WW2 SG Ch4 Flashcards
what was the weimar republic?
- germany’s democratic government
- created after kaiser gave up power
- created for help with peacemaking process/wanted to please americans to opt for a more lenient settlement regarding germany
- it signed the TofV
what was the gestapo?
- all powerful secret german police
- could do anything as long as hitler believed they were serving the state
what was the nazi-soviet pact?
- signed august 23, 1939
- hitler approached stalin to make non-aggression pact
- agreed by germany and soviet union that they would not attack each other and divide poland between them
- both knew other was lying and it was a chance to gain time before attack each other
what was blitzkrieg?
- tactic used by nazis at the invasion of poland
- it meant lightning war
- airplanes led attack by knocking out key enemy positions that were followed by tanks and motorized infantry attacks
- attacking forces sweep past enemy and close in from behind enemy trapping them
what was juno?
- the beachfront code name that consisted of 8 km of coastline where canadian forces were assigned
- was one of the five targets at normandy
what was D-day?
- june 6 1944
- allied forces landed in/invaded normandy france
- planned to use aerial/naval bombings to knock germans off defence (operation overlord)
- 300,000 allied soldiers on shore (1 week) 1 million (1 month);200,000 vehicles
- allies had foothold in europe to push back german armies
what was camp x?
- special spy training facility located outside of oshawa ontario
- opened few days after japanese bombing of pearl harbour
- can, br, am spies trained here
- trained 500 agents to work around the world
- had complex radio (hydra) intercepted enemy signals/transmitted info between north america and britain
what was a plebiscite?
- a vote on a single issue
- held by king in 1942 when need for more oversea troops
- asked canadians to release him from his promise implementing no conscription
what is genocide?
- systematic extermination of a religious or racial group
- killing in a group
what was pier 21?
- reopened in 1947
- faced with challenge of processing huge numbers of war brides who came from england, scotland, and wales
- approx 48,000 war brides and 22,000 children were processed
- over 500,000 newcomers arrived (including displaced ppl and refugees)
what were internment camps?
- camps where members did labour work
- members were those who were of hated descent by a country
what was enfranchisement?
- came with loss of “indian status”
- automatic consequence of serving in military
- loss of special rights availabe to indigenous peoples
- legal process of putting an end to a persons indian status and giving full canadian citizenship (setting free)
what was the custodian of aliens act?
- passed in 1943 by canadian government
- allowed possessions of japanese canadians to be sold without their permission
how did the german people feel about the weimar republic?
- hated it because the weimar republic had signed the TofV which the germans despised
- they also hated democracy as a form of government and greatly questioned its ability to run germany
what was appeasement?
-occurs when a certain country becomes aggressive and other countries give the aggressor what it wants just to prevent a war
what was the munich agreement?
- when hitler threatened invasion of czechoslovakia on oct 1 1938, british and french panicked that czechs would resist and war would start.
- conference held in munich germany to discuss the issue
- hitler wanted the return of the sudetenland for the exchange of no war; got what he wanted
- czechs wishes igonored for their PM edvard benes was not in invited
- hitler promised not to invade the remaining of czechoslovakia
- policy failed on march 15 1939 after hitler invaded the whole of czechslovakia and it ceased to exist
- war was coming
what was the dieppe raid?
- august 1942, 5000 canadian soldiers landed in dieppe (coast of france)
- wanted to take beach and town of dieppe back from the germans
- arrived but were mowed down by german fire
- early afternoon, 900 can soldiers dead/dying, 1000 wounded, 1900 taken prisoner
- supposed to be secret attack but allied ship encountered enemy convoy which led to noisy fighting
- last min british forgoed a planned aerial bombing of dieppe
what was operation oblivion?
- dangerous top secret infilitration on japanese soil
- chinese canadians enlisted in order to perform acts of sabotage, ambush, and unarmed combat
- told they would ot return and should expect to die during mission
- given cyanide pill to help with suicide
- reason unknown mission called off last minute and all soldiers sent to borneo alive
what was the liberation of the netherlands?
- may 5 1945
- canadian forces forced nazis to retreat from netherlands and surrender
- victory allowed allied troops to continue forward towards germany
how many canadian women were in the workforce during ww2?
- 1 million
- paid less
- expected to give job back
- taxbreaks and daycare were removed after war
what was the issue of conscription?
