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Veterinary Anatomy > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

what are the regions of the abdomen

A

hypochondriac, xyphoid, umbilical, flank, inguinal, pubic

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2
Q

all abdominal muscles find their endpoint in the

A

linea alba

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3
Q

the linea alba runs from

A

the xiphoid to the cranial part of the pelvic symphysis

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4
Q

the main weight of the abdominal organs is carried by the

A

prepubic tendon

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5
Q

origin and insertion of external abdominal oblique

A

O: lateral surface of ribs and lumbar fascia
I: linea alba

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6
Q

origin and insertion of internal abdominal oblique

A

O: tuber coxa
I: linea alba

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7
Q

origin and insertion of transversus abdominis

A

O: transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
I: linea alba

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8
Q

origin and insertion of rectus abdominis

A

O: ventral surface of rib
I: pubic brim (via prepubic tendon)

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9
Q

the rectus sheath is made up of

A

the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, and transversus abdominis

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10
Q

iliopsoas is formed from

A

iliacus and psoas major

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11
Q

what vessels/nerves travel through the inguinal canal

A

external pudendal artery and vein, genitofemoral nerve, efferent vessels from the superficial inguinal lymph node

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12
Q

after exiting the superficial inguinal ring, where do the external pudendal vessels travel to? what about the spermatic cord (or vaginal process in the case of females)

A

towards the superficial inguinal LN; the spermatic cord will travel towards the scrotum

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13
Q

the superficial inguinal ring is made up of

A

the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique

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14
Q

the deep inguinal ring is bounded by

A

the internal abdominal oblique, the rectus abdominis, and the inguinal ligament

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15
Q

what is the inguinal ligament

A

the caudal edge of the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique

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16
Q

what are the arteries of the abdominal wall?

A

cranial superficial/deep epigastric a/v (off of internal thoracic)
caudal superficial/deep epigastric a/v (off of PG trunk)
lateral thoracic (off of axillary)
deep circumflex iliac (off of aorta)

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17
Q

name T13, L1, and L2 nerves

A

T13: costoabdominal
L1: iliohypogastric
L2: ilioinguinal

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18
Q

what nerve would you NOT block for standing flank surgery and why

A

L3: genitofemoral; if blocked the animal will lay down

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19
Q

the dorsal branches of T13-L5 innervate

A

epaxial muscles and skin of dorsal flank

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20
Q

the ventral branches of T13-L5 innervate

A

the abdominal muscles, skin of ventral flank, udder/scrotum

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21
Q

the greater omentum attaches

A

greater curvature of stomach to spleen and body wall

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22
Q

the lesser omentum attaches

A

lesser curvature of stomach to liver

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23
Q

the space between the greater and lesser omentum is called the

A

omental bursa

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24
Q

why is it that horses are more prone to peritonitis than other species

A

they have a poorly developed omentum, which has immune activity and is protective against adhesions

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25
Q

coronary ligament

A

liver to diaphragm

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26
Q

round ligament

A

edges of falciform ligament

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27
Q

falciform ligament

A

liver to ventral body wall

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28
Q

nephrosplenic ligament

A

spleen to LEFT kidney

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29
Q

triangular ligament

A

edges of liver to diaphragm

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30
Q

gastrosplenic ligament

A

part of the greater omentum connecting stomach to spleen

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31
Q

from esophagus to duodenum, what are the regions of stomach

A

cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

32
Q

what fold exists between the body and pylorus

A

angular incisures

33
Q

T/F the pancreas has two lobes

A

T

34
Q

what is the fold between the ileum and cecum

A

ileocecal fold

35
Q

what is the opening between the ileum and the colon

A

ileocolic orifice

36
Q

ilium vs ileum

A

ilium = part of the bony pelvis
ileum = in abdominal cavity

37
Q

the cecum is huge in _____ and __________ and small in _________ and _________

A

horse and rabbit; dog and cat

38
Q

the quadrate lobe of the liver lies between

A

the falciform ligament and the gallbladder

39
Q

the caudate lobe contacts

A

the RIGHT kidney

40
Q

where do the superficial and deep leaves of the greater omentum run in ruminants

A

superficial: from left side of (ventral sac of) rumen to duodenum
deep: from right side of (ventral sac of ) rumen to duodenum

