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Veterinary Anatomy > The Neck > Flashcards

The Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main muscle groups of the neck?

A

Epaxial muscles, hypaxial muscles, pretracheal muscles (+ shoulder muscles)

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2
Q

How many cervical vertebrae do veterinary species have

A

7

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3
Q

What is the function of the transverse foramen

A

Passage of vertebral artery

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4
Q

What is a unique feature of cervical vertebrae? (except the atlas and axis)

A

transverse foramen

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5
Q

What ligaments support the cervical vertebrae

A

Dorsal and ventral longitudinal ligaments (DLL and VLL)

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6
Q

What disease is caused by narrowing of the spinal canal (horses and large breed dogs)?

A

Wobblers

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7
Q

What shape is made up of the cervical vertebrae when looking laterally

A

Sigmoid

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8
Q

What passes through the foramen magnum

A

Spinal cord

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9
Q

What branches of the brachiocephalic trunk provide circulation to the brain

A

Vertebral and internal carotid aa

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10
Q

What is the function of the atlas

A

Up and down movement of the head (Yes)

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11
Q

What is the function of the axis

A

Left to right head movement (No)

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12
Q

What vertebrae do plates exist on in the cow

A

C6

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13
Q

What is the function of brachiocephalicus

A

Move/stabilize head on neck; move/stabilize whole neck

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14
Q

What is the function of omotransversarius

A

Move/stabilize whole neck

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15
Q

What is the function of sternocephalicus

A

Move/stabilize head on neck; move/stabilize whole neck

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16
Q

What muscles border the jugular groove

A

Sternocephalicus ventrally, longus colli dorsally

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17
Q

What innvervates both brachiocephalicus and omotransversarius

A

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

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18
Q

What is the action of splenius

A

Move/stabilize head on neck; Move/stabilize segments of vertebral column

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19
Q

Origin of splenius

A

dorsal spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae; thoracolumbar fascia

20
Q

Insertion of splenius

A

nuchal/occipitomastoid region

21
Q

Innervation of splenius

A

Spinal nerves

22
Q

Action of longissiumus capitis/longissimus atlantis

A

Lateral movement of head and neck

23
Q

Origin of longissumus capitis/atlantis

A

Transverse processes

24
Q

Insertion of longissimus capitis

A

mastoid process

25
Q

Insertion of longissimus atlantis

A

Wing of atlas

26
Q

Innervation of longissimus capitis/atlantis

A

Spinal nerves

27
Q

What is the function of the transversospinal group

A

Connect 2 vertebrae or 3 vertebrae

28
Q

What is the hypaxial muscle of the neck

A

Longus colli

29
Q

How many vertebrae does longus colli connect

A

4 or more

30
Q

What is the longus colli located between

A

The spinal column dorsally and the trachea ventrally

31
Q

What is the action of longus colli

A

Move and stabilize the neck and segments of the vertebral column

32
Q

Origin of sternocephalicus

A

Sternum

33
Q

What is special about the insertion of sternocephalicus

A

Exact location varies depending on species

34
Q

Innervation of sternocephalicus

A

Spinal accessory (CN XI)

35
Q

What is cutaneous colli

A

Continuation of cutaneous trunci

36
Q

What side is the esophagus typically on

A

Left

37
Q

Clinical importance of omohyoideus and which species it is present in

A

Horses only; separates the external jugular vein and common carotid artery in the neck, meaning you are less likely to puncture the common carotid artery during venipuncture

38
Q

What is the thick fascia that helps act as a barrier on the carotid artery

A

Carotid sheath

39
Q

What is the function of the pretracheal muscles

A

Move/stabilize the LARYNX; control muscles of the voice box

40
Q

What is the shortest pretracheal muscle and where does it originate and insert

A

Thyrohyoideus (originates on the larynx and inserts on the hyoid apparatus)

41
Q

What is the longest pretracheal muscle and where does it originate and insert

A

Sternohyoideus (originates on the sternum and inserts on the hyoid apparatus)

42
Q

What is the origin and insertion of sternothyroideus

A

Sternum; larynx

43
Q

What is the origin and insertion of omohyoid

A

Shoulder; hyoid apparatus

44
Q

What are the parts of the nuchal ligament

A

Funicular (rope like part) and laminar (sheet like)

45
Q

The modification of what ligament makes the nuchal ligament

A

Supraspinous ligament

46
Q

What is the function of the nuchal ligament

A

Hold the head up passively (funicular); stabilize the vertebrae to maintain sigmoid shape (laminar)

47
Q

What are the two lymph nodes of the neck

A

Prescapular (superficial cervical) and retropharyngeal

Veterinary Anatomy (16 decks)

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