Pelvis Flashcards
what bones make up the pelvis symphysis
ischium + pubis
how to distinguish equine pelvis from bovine pelvis
equine: tall sacral tuber; bovine: short sacral tuber
what is the hook bone
the coxal tuber
what is the pin bone
the ischial tuber
what term describes where the sacrum is not in line with the lumbar vertebrae; why?
promontory (of sacrum); creates more space in the pelvic canal
origin and insertion of sacrotuberous ligament
(caudolateral portion of) sacrum to ischial tuber
T/F the sacrotuberous ligament is present in all carnivores
F (not present in cat)
origin and insertion of sacroiliac ligament
lateral sacrum to sacral tuber
origin and insertion of sacroiliac ligament
lateral sacrum to ilium and ischium
what spaces are created within the sacrosciatic ligament
greater and lesser sciatic foramina
what passes through the greater sciatic foramen
sciatic n; cranial and caudal gluteal a/v/n
what passes through the lesser sciatic foramen
tendon for the internal obturator m
what is the pelvic cavity
continuation of the abdominal cavity into the cranial portion of the pelvic canal; lined with peritoneum
what is the pelvic canal
space bounded by the bony pelvis and sacrum
what is the perineum
contents of caudal aspect of the pelvic canal
what is peritoneum
serous lining of abdominal and pelvic cavities
space between the flank and the rectum
pararectal fossa
space between the rectum and female repro tract
rectogenital pouch
space between the female repro tract and bladder
vesicogenital pouch
space between the bladder and ventral body wall
pubovesical pouch
space between the rectum and bladder in male animals
rectovesical pouch
what is the perineal region
region of skin surrounding external genitalia
what is the perineal body
fascia between the anus and genital opening
origin and insertion of coccygeus
ischial spine; transverse processes of tail vertebrae
action of coccygeus
moves tail; compresses rectum during defacation
origin and insertion of levator ani
iliac shaft and pelvic symphysis; tail and anus
action of levator ani
move tail; compress anus during defacation
what is the space between the rectum and ischium
ischiorectal fossa
what is the blood supply to the tail
median sacral
splitting of the aorta occurs _____________ to the promontory
cranial
what supplies blood to muscles around the lumbosacral area and gluteal mm
caudal gluteal
what supplies blood to the pelvic viscera
internal pudendal
difference in artery branching from standard plan (SA) in HORSES
obturator branch off of cranial gluteal in males to the penis; uterine branches off of external iliac
difference in artery branching from standard plan (SA) in RUMINANTS
long internal iliac; cranial gluteal branches off of internal iliac; uterine branches off of umbilical (with a uterine branch off of vaginal); vaginal branches off of internal iliac; short internal pudendal
what does the lumbosacral plexus consist of (3)
obturator; femoral; sciatic
what does the sacral ventral rami consist of
pudendal, caudal rectal
pudendal nerve
S1-S4; sensory to anus and external genitalia; motor to perineal region mm
caudal rectal nerve
sensory to rectum and perineal skin; motor to coccygeus and levator ani
what does the pelvic plexus consist of
pelvic and hypogastric nerves
hypogastric nerve
L1-L4; relax bladder and erectile tissue; decrease GI motility
pelvic nerve
S1-S3; contract bladder; vasodilate erectile tissue; increase GI motility
what spinal nerve segments contribute to sciatic nerve
L6/7-S2
what spinal nerve segments contribute to the lumbosacral plexus
L4-S3; ventral branches
what muscle does the femoral nerve pass through (acts as a landmark to find it)
iliopsoas
describe the buck (male rabbit) repro system
vesicular gland, both kinds of prostate, bulbourethral gland, ampullary gland; the scrotum is cranial to the penis; functionally cryptorchid; musculocavernous penis
describe the tomcat repro system
ampullary gland; no vesicular gland; small bulbourethral gland; compact prostate; musculocavernous penis with keratin barbs; perineal scrotum
describe the stud (male dog) repro system
ampullary gland; no vesicular gland; compact prostate; no bulbourethral gland; intermediate scrotum; musculocavernous penis with an os penis
describe the ram repro system
all glands; only a diffuse prostate; inguinal scrotum; fibroelastic penis; spiral glans with a urethral process
describe the ox repro system
