Face Flashcards
What is a unique skull feature to bovids
Temporal line
What are some unique skull features to large animals
Facial crest, obvious nasoincisive notch, postorbital bar, glenoid of jaw joint, diastema, temporal line (cows)
What are some unique skull features to small animals
Small nasoincisive notch, bulla, sagittal crest
What attaches to the temporal line
The temporalis muscle
What is each half of the mandible called
Dentary (holds the teeth)
What joint attaches the mandible to the skull
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) - temporal bone to mandibular bone
What are the three parts of the mandible
Condyle, angle, body
What does the condyle of the mandible attach to
A glenoid on the temporal region
Describe the TMJ of a sheep. Why?
Flat; facilitates grinding motion of chewing
Describe the TMJ of a carnivore
Concave with a hook; has a retroarticular process; locks the jaw to prevent prey escape
What are the 5 salivary glands
parotid, submandibular, buccal, sublingual, zygomatic (dog only)
What is the name of the attachment of the tongue to the mouth
frenulum
What opens on either side of the frenulum
Mandibular duct
Where does the parotid duct open
Lateral to the caudal upper molars (takes different path depending on small versus large animal; straight in small, curves around masseter in large)
What nerves pass over the masseter muscle
Dorsal and ventral buccal nerve (CN VII)
What vein runs with the parotid duct in horses
Facial vein
What are the main muscles in closing the jaw
Masseter and temporalis mm
Action of masseter and temporalis
Chewing, closing jaw
Innervation of masseter and temporalis
mandibular branch of CN V
Origin of masseter
zygomatic arch +/- facial crest (+ in large animal)
Insertion of masseter
ramus of the mandible
Origin of temporalis
head/calvarius +/- sagittal crest (+ in small animal)
Insertion of temproalis
coronoid process of the mandible
What is the muscle that opens the jaw
Digastric
What masticatory muscle only exists in horses
occipitomandibularis (mandible to occipital condyle)
What are the two bellies of digastric and what is their nerve supply
rostral (CN V) and caudal belly (CN VII)
What is the name of the cutaneous muscle in the face
platysma
What innervates the muscles of facial expression
Facial (CN VII)
What muscle elevates the lip
levator labii maxillaris
what is the smile muscle
zygomaticus
what is the sour muscle
orbicularis oris
what muscle pulls the lip down
depressor labii mandibularis
what muscle controls squinting
orbicularis oculi
what muscle covers the space in the cheek
buccinator
What are the branches of CN V
CNV1 - opthamalic
CNV2 - maxillary
CNV3 - mandibular
What goes through the infraorbital foramen
CNV 2 (maxillary branch) - specifically the infraorbital n
describe the buccal pump
masseter m pumps blood when head is down; additional involvement of transverse facial vein
