Face

Question 1

What is a unique skull feature to bovids

Answer 1

Temporal line

Question 1

What are some unique skull features to large animals

Answer 1

Facial crest, obvious nasoincisive notch, postorbital bar, glenoid of jaw joint, diastema, temporal line (cows)

Question 2

What are some unique skull features to small animals

Answer 2

Small nasoincisive notch, bulla, sagittal crest

Question 3

What attaches to the temporal line

Answer 3

The temporalis muscle

Question 4

What is each half of the mandible called

Answer 4

Dentary (holds the teeth)

Question 5

What joint attaches the mandible to the skull

Answer 5

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) - temporal bone to mandibular bone

Question 6

What are the three parts of the mandible

Answer 6

Condyle, angle, body

Question 7

What does the condyle of the mandible attach to

Answer 7

A glenoid on the temporal region

Question 8

Describe the TMJ of a sheep. Why?

Answer 8

Flat; facilitates grinding motion of chewing

Question 9

Describe the TMJ of a carnivore

Answer 9

Concave with a hook; has a retroarticular process; locks the jaw to prevent prey escape

Question 10

What are the 5 salivary glands

Answer 10

parotid, submandibular, buccal, sublingual, zygomatic (dog only)

Question 11

What is the name of the attachment of the tongue to the mouth

Answer 11

frenulum

Question 12

What opens on either side of the frenulum

Answer 12

Mandibular duct

Question 13

Where does the parotid duct open

Answer 13

Lateral to the caudal upper molars (takes different path depending on small versus large animal; straight in small, curves around masseter in large)

Question 14

What nerves pass over the masseter muscle

Answer 14

Dorsal and ventral buccal nerve (CN VII)

Question 15

What vein runs with the parotid duct in horses

Answer 15

Facial vein

Question 16

What are the main muscles in closing the jaw

Answer 16

Masseter and temporalis mm

Question 17

Action of masseter and temporalis

Answer 17

Chewing, closing jaw

Question 18

Innervation of masseter and temporalis

Answer 18

mandibular branch of CN V

Question 19

Origin of masseter

Answer 19

zygomatic arch +/- facial crest (+ in large animal)

Question 20

Insertion of masseter

Answer 20

ramus of the mandible

Question 21

Origin of temporalis

Answer 21

head/calvarius +/- sagittal crest (+ in small animal)

Question 22

Insertion of temproalis

Answer 22

coronoid process of the mandible

Question 23

What is the muscle that opens the jaw

Answer 23

Digastric

Question 24

What masticatory muscle only exists in horses

Answer 24

occipitomandibularis (mandible to occipital condyle)

Question 25

What are the two bellies of digastric and what is their nerve supply

Answer 25

rostral (CN V) and caudal belly (CN VII)

Question 26

What is the name of the cutaneous muscle in the face

Answer 26

platysma

Question 27

What innervates the muscles of facial expression

Answer 27

Facial (CN VII)

Question 28

What muscle elevates the lip

Answer 28

levator labii maxillaris

Question 29

what is the smile muscle

Answer 29

zygomaticus

Question 30

what is the sour muscle

Answer 30

orbicularis oris

Question 31

what muscle pulls the lip down

Answer 31

depressor labii mandibularis

Question 32

what muscle controls squinting

Answer 32

orbicularis oculi

Question 33

what muscle covers the space in the cheek

Answer 33

buccinator

Question 34

What are the branches of CN V

Answer 34

CNV1 - opthamalic
CNV2 - maxillary
CNV3 - mandibular

Question 35

What goes through the infraorbital foramen

Answer 35

CNV 2 (maxillary branch) - specifically the infraorbital n

Question 36

describe the buccal pump

Answer 36

masseter m pumps blood when head is down; additional involvement of transverse facial vein