41
Q

where does the lesser omentum run in ruminants

A

from the lesser curvature of the abomasum to the liver

42
Q

what is responsible for the bypass of milk during suckling and where is it located

A

the esophageal groove; bypasses milk into the abomasum

43
Q

what is in the ventral sac of the rumen and why

A

rumen papillae; absorb volatile fatty acids

44
Q

in the omasum; 1-4 indicates

A

1 being longest; 4 being shortest

45
Q

in ruminants, the dorsal trunk of vagus innervates

A

everything

46
Q

in ruminants, the ventral trunk of vagus innervates

A

reticulum, omasum, abomasum

47
Q

what is at the base of the rabbit cecum

A

sacculus rotundus

48
Q

what is at the apex of the rabbit cecum

A

caecal appendix (long and skinny)

49
Q

in the horse, the cecum is on the (right/left) side

A

right side (first exit = RVC)

50
Q

what type of colic produces sounds with peristalsis that sound like waves

A

sternal flexure sand colic

51
Q

what is the most common site of colic in horses

A

pelvic flexure (narrowest region)

52
Q

the dorsal part of the equine stomach (i.e. the fundus) is

A

non glandular

53
Q

the ventral part of the equine stomach (i.e. the body and pylorus) is

A

glandular

54
Q

what part of the equine stomach is prone to bot fly infestation and ulceration

A

the non-glandular region (i.e. the fundus)

55
Q

the margo plicatus separates what regions of the equine stomach

A

the fundus and the body

56
Q

the pancreatic duct and common bile duct open into the duodenum via the

A

minor duodenal papilla

57
Q

what is a common cause of splenic entrapment and colic in horses

A

the nephrosplenic ligament

58
Q

what happens in splenic entrapment

A

the ascending colon moves on top of the spleen; the spleen enlarges and becomes necrotic

59
Q

what is a clinical indication of jejunitis

A

when performing rectal palpation, you can feel the jejunum around the cecum; should not normally be in this location

60
Q

what are the three parts of the cecum

A

base, body, apex

61
Q

the cecocolic opening is usually (above/below) the ileocecal orifice

A

usually above; food coming in from the ileocecal orifice has to be broken down into smaller particles, which float and are then removed via the cecocolic opening

62
Q

the colic and right colic branches anastomose where in horses

A

at the pelvic flexure

63
Q

the pelvic flexure has how many taeniae

A

1

64
Q

the descending colon has how many taeniae

A

2

65
Q

what structures of the equine GI tract are palpable per rectum

A

descending colon and cecum

66
Q

which species does not have antimesentric ileal arteries

A

horses

67
Q

phrenicoabdominal arteries are only present in

A

carnivores

68
Q

which kidney is more cranial

A

right kidney

69
Q

where is the location of the terminal recess in horse kidneys

A

between the medulla layers

70
Q

what does the portal venous system drain

A

all GI tract, spleen and pancreas

71
Q

hepatic veins empty where

A

caudal vena cava, from the craniodorsal aspect of the liver

72
Q

what does the caudal vena cava drain

A

caudal rectum, non-GI abdominal organs, pelvis, hindlimbs

73
Q

azygous vein drains

A

cranial abdominal wall

74
Q

what three autonomic nerves plexuses exist in the abdomen/pelvis

A

celiacomesentric, caudal mesentric and pelvic plexus

75
Q

in animals besides ruminants, the dorsal trunk of the vagus supplies

A

stomach

76
Q

in animal besides ruminants, the ventral trunk of the vagus supplies

A

All GI to transverse colon

77
Q

the pelvic nerve supplies

A

descending colon, urogenital organs, pelvis

Veterinary Anatomy (16 decks)

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