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Veterinary Anatomy > Written Final Details > Flashcards

Written Final Details Flashcards

1
Q

Why is range of motion important

A

to diagnose lameness

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2
Q

What species does not have an intertubercular groove on the humerus

A

Ruminants (sheep and cows)

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3
Q

Who has a supratrochlear foramen? Who has a supracondylar foramen?

A

Dogs; Cats

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4
Q

Why is there no pronation and supination in hooved animals

A

prevents torsion fractures in bones distal to the humerus

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5
Q

Cows have a ________ on the greater tubercle that encloses the __________

A

hook; biceps brachii

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6
Q

What is special about the carpus in carnivores

A

can hyperextend during locomotion

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7
Q

the medial aspect of the forearm receives sensory innervation from

A

cutaneous branches of musculocutaneous

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8
Q

the craniolateral aspect of the arm receives sensory innervation from

A

cutaneous branches of axillary and radial

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9
Q

the cranial aspect of the arm receives sensory innervation from

A

cutaneous branches of axillary

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10
Q

the caudal aspect of the arm receives sensory innervation from

A

cutaneous branches of ulnar

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11
Q

why is the pleura cupola medically relevant

A

injuries in the neck can cause pneumothorax; the cupola is an extension of pleura into the neck

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12
Q

what happens when the cervicothoracic ganglion is compressed or infected? why?

A

signs of Horner’s syndrome (drooping eyelids, no PLR, anisocoria); all sympathetic innervation to the head passes through the ganglion

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13
Q

what is the relevance of the paralumbar fossa

A

where we assess rumen motility

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14
Q

how many thoracic nerves do horses have? cows?

A

18; 13

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15
Q

What nerves are blocked for standing flank surgery in cows? what are their special names

A

Cows: T13, L1, L2
Horses: T18, L1, L2

T13: costoabdominal
L1: iliohypogastric
L2: ilioinguinal

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16
Q

What is the surgical relevance of the falciform ligament?

A

it is filled with runny fat; when performing surgery through a mid-ventral approach, must go a little to the side (either side)

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17
Q

what is the clinical relevance of the epiploic foramen

A

intestines can herniate

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18
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the nephrosplenic recess

A

when a horse rolls, the pelvic flexure can become entrapped in the space, causing colic

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19
Q

what is the major duodenal papilla

A

sphincter of the bile duct and main pancreatic duct in horses

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20
Q

what are the important landmarks for the small and large intestine

A

transverse colon passes cranially to the root of the mesentery and cranial mesenteric artery (cranial flexure)

duodenum passes caudal to the root of the mesentery and cranial mesenteric artery (caudal flexure)

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21
Q

where is the appendix

A

distal aspect of the cecum

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22
Q

is the proximal or distal portion of the mesentery more likely to have issues

A

distal

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23
Q

why is the ileal papilla important

A

prevents reflux of digesta from the cecum to the ileum

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24
Q

what species has a ventral colic artery

A

rabbit

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25
Q

what is relaxin

A

hormone that relaxes the joints and ligaments surrounding the pelvic inlet during parturition

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26
Q

what is the promontory

A

the cranioventral portion of the sacrum; marks changed orientation with respect to the lumbar vertebrae

27
Q

describe the path of the vertebral artery once it gets to the brain

A

vertebral -> basilar -> circulus arteriosus cerebri (circle of Willis)

28
Q

what is the fovea dentis

A

space on the atlas that articulates with the dens from the axis

29
Q

who has a tympanic bulla

A

dogs and cats

30
Q

compression of what region of the neck causes wobblers

A

C3 or C4

31
Q

what is fistulous wither

A

inflammation of the thoracic bursa

32
Q

what is poll evil

A

inflammation of the atlantal bursa

33
Q

what is Viborg’s triangle

A

where a needle can be introduced into the guttural pouch

34
Q

what protects the carotid in cows

A

sternocephalicus

35
Q

what protects the carotid in horses

A

omohyoideus

36
Q

why is the carotid sheath important

A

prevents the spread of infection from the esophagus to the carotid a

37
Q

what small animal has a diastema and a nasoincisive notch

A

rabbit

38
Q

what happens if buccal nerves are damaged

A

facial paralysis of one or more facial muscles

39
Q

where is a nasogastric tube inserted

A

ventral meatus (ventral to the ventral conchae)

40
Q

what happens if you force a nasogastric tube into a horse

A

will enter and perforate the nasal diverticulum

41
Q

how can you access teeth surgically (not via the mouth)

A

sinuses

42
Q

what animal has a large palatine sinus

A

cow

43
Q

T/F horses have a large palatine sinus

A

F (they have one, but it is small)

44
Q

what is the path of food

A

oral cavity -> piriform recess -> laryngopharynx -> esophagus

45
Q

what is the path of air

A

nostril -> through meatuses -> choanae -> nasal cavity -> interpharyngeal ostium -> nasopharynx -> larynx

46
Q

what is an issue horses can have with their epiglottis

A

it can be displaced ventral to the soft palate, closing off the larynx and making it difficult to breathe

47
Q

the guttural pouch tends to be infected with

A

fungi

48
Q

the cranial horn of the thyroid cartilage articulates with ___________ and the caudal horn of the thyroid cartilage articulates with __________

A

thyrohyoid bone; cricoid cartilage

49
Q

what is the clinical significance of the caudal thyroid notch

A

where you enter into the laryngeal lumen for surgery

50
Q

what do we have to bypass when inserting an ET

A

vocal folds

51
Q

who doesn’t have vestibular folds

A

cows

52
Q

what is roaring

A

damage to a caudal recurrent laryngeal nerve; causes paralysis of pharyngeal muscles on the same side; causes vestibular folds, vocal folds, and arytenoid cartilage to flutter and make noise

53
Q

what does the auditory tube connect? how can this be an issue

A

nasopharynx to middle ear; can be a route for airborne pathogens to enter the middle ear

54
Q

what things are only found on the horse femur

A

trochanteric notch; third trochanter

55
Q

paralysis of what nerve would prevent weight bearing of the stifle

A

femoral (loss of function of quadriceps femoris and sartorius)

56
Q

what nerve can be damaged during parturition

A

obturator

57
Q

what is the best approach to the stifle during surgery

A

medially

58
Q

if inserting an arthroscope into the stifle joint, where do you make the incisions

A

below or beside the patella

59
Q

what are the crus muscles

A

long and lateral digital extensor

60
Q

what is the significance of the crus muscles

A

passage of tendons; act as a spring in ungulates

61
Q

palmar digital block

A

desensitize dorsal aspect of hoof; inject on either side of the digital pastern

62
Q

proximal sesamoid block

A

whole digit except dorsal aspect of long pastern

63
Q

distal metatarsal block

A

dorsal, plantar, and plantar metatarsal nerves from the fetlock down

64
Q

proximal metatarsal block

A

freezes palmar nerves

Veterinary Anatomy (16 decks)

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