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Veterinary Anatomy > Pelvis > Flashcards

Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

what bones make up the pelvis symphysis

A

ischium + pubis

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2
Q

how to distinguish equine pelvis from bovine pelvis

A

equine: tall sacral tuber; bovine: short sacral tuber

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3
Q

what is the hook bone

A

the coxal tuber

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4
Q

what is the pin bone

A

the ischial tuber

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5
Q

what term describes where the sacrum is not in line with the lumbar vertebrae; why?

A

promontory (of sacrum); creates more space in the pelvic canal

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6
Q

origin and insertion of sacrotuberous ligament

A

(caudolateral portion of) sacrum to ischial tuber

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7
Q

T/F the sacrotuberous ligament is present in all carnivores

A

F (not present in cat)

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8
Q

origin and insertion of sacroiliac ligament

A

lateral sacrum to sacral tuber

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9
Q

origin and insertion of sacroiliac ligament

A

lateral sacrum to ilium and ischium

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10
Q

what spaces are created within the sacrosciatic ligament

A

greater and lesser sciatic foramina

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11
Q

what passes through the greater sciatic foramen

A

sciatic n; cranial and caudal gluteal a/v/n

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12
Q

what passes through the lesser sciatic foramen

A

tendon for the internal obturator m

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13
Q

what is the pelvic cavity

A

continuation of the abdominal cavity into the cranial portion of the pelvic canal; lined with peritoneum

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14
Q

what is the pelvic canal

A

space bounded by the bony pelvis and sacrum

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15
Q

what is the perineum

A

contents of caudal aspect of the pelvic canal

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16
Q

what is peritoneum

A

serous lining of abdominal and pelvic cavities

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17
Q

space between the flank and the rectum

A

pararectal fossa

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18
Q

space between the rectum and female repro tract

A

rectogenital pouch

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19
Q

space between the female repro tract and bladder

A

vesicogenital pouch

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20
Q

space between the bladder and ventral body wall

A

pubovesical pouch

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21
Q

space between the rectum and bladder in male animals

A

rectovesical pouch

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22
Q

what is the perineal region

A

region of skin surrounding external genitalia

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23
Q

what is the perineal body

A

fascia between the anus and genital opening

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24
Q

origin and insertion of coccygeus

A

ischial spine; transverse processes of tail vertebrae

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25
Q

action of coccygeus

A

moves tail; compresses rectum during defacation

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26
Q

origin and insertion of levator ani

A

iliac shaft and pelvic symphysis; tail and anus

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27
Q

action of levator ani

A

move tail; compress anus during defacation

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28
Q

what is the space between the rectum and ischium

A

ischiorectal fossa

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29
Q

what is the blood supply to the tail

A

median sacral

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30
Q

splitting of the aorta occurs _____________ to the promontory

A

cranial

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31
Q

what supplies blood to muscles around the lumbosacral area and gluteal mm

A

caudal gluteal

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32
Q

what supplies blood to the pelvic viscera

A

internal pudendal

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33
Q

difference in artery branching from standard plan (SA) in HORSES

A

obturator branch off of cranial gluteal in males to the penis; uterine branches off of external iliac

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34
Q

difference in artery branching from standard plan (SA) in RUMINANTS

A

long internal iliac; cranial gluteal branches off of internal iliac; uterine branches off of umbilical (with a uterine branch off of vaginal); vaginal branches off of internal iliac; short internal pudendal

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35
Q

what does the lumbosacral plexus consist of (3)

A

obturator; femoral; sciatic

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36
Q

what does the sacral ventral rami consist of

A

pudendal, caudal rectal

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37
Q

pudendal nerve

A

S1-S4; sensory to anus and external genitalia; motor to perineal region mm

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38
Q

caudal rectal nerve

A

sensory to rectum and perineal skin; motor to coccygeus and levator ani

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39
Q

what does the pelvic plexus consist of

A

pelvic and hypogastric nerves

40
Q

hypogastric nerve

A

L1-L4; relax bladder and erectile tissue; decrease GI motility

41
Q

pelvic nerve

A

S1-S3; contract bladder; vasodilate erectile tissue; increase GI motility

42
Q

what spinal nerve segments contribute to sciatic nerve

A

L6/7-S2

43
Q

what spinal nerve segments contribute to the lumbosacral plexus

A

L4-S3; ventral branches

44
Q

what muscle does the femoral nerve pass through (acts as a landmark to find it)

A

iliopsoas

45
Q

describe the buck (male rabbit) repro system

A

vesicular gland, both kinds of prostate, bulbourethral gland, ampullary gland; the scrotum is cranial to the penis; functionally cryptorchid; musculocavernous penis

46
Q

describe the tomcat repro system

A

ampullary gland; no vesicular gland; small bulbourethral gland; compact prostate; musculocavernous penis with keratin barbs; perineal scrotum

47
Q

describe the stud (male dog) repro system

A

ampullary gland; no vesicular gland; compact prostate; no bulbourethral gland; intermediate scrotum; musculocavernous penis with an os penis

