Pelvis Flashcards
1
Q
what bones make up the pelvis symphysis
A
ischium + pubis
2
Q
how to distinguish equine pelvis from bovine pelvis
A
equine: tall sacral tuber; bovine: short sacral tuber
3
Q
what is the hook bone
A
the coxal tuber
4
Q
what is the pin bone
A
the ischial tuber
5
Q
what term describes where the sacrum is not in line with the lumbar vertebrae; why?
A
promontory (of sacrum); creates more space in the pelvic canal
6
Q
origin and insertion of sacrotuberous ligament
A
(caudolateral portion of) sacrum to ischial tuber
7
Q
T/F the sacrotuberous ligament is present in all carnivores
A
F (not present in cat)
8
Q
origin and insertion of sacroiliac ligament
A
lateral sacrum to sacral tuber
9
Q
origin and insertion of sacroiliac ligament
A
lateral sacrum to ilium and ischium
10
Q
what spaces are created within the sacrosciatic ligament
A
greater and lesser sciatic foramina
11
Q
what passes through the greater sciatic foramen
A
sciatic n; cranial and caudal gluteal a/v/n
12
Q
what passes through the lesser sciatic foramen
A
tendon for the internal obturator m
13
Q
what is the pelvic cavity
A
continuation of the abdominal cavity into the cranial portion of the pelvic canal; lined with peritoneum
14
Q
what is the pelvic canal
A
space bounded by the bony pelvis and sacrum
15
Q
what is the perineum
A
contents of caudal aspect of the pelvic canal
16
Q
what is peritoneum
A
serous lining of abdominal and pelvic cavities
17
Q
space between the flank and the rectum
A
pararectal fossa
18
Q
space between the rectum and female repro tract
A
rectogenital pouch
19
Q
space between the female repro tract and bladder
A
vesicogenital pouch
20
Q
space between the bladder and ventral body wall
A
pubovesical pouch
21
Q
space between the rectum and bladder in male animals
A
rectovesical pouch
22
Q
what is the perineal region
A
region of skin surrounding external genitalia
23
Q
what is the perineal body
A
fascia between the anus and genital opening
24
Q
origin and insertion of coccygeus
A
ischial spine; transverse processes of tail vertebrae
25
action of coccygeus
moves tail; compresses rectum during defacation
26
origin and insertion of levator ani
iliac shaft and pelvic symphysis; tail and anus
27
action of levator ani
move tail; compress anus during defacation
28
what is the space between the rectum and ischium
ischiorectal fossa
29
what is the blood supply to the tail
median sacral
30
splitting of the aorta occurs _____________ to the promontory
cranial
31
what supplies blood to muscles around the lumbosacral area and gluteal mm
caudal gluteal
32
what supplies blood to the pelvic viscera
internal pudendal
33
difference in artery branching from standard plan (SA) in HORSES
obturator branch off of cranial gluteal in males to the penis; uterine branches off of external iliac
34
difference in artery branching from standard plan (SA) in RUMINANTS
long internal iliac; cranial gluteal branches off of internal iliac; uterine branches off of umbilical (with a uterine branch off of vaginal); vaginal branches off of internal iliac; short internal pudendal
35
what does the lumbosacral plexus consist of (3)
obturator; femoral; sciatic
36
what does the sacral ventral rami consist of
pudendal, caudal rectal
37
pudendal nerve
S1-S4; sensory to anus and external genitalia; motor to perineal region mm
38
caudal rectal nerve
sensory to rectum and perineal skin; motor to coccygeus and levator ani
39
what does the pelvic plexus consist of
pelvic and hypogastric nerves
40
hypogastric nerve
L1-L4; relax bladder and erectile tissue; decrease GI motility
41
pelvic nerve
S1-S3; contract bladder; vasodilate erectile tissue; increase GI motility
42
what spinal nerve segments contribute to sciatic nerve
L6/7-S2
43
what spinal nerve segments contribute to the lumbosacral plexus
L4-S3; ventral branches
44
what muscle does the femoral nerve pass through (acts as a landmark to find it)
iliopsoas
45
describe the buck (male rabbit) repro system
vesicular gland, both kinds of prostate, bulbourethral gland, ampullary gland; the scrotum is cranial to the penis; functionally cryptorchid; musculocavernous penis
46
describe the tomcat repro system
ampullary gland; no vesicular gland; small bulbourethral gland; compact prostate; musculocavernous penis with keratin barbs; perineal scrotum
47
describe the stud (male dog) repro system
ampullary gland; no vesicular gland; compact prostate; no bulbourethral gland; intermediate scrotum; musculocavernous penis with an os penis
48
describe the ram repro system
all glands; only a diffuse prostate; inguinal scrotum; fibroelastic penis; spiral glans with a urethral process
