The Neck Flashcards
What are the three main muscle groups of the neck?
Epaxial muscles, hypaxial muscles, pretracheal muscles (+ shoulder muscles)
How many cervical vertebrae do veterinary species have
7
What is the function of the transverse foramen
Passage of vertebral artery
What is a unique feature of cervical vertebrae? (except the atlas and axis)
transverse foramen
What ligaments support the cervical vertebrae
Dorsal and ventral longitudinal ligaments (DLL and VLL)
What disease is caused by narrowing of the spinal canal (horses and large breed dogs)?
Wobblers
What shape is made up of the cervical vertebrae when looking laterally
Sigmoid
What passes through the foramen magnum
Spinal cord
What branches of the brachiocephalic trunk provide circulation to the brain
Vertebral and internal carotid aa
What is the function of the atlas
Up and down movement of the head (Yes)
What is the function of the axis
Left to right head movement (No)
What vertebrae do plates exist on in the cow
C6
What is the function of brachiocephalicus
Move/stabilize head on neck; move/stabilize whole neck
What is the function of omotransversarius
Move/stabilize whole neck
What is the function of sternocephalicus
Move/stabilize head on neck; move/stabilize whole neck
What muscles border the jugular groove
Sternocephalicus ventrally, longus colli dorsally
What innvervates both brachiocephalicus and omotransversarius
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
What is the action of splenius
Move/stabilize head on neck; Move/stabilize segments of vertebral column
Origin of splenius
dorsal spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae; thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion of splenius
nuchal/occipitomastoid region
Innervation of splenius
Spinal nerves
Action of longissiumus capitis/longissimus atlantis
Lateral movement of head and neck
Origin of longissumus capitis/atlantis
Transverse processes
Insertion of longissimus capitis
mastoid process
Insertion of longissimus atlantis
Wing of atlas
Innervation of longissimus capitis/atlantis
Spinal nerves
What is the function of the transversospinal group
Connect 2 vertebrae or 3 vertebrae
What is the hypaxial muscle of the neck
Longus colli
How many vertebrae does longus colli connect
4 or more
What is the longus colli located between
The spinal column dorsally and the trachea ventrally
What is the action of longus colli
Move and stabilize the neck and segments of the vertebral column
Origin of sternocephalicus
Sternum
What is special about the insertion of sternocephalicus
Exact location varies depending on species
Innervation of sternocephalicus
Spinal accessory (CN XI)
What is cutaneous colli
Continuation of cutaneous trunci
What side is the esophagus typically on
Left
Clinical importance of omohyoideus and which species it is present in
Horses only; separates the external jugular vein and common carotid artery in the neck, meaning you are less likely to puncture the common carotid artery during venipuncture
What is the thick fascia that helps act as a barrier on the carotid artery
Carotid sheath
What is the function of the pretracheal muscles
Move/stabilize the LARYNX; control muscles of the voice box
What is the shortest pretracheal muscle and where does it originate and insert
Thyrohyoideus (originates on the larynx and inserts on the hyoid apparatus)
What is the longest pretracheal muscle and where does it originate and insert
Sternohyoideus (originates on the sternum and inserts on the hyoid apparatus)
What is the origin and insertion of sternothyroideus
Sternum; larynx
What is the origin and insertion of omohyoid
Shoulder; hyoid apparatus
What are the parts of the nuchal ligament
Funicular (rope like part) and laminar (sheet like)
The modification of what ligament makes the nuchal ligament
Supraspinous ligament
What is the function of the nuchal ligament
Hold the head up passively (funicular); stabilize the vertebrae to maintain sigmoid shape (laminar)
What are the two lymph nodes of the neck
Prescapular (superficial cervical) and retropharyngeal