- 1939 PM king made an election promise that conscription would never be required and he would not introduce it for overseas duty
- 1940 king implemented national resource mobilization act which required all men to help with war effort but not to serve overseas
- 1942 there was a need for more troops overseas. king held a plebiscite (vote on single issue) asking canadians to release him from his promise of no conscription
what was the treatment of japanese canadians like?
- ppl feared they would supply japan with secret information or help them invade canada
- internment for jap-can started in 1942; they were stripped of their rights (were photographed, fingerprinted and give ID number)
- forced to choose between deportation to japan or relocate away from west coast
- 22,000 sent to internment camps; 14,000 born in canada
- 1943 custodian of aliens act allowed their possessions to be sold without their permission-money used to pay for jap stay at internment camps
- 1944 law passed that stated that japanese could be deported to japan if they did not leave BC (even if born in CAN)
- 1946-released from internment camps and given compensation 46 years later (1988)
what was the st louis incident?
- jewish ppl trying to leave germany
- ship take jews to cuba from germany where they would wait quota
- arrival to cuba ship told to anchor in harbour;not allowed to land
- cuba passed new decree that cancelled the landing permits
- negotiations were a long procedure
- nazi minister of propaganda (joseph goebbes) sent agents to havana to stir up anti semitism and fabricate criminal bgs for passengaers;refugees seen as threat
- st louis turn away from cuba try to land in florida-fail
- june 1939 arrived of can east coast
- can gov did not like jews and st louis forced to return to europe (those on board eventually died in concentration camps)
what was a scapegoat?
-someone blamed or punished for the errors of others
what is anti-semitism?
-extreme hate or dislike towards the jews
what was the SS?
-secret german police
what was the landing at sicily?
- july 1943
- was for italy landing preparation
- allied attack designed to take pressure off soviet allies and divert germans from northwestern europe (attack on normandy was being planned)
- allied forces and canadian soldiers used amphibious attack
- hitler has many german soldiers holding italy, it was captured in 1 month
- italy mainland was clear for landing
what was a convoy?
- merchant ships surrounded by destroyers for protection
- allied supply ships sailed in a convoy
- RCN provided protection with their corvettes
what were WRENS?
- 1941 created
- official womens branch of navy
- the womens royal canadian naval service
what was the hyde park declaration?
- stated US would buy more raw materials from canada and would supply canada with american parts for weapon production
- issued by PM king and president roosevelt
what was auschwitz?
- death camp located in modern day poland
- over 1 million were killed here by nazis
what was the treaty of versailles?
- most important international agreement of twentieth century
- agreement for what would happen to the defeated countries (germany, AH)
who was mackenzie king?
-canada’s prime minister
what was the invasion of poland?
- occured on sept 1 1939 when nazis invaded poland
- ww2 started
- blizkrieg tactics (lightning war) used
- britain and france declared war on germany immediately after the invasion started
- canada’s declaration followed a week later
what was the attack on pearl harbour?
- occurred on dec 7. 1941
- japanese lauched a surprise attack on american naval base in pearl harbour hawaii
- attack intended to give jap navy control of pacific for future attack prep
what were the different minority groups that participated during the war?
- indigenous canadians
- black canadians
- chinese canadians
what were the minority groups contributions/experiances during the war? (indigenous)
- indigenous:
- some served voluntarily some served due to conscription pressure
- 3000 served;200 died
- experianced discrimination by gov and can society
- they were not acknowledged or allowed to put wreaths on grave sites of those who died until remembrance day 1992
- veterans did not receive same assistance of other veterans
- lost enfranchisement=ppl found it difficult to return back to their previous life withing their communities/not welcomed in society led to poverty/despair
what were the minority groups contributions/experiances during the war? (black)
- served in both wars
- accepted into segregated battalions
- on homefront worked in factories and other capacities to support can military effort
- several hundred served
- first time experianced working alongside white canadians and their work acknowledged
- emerged from war with new sense of selfworth and opportunity
- service decreased their marginal status, increased employement and involvement in society
- received benefits=helped with overcoming difficulties, find jobs, improved education
- rascism; whites (canadian legion) didnt want to associate with blacks led to separate sections
what were the minority groups contributions/experiances during the war? (chinese)
- not allowed to serve;did not have full enfranchisement and not allowed to vote
- useful in undercover work
- 600 served
- more involved in society after serving
- after repeal of chinese exclusion act 1947
- -able to immigrate to canada more easily
- 1947: able to become can citizens
- 1949: able to vote in fed and prov elections
- larger portion in professional work force
- more opportunities opened for mainstream can society participation (many became doctors, lawyers, engineers)
- able to contribute to can economic growth due to their new jobs
- more prominant role in can society
what was the holocaust/final solution?
