Tarsus, Femur, Tibia and Fibula

Question 1

what is the name for the accessory tarsus bone

Answer 1

calcaneus

Question 2

T________ and C____________ make up the first of three rows for the tarsus bones

Answer 2

talus and calcaneus

Question 3

What is the knee joint called

Answer 3

Stifle

Question 4

What is the ankle joint called

Answer 4

Tarsus or hock

Question 5

What is the joint between the metatarsus and phalanges?

Answer 5

Metatarsophylangeal

Question 6

What is the joint between the phalanges?

Answer 6

Interphalangeal (proximal, PIP or distal, DIP)

Question 7

What is the foot posture of carnivores

Answer 7

Digitigrade

Question 8

What is the foot posture of horses

Answer 8

Unguligrade

Question 9

Does the tibia or fibula bear all weight

Answer 9

tibia (in both SA and LA)

Question 10

Why are there hindlimb differences between SA and LA

Answer 10

Much heavier weight of guts in LA due to grass diet

Question 11

What is one consequence of gut size in relation to the vertebral column in SA vs LA

Answer 11

Much more flexible vertebral column in SA; much more rigid vertebral column in LA

Question 12

What drives extension of the vertebral column

Answer 12

Iliocostalis, longissimus, and transversospinalis

Question 13

What drives flexion of the vertebral column

Answer 13

Iliopsoas, rectus abdominis, and abdominal obliques

Question 14

Why do animals have long skinny legs

Answer 14

Having the mass near the pivot point makes the leg easier to move (has to do with inertia)

Question 15

Do large animals have a longer or shorter femur relative to small animals? Why

Answer 15

Shorter; brings hip muscles closer to the body

Question 16

What is the role of calcaneus

Answer 16

Leverage for tarsal extension muscles

Question 17

How does the spring mechanism work in SA

Answer 17

Bounce off the tarsal/digital flexor muscles and use the tendons as springs

Question 18

How does the spring mechanism work in LA

Answer 18

Bounce off of metacarpophylangeal joints and use digital flexor tendons as springs

Question 19

Why is the radius/tibia prone to fracture

Answer 19

Long slim bones under a heavy bone; will fracture if additional force is added

Question 20

What is the shape of the femoral head in dogs and horses

Answer 20

Spheroidal

Question 21

What is the shape of the femoral head in cows

Answer 21

Elongated

Question 22

What is the labrum

Answer 22

Cartilage lip on the dorsal rim of the acetabulum; helps prevent subluxation of the femur

Question 23

What does the ligament of the head of the femur lie between

Answer 23

The acetabular fossa to the fovea of the femur

Question 24

What is the function of the ligament of the head of the femur

Answer 24

prevents lateral translation of the femur

Question 25

What is the role of the transverse acetabular ligament

Answer 25

Prevents ventral translation of the femur

Question 26

What species has an extra ligament and what is it

Answer 26

Accessory ligament; horse

Question 27

What is the origin of the accessory ligament

Answer 27

Pre-pubic tendon

Question 28

What part of the tarsus does the tibia/fibula articulate with

Answer 28

Talus

Question 29

What are the three joints of the tarsus

Answer 29

Tibiotarsal, intertarsal, tarsometatarsal

Question 30

What is the sustentaculum tali

Answer 30

Shelf of calcaneus; DDFT rests on it

Question 31

What is the term for the shelf of calcaneus

Answer 31

Sustentaculum tali

Question 32

What is the foot called

Answer 32

pes

Question 33

Where is the location of proximal sesamoid bones in the foot and what animals are they important for

Answer 33

At the metatarsophalangeal joint on the plantar aspect; important in ungulates

Question 34

Where is the location of distal sesamoid bones in the foot

Answer 34

At the junction of the second and third phalanges

Question 35

The tarsus has ______ rows of bones medially and _______ rows of bones laterally

Answer 35

3 rows of bones medially; 2 rows of bones laterally

Question 36

In horses, the metatarsophalangeal joint is called the

Answer 36

Fetlock

Question 37

In horses, the proximal interphalangeal joint is called the

Answer 37

Pastern joint

Question 38

In horses, the distal interphalangeal joint is called the

Answer 38

Coffin joint

Question 39

What is the name for the sesamoid bone only present in carnivores behind the stifle

Answer 39

Fabella

Question 40

Is the medial or lateral meniscus more likely to be injured and way

Answer 40

medial more likely; attached to the tibia; not as much room for movement during flexion/extension

Question 41

What direction does the cranial vs caudal cruciate ligament run in

Answer 41

Cranial: caudolateral femur to cranial tibia Caudal: craniomedial femur to caudal tibia

Question 42

What is the parapatellar cartilage

Answer 42

Cartilage over the medial aspect of the patella; helps lock the patella over the trochlea

Question 43

What species is parapatellar cartilage present in

Answer 43

Horse, ruminants

Question 44

What is the formation when the stay apparatus is locked

Answer 44

Parapatellar cartilage hooks over the medial ridge of the femur; medial ridge forced between the medial and middle patellar ligaments

Question 45

T/F the tibia and fibula are separate in carnivores

Answer 45

T