The Neck

Question 1

What are the three main muscle groups of the neck?

Answer 1

Epaxial muscles, hypaxial muscles, pretracheal muscles (+ shoulder muscles)

Question 2

How many cervical vertebrae do veterinary species have

Answer 2

7

Question 3

What is the function of the transverse foramen

Answer 3

Passage of vertebral artery

Question 4

What is a unique feature of cervical vertebrae? (except the atlas and axis)

Answer 4

transverse foramen

Question 5

What ligaments support the cervical vertebrae

Answer 5

Dorsal and ventral longitudinal ligaments (DLL and VLL)

Question 6

What disease is caused by narrowing of the spinal canal (horses and large breed dogs)?

Answer 6

Wobblers

Question 7

What shape is made up of the cervical vertebrae when looking laterally

Answer 7

Sigmoid

Question 8

What passes through the foramen magnum

Answer 8

Spinal cord

Question 9

What branches of the brachiocephalic trunk provide circulation to the brain

Answer 9

Vertebral and internal carotid aa

Question 10

What is the function of the atlas

Answer 10

Up and down movement of the head (Yes)

Question 11

What is the function of the axis

Answer 11

Left to right head movement (No)

Question 12

What vertebrae do plates exist on in the cow

Answer 12

C6

Question 13

What is the function of brachiocephalicus

Answer 13

Move/stabilize head on neck; move/stabilize whole neck

Question 14

What is the function of omotransversarius

Answer 14

Move/stabilize whole neck

Question 15

What is the function of sternocephalicus

Answer 15

Move/stabilize head on neck; move/stabilize whole neck

Question 16

What muscles border the jugular groove

Answer 16

Sternocephalicus ventrally, longus colli dorsally

Question 17

What innvervates both brachiocephalicus and omotransversarius

Answer 17

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 18

What is the action of splenius

Answer 18

Move/stabilize head on neck; Move/stabilize segments of vertebral column

Question 19

Origin of splenius

Answer 19

dorsal spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae; thoracolumbar fascia

Question 20

Insertion of splenius

Answer 20

nuchal/occipitomastoid region

Question 21

Innervation of splenius

Answer 21

Spinal nerves

Question 22

Action of longissiumus capitis/longissimus atlantis

Answer 22

Lateral movement of head and neck

Question 23

Origin of longissumus capitis/atlantis

Answer 23

Transverse processes

Question 24

Insertion of longissimus capitis

Answer 24

mastoid process

Question 25

Insertion of longissimus atlantis

Answer 25

Wing of atlas

Question 26

Innervation of longissimus capitis/atlantis

Answer 26

Spinal nerves

Question 27

What is the function of the transversospinal group

Answer 27

Connect 2 vertebrae or 3 vertebrae

Question 28

What is the hypaxial muscle of the neck

Answer 28

Longus colli

Question 29

How many vertebrae does longus colli connect

Answer 29

4 or more

Question 30

What is the longus colli located between

Answer 30

The spinal column dorsally and the trachea ventrally

Question 31

What is the action of longus colli

Answer 31

Move and stabilize the neck and segments of the vertebral column

Question 32

Origin of sternocephalicus

Answer 32

Sternum

Question 33

What is special about the insertion of sternocephalicus

Answer 33

Exact location varies depending on species

Question 34

Innervation of sternocephalicus

Answer 34

Spinal accessory (CN XI)

Question 35

What is cutaneous colli

Answer 35

Continuation of cutaneous trunci

Question 36

What side is the esophagus typically on

Answer 36

Left

Question 37

Clinical importance of omohyoideus and which species it is present in

Answer 37

Horses only; separates the external jugular vein and common carotid artery in the neck, meaning you are less likely to puncture the common carotid artery during venipuncture

Question 38

What is the thick fascia that helps act as a barrier on the carotid artery

Answer 38

Carotid sheath

Question 39

What is the function of the pretracheal muscles

Answer 39

Move/stabilize the LARYNX; control muscles of the voice box

Question 40

What is the shortest pretracheal muscle and where does it originate and insert

Answer 40

Thyrohyoideus (originates on the larynx and inserts on the hyoid apparatus)

Question 41

What is the longest pretracheal muscle and where does it originate and insert

Answer 41

Sternohyoideus (originates on the sternum and inserts on the hyoid apparatus)

Question 42

What is the origin and insertion of sternothyroideus

Answer 42

Sternum; larynx

Question 43

What is the origin and insertion of omohyoid

Answer 43

Shoulder; hyoid apparatus

Question 44

What are the parts of the nuchal ligament

Answer 44

Funicular (rope like part) and laminar (sheet like)

Question 45

The modification of what ligament makes the nuchal ligament

Answer 45

Supraspinous ligament

Question 46

What is the function of the nuchal ligament

Answer 46

Hold the head up passively (funicular); stabilize the vertebrae to maintain sigmoid shape (laminar)

Question 47

What are the two lymph nodes of the neck

Answer 47

Prescapular (superficial cervical) and retropharyngeal