losses (6000+ died)
battle of the somme significance? (canadian pov)
20,000+ soldiers killed
- NFL regiment suffered 90% casualties;officer either wounded or killed
- 23 canadians ordered “shot at dawn” bc they were unable to fight or return to front lines;suffered from shell shock
- casualties for both sides reached 1.25m
- only few miles of land gained
battle of vimy ridge significance? (canadian pov) *
- suffered heavy losses (3000 killed, 7000 injured)
- capture of vimy ridge was 1st time can units fought tgt as one, idependent of british forces
- result of battle became symbol of can independence and nationhood
- recognized as some of best troops on western front
- can general arthur currie promoted to replace british general byng
battle of passchendaele significance? (canadian pov)
- can attacked town and held it until reinforcements came
- can commander general arthur currie was overruled but his troops were forced to fight anyways
- battle was futile, germans one back the land
- 1 in every 5 canadians survived
- only 7km land gained
who was an enemy alien during ww1?
-500,000 german, austria, hungarian ppl who were residents of citizens or canada
how did canada’s economy change during the war?
- debt increased to finance wartime production (during)
- factories quickly retooled to produce war supplies urging farmers to produce as much as they could (after)
- economy boomed till the end
why did the issue of conscription help divide english and french relations in canada more?
- eng-can believed quebec was not supporting war
- quebec didnt feel same as eng speakers
- fr pop lost its language rights and cultural/sentimental aspects with french/felt like second class citizens
- did not want to sacrifice future to fight/were farmers needing sons to help on the farm
- protestant clergy in charge of recruitment;quebecois were catholic
- training camps run in english
how did the issue of conscription impact 1917 election?
- PM borden invited Wilfred Laurier and liberals to join his party the conservativesand form a coalition gov
- wanted to demonstrate can’s commitment to winning war
- laurier refused bc liberals opposed conscription
- election was fought on issues of conscription
fourteen points original intention?
-convince americans that sacrifices made during war were justified
what was done with the fourteen points?
-presented to paris to convince europeans that the points could be the basis of a lasting peace
issue addressed through points 9-14?
- promised ethnic groups in central and eastern europe a homeland
- austro-hungarian empire should cease to exist
why was self determination difficult to follow through?
- hard to find piece of land for all the ethnic groups
- countries and borders alr existed
how did treaty of versailles impact WW2?
- several groups of ppl left w/o homeland=strong nationalism remained leading to war
- germany angry they had to pay extreme penalties for starting war and blame was put on them/did not want to accept humiliation and sought for revenge
- adolf hitler use aspect of treaty to convince german ppl to overthrow new german gov
germany motives to go to war?
- believed they could win war now but not later
- timing was right
austria-hungary’s motives to go to war?
- concerned with survival of it multi-ethnic state
- wanted to solve pan slavic problem
russias motives to go to war?
-mostly economic;wanted access to all weather port badly
france motives to go to war?
-believed loyalty to alliance system was only way to remain in major power
britain motives to go to war?
- believed independence of sovereign states
- curbing increasing strength in germany
what is the pan slavic problem?
-AH dominated slav ppl but slav ppl wanted to be united with other slav groups in russia to form own country
what is a sovereign state?
-independent states which ppl govern themselves w/o foreign ruler
canada motives to go to war?
- automatically entered in war as part of british empire
- sense of patriotism
date of assasination of archduke franz ferdinand?
-june 28, 1914
who was archduke franz ferdinand?
-heir to austrian-hungarian empire
how did germans success against the russians hurt the germans?
- success against russians contributed to stalemate on western front
- in order for germans to defeat russians they had to transfer troops from the western front to the eastern front
why was german not on the road to success after russia was out of the war?
- allies (AH and turkey) were on collasping point
- crisis bc US was joining war on allied side
what is the HMS dreadnought?
- largest and fastest ship
- heavily armoured
who was archduke franz ferdinand’s assasin?
-Gavrilo Princip
what did women on the homefront do?
- took over traditional jobs done by men
- worked on boats, farms, munitions, factories, car manufacturers, banks, police forces
- kept house clean and fended for children
- worked longer hours than men but were paid less
- produced needs for soldiers
what is the war measures act?
- gov has power to do whatever is needed for the protection of the ppl (security, defense, peace, order, welfare of can)
- control of transportation, manufacturing, trade and agriculture
- censored mail, radio, and newspaper
- police must do job even if ppl unsatisfied
- charater is gone if inforced
what are the provisions of the treaty of versailles?
- war guilt clause
- alsace-lorraine returned to france
- poland given strip of land taken from germany to create access to sea (polish corridor)
- germany and central powers forced to surrender all their colonies to the leauge of nations
- german army limited to 100,000 men and navy plus airforce was limited in size
- germany forced to surrender its entire merchant fleet as compensation to the allies for ship losses during the war
- bank of rhine river valley was demilitarized and germany was prohibited in that (buffer) zone
- unification between AH and germany forbidden
- constitution of league of nations included in treaty
why did the US enter the war?
- sinking of Lusitania 1915
- Germans implementing unrestricted submarine warfare 1917
- learned germany was encouraging mexico to attack US
what ethnic groups were promised a homeland?
-Czechs, Slovaks, Serbs, Croats, Poles
what two new states were created due to self determination?
- czechoslovakia
- yugoslavia
international effects of the war?
- cost $200 billion leaving europe near bankruptcy
- ottoman empire no longer exists
- AH disintegrated-creation of Czech and Yugo making a larger Romania and Bulgaria
- poland became independent nation (first under russian controland thien briefly under german control)
- gov ruled by kings replaced with democry (Germany, AH, Turkey); Russia became 1st communist country
- Germany blamed for war TofV
- europe refugees fled homelands and relocated
what happened to the map of europe?
- poland given strip of land from germany to create polish corridor
- czechoslovakia created (had 2.5 million germans)
- alsace lorraine returned to france
