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Veterinary Anatomy > Muscles Below the Stifle > Flashcards

Muscles Below the Stifle Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin(s) of the craniolateral group of crural muscles

A

Either the distal femur or proximal tibia/fibula

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2
Q

What are the insertions of the craniolateral group of crural muscles and their respective actions

A

Either on the metatarsals (flex the hock) or the phalanges (flex the hock and extend the digits)

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3
Q

What is the innervation of the craniolateral group of crural muscles

A

Common peroneal

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4
Q

What arteries supply the craniolateral group of crural muscles

A

Cranial tibial and saphenous

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5
Q

What is the origin(s) of the caudal group of crural muscles

A

Caudal aspect of the femur or proximal end of the tibia

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6
Q

What are the insertions of the caudal group of crural muscles and their respective actions

A

Either on the calcaneus (extend the hock) or on the phalanges (extend the hock and flex the phalanges)

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7
Q

What innervates the caudal group of crural muscles

A

Tibial n

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8
Q

What supplies blood to the caudal group of crural muscles

A

Caudal tibial, saphenous, popliteal

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9
Q

Branches of which arteries supply the pes

A

Cranial tibial and caudal saphenous

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10
Q

Origin of long digital extensor

A

Extensor fossa of femur

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11
Q

Insertion of long digital extensor

A

Extensor process of P3

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12
Q

Action of long digital extensor

A

Flex hock, extend digits, extend stifle (note: minimal extension of stifle since it crosses that joint)

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13
Q

Origin of lateral digital extensor

A

Head of fibula

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14
Q

Insertion of lateral digital extensor

A

P3 of lateral digit; fuses with tendon of long digital extensor in horses (they have no lateral digit)

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15
Q

Action of lateral digital extensor

A

Flex the hock; extend the digits

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16
Q

The cranial tibial is a branch of what artery

A

Popliteal artery

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17
Q

What is important about the long digital extensor in horses

A

Location of origin (extensor fossa) is important for the reciprocal apparatus

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18
Q

What is another function of the lateral digital extensor tendon

A

Abduct the digit (probably not functionally significant)

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19
Q

What is special about the lateral digital extensor in ruminants

A

Has a medial component (two tendons)

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20
Q

What domestic species have cranial tibial

A

ALL

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21
Q

What domestic species have peroneus longus

A

All but horse

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22
Q

What domestic species have peroneus brevis

A

Dogs, cats, rabbits

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23
Q

What domestic species have peroneus tertius

A

Only large animals (ruminants and horse)

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24
Q

What is important about peroneus tertius in horse

A

It is a spring; runs from femur to metatarsus

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25
Q

Where does cranial tibial run

A

Tibia to metatarsus

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26
Q

Where does peroneus tertius run

A

Femur to metatarsus

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27
Q

In the horse, peroneus tertius is _____________

A

ligamentous

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28
Q

In the horse, cranial tibial is _______________

A

Fleshy

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29
Q

In ruminants, peroneus tertius is _____________

A

Fleshy

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30
Q

In ruminants, cranial tibial is ______________

A

Ligamentous

31
Q

Action of cranial tibial

A

Flex hock

32
Q

Action of peroneus longus

A

Flex hock

33
Q

Action of peroneus brevis

A

Flex hock

34
Q

Action of peroneus tertius

A

Flex hock

35
Q

Describe the relationship of gastrocnemius to triceps surae

A

Gastrocnemius makes up 2 of the 3 heads of triceps surae

36
Q

Action of triceps surae/gastrocnemius

A

Extend hock and some flexion of stifle (originate on femur)

37
Q

What is the third head of the triceps

A

Soleus

38
Q

Soleus is large in ________ and _____________

A

Cats and rabbits

39
Q

Soleus is tiny in ____________ and ____________

A

horse and ruminants

40
Q

Soleus is absent in ____________

A

Dogs

41
Q

Action of soleus

A

Extend hock

42
Q

Origin of superficial digital flexor

A

Above condyles of femur

43
Q

Insertion of superficial digital flexor (multiple)

A

Sides of calcaneus (extend hock); to P1 and P2 (flexes digit)

44
Q

Action of superficial digital flexor

A

Flex digits; extend hock

45
Q

What main muscles merge in the common calcaneal tendon

A

Gastrocnemius; superficial digital flexor

46
Q

What is the achilles tendon

A

Common calcaneal tendon

47
Q

Insertion of gastrocnemius

A

Calcaneus

48
Q

T/F the deep digital flexor has multiple bellies

A

T

49
Q

Importance of sustentaculum tali

A

Creates a pulley surface on calcaneus for the DDFT

50
Q

Action of popliteus

A

Flex stifle

51
Q

What muscles contribute to the stay apparatus (from this section)

A

Peroneus tertius and SDF

52
Q

What is an important consideration when clinically evaluating the integrity of the reciprocal apparatus in a horse

A

Due to the arrangement of the muscles and tendons of the stifle and hock, both must be flexed or extended together

53
Q

What are the ligaments of the horse tarsus (4)

A

Short collateral, long collateral, long plantar, dorsal tarsal

54
Q

What are the two bursae

A

Cunean and subtendinous calcaneal

55
Q

Importance of retinacula

A

Fibrous thickenings in fascia that help to hold down tendons

56
Q

The tibial nerve ends in what branches

A

Lateral/medial plantar, lateral/medial plantar metatarsal

57
Q

What are the dorsal nerves on the hock and metatarsus

A

Continuations of the deep and superficial peroneal nerves

58
Q

The suspensory ligament is a remnant of which muscle

A

Interosseus

59
Q

The _______________ ligament gives off an ________________ branch that blends with the ____________________ tendon in horses

A

The SUSPENSORY ligament gives off an EXTENSOR branch that blends with the LONG DIGITAL EXTENSOR tendon in horses

60
Q

What ligaments and bones are involved in bouncing off of the toes by forming a continuous spring

A

Suspensory ligament, proximal sesamoid bones, distal sesamoid ligaments

61
Q

Where does the middle/oblique distal sesamoid ligament run

A

From the proximal sesamoid to P1

62
Q

Where does the superficial/straight distal sesamoid ligament run

A

From the proximal sesamoid to P2

63
Q

What connects both proximal sesamoid bones

A

Intersesamoidean ligament

64
Q

What are the two other names for the intersesamoidean ligament

A

plantar sesamoidean ligament or scutum

65
Q

what is the significance of the intersesamoidean ligament/ plantar sesamoidean ligament/ scutum

A

forms a groove for passage for SDFT and DDFT

66
Q

What happens with the arrangement of the SDFT and DDFT at the fetlock

A

DDFT perforates the SDFT, so that the DDFT can insert on P3 (whereas SDFT inserts of P1/P2)

67
Q

What is the insertion of DDFT (specific)

A

semilunar crest of P3

68
Q

What ligaments exist at the pastern joint

A

Collateral, axial and abaxial (as well as insertions of the SDFT and superficial/straight distal sesamoidean ligament)

69
Q

Where is the location of the distal navicular ligament

A

Between navicular bone and P3

70
Q

Where is the location of the navicular bursa

A

Between DDFT and distal sesamoid (navicular bone)

71
Q

What are the ligaments of the coffin joint

A

Collateral ligaments (of joint/of navicular bone); distal navicular ligament

72
Q

What is the function of annular ligaments

A

Function like retinacula (keep tendons and ligaments in place)

73
Q

What are the 3 annular ligaments (from proximal to distal direction)

A

plantar, proximal, distal

Veterinary Anatomy (16 decks)

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