49
describe the ox repro system
vesicular gland, bulbourethral gland, ampullary gland, both diffuse and compact prostate; fibroelastic penis with spiral glans; inguinal scrotum
50
describe the stallion repro system
vesicular gland, ampullary gland, bulbourethral gland, compact prostate only; intermediate scrotum; musculocavernous penis with double prepuce and corona of glans
51
where does the ductus deferens join the urethra
at the prostate gland
52
what drags the testes through the inguinal canal and ultimately connects them to the scrotum
gubernaculum
53
what is the network of veins within the testicles called
pampiniform plexus
54
what do the testicular vessels consist of
pampiniform plexus, testicular artery, testicular lymphatics
55
what is the external spermatic fascia
created by the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique
56
what is the cremastor muscle
continuation of the internal abdominal oblique
57
what is contained within the spermatic cord
ductus deferens, vaginal tunics, testicular vessels (pampiniform plexus, testicular artery, testicular lymphatics), testicular nerves, cremastor muscle
58
what part of the visceral vaginal tunic wraps around the ductus deferens
mesoductus
59
what part of the visceral vaginal tunic wraps around the testes and blood vessels
mesorchium
60
where are the corpus cavernosum located
dorsally; two tubes
61
the glans is composed entirely of
corpus spongiosum
62
the bulb of the penis is composed of
corpus spongiosum
63
the crus is composed of
corpus cavernosum
64
what surrounds corpus cavernosum
tunica albuginea
65
what are the two muscles of the penis
ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus
66
where is bulbospongiosus located
only around the bulb
67
what is ischiocavernosus located
around the crura of the penis
68
what is an important role of ischiocavernosus
prevents blood from leaving to maintain the erection
69
what is the term for the bulb of the glans (NOT the bulb of the penis)
bulbous glandis
70
what is the opening of the prepuce
preputial orifice
71
what are the three arteries of the penis
artery to bulb, deep artery (to corpus cavernosum) and dorsal artery (to glans) (+ obturator in equine, off of cranial gluteal)
72
what retracts the prepuce during an erection
preputial muscle (made of of cutaneous trunci)
73
what retracts the penis after an erection in species with a fibroelastic penis
retractor penis
74
what is the preputial ring in horses
consists of the urethra and the inner prepuce
75
what is the term for the space between the urethra and the glans in horses
fossa glandis
76
duplex uterus
two uteri, two cervixes, one vagina
77
bicornuate uterus
two horns, one large body, one cervix, one vagina
78
simplex uterus
no horns, one body, one cervix, one vagina
79
most veterinary species, excepting _____________, which have a __________ uterus, have a ___________ uterus
rabbits, duplex, bicornuate
80
what are three ligaments of the female repro system
suspensory ligament (of ovary), proper ligament (connects ovary to uterine horn), round ligament (gubernaculum equivalent)
81
the broad ligament can be separated into:
mesovarium (around ovaries); mesosalpinx (around uterine tube), mesometrium (around uterus)
82
the peritoneum surrounding the ovary is called the
ovarian bursa
83
in cows there is/are ____________ intercornual ligament(s) whereas in horses there is/are ______________ intercornual ligament(s)
cows have two (ventral and dorsal); horses have one
84
what structure allows us to feel the ovary and uterus on palpation
spiral uterine horns
85
the lactiferous sinus is composed of (2):
gland sinus and teat sinus
86
what exists between the teat and the udder
submucosal ring of veins
87
describe the path of milk on the way out of the udder
gland sinus -> submucosal ring of veins -> teat sinus -> teat canal (papillary duct)
88
what contributes to the milk vein
cranial and caudal superficial epigastric vein (they anastamose to form the milk vein)
89
when the milk vein enters the thorax where does it go
to the internal thoracic vein
90
what is another term for the mammary lymph node
superficial inguinal lymph node
91
in male animals, what are the superficial inguinal lymph nodes associated with
the penis
92
where is the deep inguinal lymph node located
along external iliac where it splits into deep femoral
93
what species does not have a subiliac (prefemoral) LN
dogs
94
what region does the sacral/ medial iliac LN drain
pelvic region/ pelvic limb
95
what region does the subiliac LN drain
mid flank to thigh
96
what region does the deep inguinal LN drain
thigh