vesicular gland, bulbourethral gland, ampullary gland, both diffuse and compact prostate; fibroelastic penis with spiral glans; inguinal scrotum
describe the stallion repro system
vesicular gland, ampullary gland, bulbourethral gland, compact prostate only; intermediate scrotum; musculocavernous penis with double prepuce and corona of glans
where does the ductus deferens join the urethra
at the prostate gland
what drags the testes through the inguinal canal and ultimately connects them to the scrotum
gubernaculum
what is the network of veins within the testicles called
pampiniform plexus
what do the testicular vessels consist of
pampiniform plexus, testicular artery, testicular lymphatics
what is the external spermatic fascia
created by the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique
what is the cremastor muscle
continuation of the internal abdominal oblique
what is contained within the spermatic cord
ductus deferens, vaginal tunics, testicular vessels (pampiniform plexus, testicular artery, testicular lymphatics), testicular nerves, cremastor muscle
what part of the visceral vaginal tunic wraps around the ductus deferens
mesoductus
what part of the visceral vaginal tunic wraps around the testes and blood vessels
mesorchium
where are the corpus cavernosum located
dorsally; two tubes
the glans is composed entirely of
corpus spongiosum
the bulb of the penis is composed of
corpus spongiosum
the crus is composed of
corpus cavernosum
what surrounds corpus cavernosum
tunica albuginea
what are the two muscles of the penis
ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus
where is bulbospongiosus located
only around the bulb
what is ischiocavernosus located
around the crura of the penis
what is an important role of ischiocavernosus
prevents blood from leaving to maintain the erection
what is the term for the bulb of the glans (NOT the bulb of the penis)
bulbous glandis
what is the opening of the prepuce
preputial orifice
what are the three arteries of the penis
artery to bulb, deep artery (to corpus cavernosum) and dorsal artery (to glans) (+ obturator in equine, off of cranial gluteal)
what retracts the prepuce during an erection
preputial muscle (made of of cutaneous trunci)
what retracts the penis after an erection in species with a fibroelastic penis
retractor penis
what is the preputial ring in horses
consists of the urethra and the inner prepuce
what is the term for the space between the urethra and the glans in horses
fossa glandis
duplex uterus
two uteri, two cervixes, one vagina
bicornuate uterus
two horns, one large body, one cervix, one vagina
simplex uterus
no horns, one body, one cervix, one vagina
most veterinary species, excepting _____________, which have a __________ uterus, have a ___________ uterus
rabbits, duplex, bicornuate
what are three ligaments of the female repro system
suspensory ligament (of ovary), proper ligament (connects ovary to uterine horn), round ligament (gubernaculum equivalent)
the broad ligament can be separated into:
mesovarium (around ovaries); mesosalpinx (around uterine tube), mesometrium (around uterus)
the peritoneum surrounding the ovary is called the
ovarian bursa
in cows there is/are ____________ intercornual ligament(s) whereas in horses there is/are ______________ intercornual ligament(s)
cows have two (ventral and dorsal); horses have one
what structure allows us to feel the ovary and uterus on palpation
spiral uterine horns
the lactiferous sinus is composed of (2):
gland sinus and teat sinus
what exists between the teat and the udder
submucosal ring of veins
describe the path of milk on the way out of the udder
gland sinus -> submucosal ring of veins -> teat sinus -> teat canal (papillary duct)
what contributes to the milk vein
cranial and caudal superficial epigastric vein (they anastamose to form the milk vein)
when the milk vein enters the thorax where does it go
to the internal thoracic vein
what is another term for the mammary lymph node
superficial inguinal lymph node
in male animals, what are the superficial inguinal lymph nodes associated with
the penis
where is the deep inguinal lymph node located
along external iliac where it splits into deep femoral
what species does not have a subiliac (prefemoral) LN
dogs
what region does the sacral/ medial iliac LN drain
pelvic region/ pelvic limb
what region does the subiliac LN drain
mid flank to thigh
what region does the deep inguinal LN drain
thigh