48
Q

describe the ram repro system

A

all glands; only a diffuse prostate; inguinal scrotum; fibroelastic penis; spiral glans with a urethral process

49
Q

describe the ox repro system

A

vesicular gland, bulbourethral gland, ampullary gland, both diffuse and compact prostate; fibroelastic penis with spiral glans; inguinal scrotum

50
Q

describe the stallion repro system

A

vesicular gland, ampullary gland, bulbourethral gland, compact prostate only; intermediate scrotum; musculocavernous penis with double prepuce and corona of glans

51
Q

where does the ductus deferens join the urethra

A

at the prostate gland

52
Q

what drags the testes through the inguinal canal and ultimately connects them to the scrotum

A

gubernaculum

53
Q

what is the network of veins within the testicles called

A

pampiniform plexus

54
Q

what do the testicular vessels consist of

A

pampiniform plexus, testicular artery, testicular lymphatics

55
Q

what is the external spermatic fascia

A

created by the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique

56
Q

what is the cremastor muscle

A

continuation of the internal abdominal oblique

57
Q

what is contained within the spermatic cord

A

ductus deferens, vaginal tunics, testicular vessels (pampiniform plexus, testicular artery, testicular lymphatics), testicular nerves, cremastor muscle

58
Q

what part of the visceral vaginal tunic wraps around the ductus deferens

A

mesoductus

59
Q

what part of the visceral vaginal tunic wraps around the testes and blood vessels

A

mesorchium

60
Q

where are the corpus cavernosum located

A

dorsally; two tubes

61
Q

the glans is composed entirely of

A

corpus spongiosum

62
Q

the bulb of the penis is composed of

A

corpus spongiosum

63
Q

the crus is composed of

A

corpus cavernosum

64
Q

what surrounds corpus cavernosum

A

tunica albuginea

65
Q

what are the two muscles of the penis

A

ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus

66
Q

where is bulbospongiosus located

A

only around the bulb

67
Q

what is ischiocavernosus located

A

around the crura of the penis

68
Q

what is an important role of ischiocavernosus

A

prevents blood from leaving to maintain the erection

69
Q

what is the term for the bulb of the glans (NOT the bulb of the penis)

A

bulbous glandis

70
Q

what is the opening of the prepuce

A

preputial orifice

71
Q

what are the three arteries of the penis

A

artery to bulb, deep artery (to corpus cavernosum) and dorsal artery (to glans) (+ obturator in equine, off of cranial gluteal)

72
Q

what retracts the prepuce during an erection

A

preputial muscle (made of of cutaneous trunci)

73
Q

what retracts the penis after an erection in species with a fibroelastic penis

A

retractor penis

74
Q

what is the preputial ring in horses

A

consists of the urethra and the inner prepuce

75
Q

what is the term for the space between the urethra and the glans in horses

A

fossa glandis

76
Q

duplex uterus

A

two uteri, two cervixes, one vagina

77
Q

bicornuate uterus

A

two horns, one large body, one cervix, one vagina

78
Q

simplex uterus

A

no horns, one body, one cervix, one vagina

79
Q

most veterinary species, excepting _____________, which have a __________ uterus, have a ___________ uterus

A

rabbits, duplex, bicornuate

80
Q

what are three ligaments of the female repro system

A

suspensory ligament (of ovary), proper ligament (connects ovary to uterine horn), round ligament (gubernaculum equivalent)

81
Q

the broad ligament can be separated into:

A

mesovarium (around ovaries); mesosalpinx (around uterine tube), mesometrium (around uterus)

82
Q

the peritoneum surrounding the ovary is called the

A

ovarian bursa

83
Q

in cows there is/are ____________ intercornual ligament(s) whereas in horses there is/are ______________ intercornual ligament(s)

A

cows have two (ventral and dorsal); horses have one

84
Q

what structure allows us to feel the ovary and uterus on palpation

A

spiral uterine horns

85
Q

the lactiferous sinus is composed of (2):

A

gland sinus and teat sinus

86
Q

what exists between the teat and the udder

A

submucosal ring of veins

87
Q

describe the path of milk on the way out of the udder

A

gland sinus -> submucosal ring of veins -> teat sinus -> teat canal (papillary duct)

88
Q

what contributes to the milk vein

A

cranial and caudal superficial epigastric vein (they anastamose to form the milk vein)

89
Q

when the milk vein enters the thorax where does it go

A

to the internal thoracic vein

90
Q

what is another term for the mammary lymph node

A

superficial inguinal lymph node

91
Q

in male animals, what are the superficial inguinal lymph nodes associated with

A

the penis

92
Q

where is the deep inguinal lymph node located

A

along external iliac where it splits into deep femoral

93
Q

what species does not have a subiliac (prefemoral) LN

A

dogs

94
Q

what region does the sacral/ medial iliac LN drain

A

pelvic region/ pelvic limb

95
Q

what region does the subiliac LN drain

A

mid flank to thigh

96
Q

what region does the deep inguinal LN drain

A

thigh

Veterinary Anatomy (16 decks)

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