- 1941 hitlers obsession with complete annihilation of jewish race
- all jews in nazi occupied europe were gathered and sent to extermination camps to be killed in a group in gas chambers
what was kristallnacht?
- nov 9 1938
- when germans encouraged nazis to attack jews and their property
- jewish shops attacked, windows smashes, jews beaten publicy, many imprisoned for no reason
- translates to “crystal night” or referred as “night of the broken glass”
what was the night of the long knives?
- june 1934, hitler had 1000 people murdered
- victims were enemies of state by nazis
what were the causes of the second world war?
- fundamental:
- treaty of versailles
- the great depression
- the rise of adolf hitler and the nazi party
- the failure of the league of nations
- extreme nationalism
- the unwillingness of the democratic governments to intervene in places like germany
immediate causes:
- appeasement crisis 1936-1939
- the nazi-soviet pact
what are wolf packs?
-name for group that the german submarines operated in
what were the vandoos?
-a french canadian unit that drove back the germans in italy
what was the type of ship operated by the royal canadian navy?
-corvettes
what was the canadian role in hong kong?
- sent to fight japanese in british colony of hong kong
- forced to surrender after 17 days of fighting (supplies and ammunition ran out)
what were “fat man” and “little boy”?
-atomic bombs created by americans
what were the conditions that women faced while working men’s jobs during ww2?
- paid less for working the same job
- expected to give up the jobs once soldiers returned
- daycare and tax breaks were removed after war ended
what was the effect of the second world war in canada immediately after the war? (economic)
- economy grew due to all contributions to war effort. 1945, economy was booming even thought debt was over $10 billion
- industrial and manufacturing production grew to overtake agriculture as the most important economic sector in canda
what was the effect of the second world war in canada immediately after the war? (political)
- gained international reputation and established itself as a middle power that took a more active global role. ready to play part in creating UN and as middle role in postwar international community
- troops more recognized for contributions (dieppe, hong kong, normandy, liberation of netherlands)
- PM king averted conscription crisis; fr-eng relations strained but not broken
- can gov intervened more in lives of canadians/social safety net was strengthened
- contributions of minority groups advanced cause of civil rights in canada
what was the effect of the second world war in canada immediately after the war? (social)
- women achieved greater recognition for their war effort contributions
- became more tolerant nation/agreed to accept displaced persons and refugees from europe
- experianced “baby boom” and significant wave of immigration (“war brides” from europe who married can soldiers)
- lost over 42,000 people
since canada contributed greatly to the allied war effort during ww2, by selecting appropriate examples prove this statement to be correct?
battle of dieppe 1942 battle of the atlantic italian campaign 1943 normandy landing june 6 1944 liberation of the netherlands may 5 1945 canadians at hong kong
how did canada contribute to the allied war efforts at the battle of dieppe?
- 5000 canadians tried to take beach and town of dieppe back
- were sacrificed/fought on front lines
how did canada contribute to the allied war efforts at the battle of the atlantic?
- royal canadian navy provided most of the allies supply ships with their warships, corvettes (sailed in convoys)
- rcn expanded its ships and personnel
- canadas most decisive contribution, crucial to allied victory
- canadian citizens who were not enlisted manned freighters that transported war materials to europe
how did canada contribute to the allied war efforts at the italian campaign?
- canadian forces pushed through italy until stopped by germans at ortona;vicious fighting dec1943
- germans driven back by fr-eng unit the vandoos
- canadian troops broke through final line of german defences before rome
how did canada contribute to the allied war efforts at the battle of normandy
- largest canadian military operation of WW2
- 14,000 soldiers, 100 ships, 36 bomber squadrons for RCAF
- assigned the target of beachfront codename juno (1/5 targets)
- helped prepare invasion by bombing inland and contributed to allow allies foothold in europe to push back german armies
- over 5000 canadians were killed
how did canada contribute to the allied war efforts at the liberation of the netherlands?
-forced nazis to retreat and surrender=allied forces able to continue forward towards germany
how did canada contribute to the allied war efforts in hong kong
- fought japanese in british colony of hong kong
- first time they saw active battle
- surrendered after 17 days because supplies and ammunition ran out (500 wounded, 290 killed)
- helped defend hong kong to divert japan from attacking elsewhere
