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Veterinary Anatomy > Tarsus, Femur, Tibia and Fibula > Flashcards

Tarsus, Femur, Tibia and Fibula Flashcards

1
Q

what is the name for the accessory tarsus bone

A

calcaneus

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2
Q

T________ and C____________ make up the first of three rows for the tarsus bones

A

talus and calcaneus

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3
Q

What is the knee joint called

A

Stifle

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4
Q

What is the ankle joint called

A

Tarsus or hock

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5
Q

What is the joint between the metatarsus and phalanges?

A

Metatarsophylangeal

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6
Q

What is the joint between the phalanges?

A

Interphalangeal (proximal, PIP or distal, DIP)

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7
Q

What is the foot posture of carnivores

A

Digitigrade

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8
Q

What is the foot posture of horses

A

Unguligrade

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9
Q

Does the tibia or fibula bear all weight

A

tibia (in both SA and LA)

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10
Q

Why are there hindlimb differences between SA and LA

A

Much heavier weight of guts in LA due to grass diet

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11
Q

What is one consequence of gut size in relation to the vertebral column in SA vs LA

A

Much more flexible vertebral column in SA; much more rigid vertebral column in LA

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12
Q

What drives extension of the vertebral column

A

Iliocostalis, longissimus, and transversospinalis

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13
Q

What drives flexion of the vertebral column

A

Iliopsoas, rectus abdominis, and abdominal obliques

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14
Q

Why do animals have long skinny legs

A

Having the mass near the pivot point makes the leg easier to move (has to do with inertia)

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15
Q

Do large animals have a longer or shorter femur relative to small animals? Why

A

Shorter; brings hip muscles closer to the body

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16
Q

What is the role of calcaneus

A

Leverage for tarsal extension muscles

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17
Q

How does the spring mechanism work in SA

A

Bounce off the tarsal/digital flexor muscles and use the tendons as springs

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18
Q

How does the spring mechanism work in LA

A

Bounce off of metacarpophylangeal joints and use digital flexor tendons as springs

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19
Q

Why is the radius/tibia prone to fracture

A

Long slim bones under a heavy bone; will fracture if additional force is added

20
Q

What is the shape of the femoral head in dogs and horses

A

Spheroidal

21
Q

What is the shape of the femoral head in cows

A

Elongated

22
Q

What is the labrum

A

Cartilage lip on the dorsal rim of the acetabulum; helps prevent subluxation of the femur

23
Q

What does the ligament of the head of the femur lie between

A

The acetabular fossa to the fovea of the femur

24
Q

What is the function of the ligament of the head of the femur

A

prevents lateral translation of the femur

25
Q

What is the role of the transverse acetabular ligament

A

Prevents ventral translation of the femur

26
Q

What species has an extra ligament and what is it

A

Accessory ligament; horse

27
Q

What is the origin of the accessory ligament

A

Pre-pubic tendon

28
Q

What part of the tarsus does the tibia/fibula articulate with

A

Talus

29
Q

What are the three joints of the tarsus

A

Tibiotarsal, intertarsal, tarsometatarsal

30
Q

What is the sustentaculum tali

A

Shelf of calcaneus; DDFT rests on it

31
Q

What is the term for the shelf of calcaneus

A

Sustentaculum tali

32
Q

What is the foot called

A

pes

33
Q

Where is the location of proximal sesamoid bones in the foot and what animals are they important for

A

At the metatarsophalangeal joint on the plantar aspect; important in ungulates

34
Q

Where is the location of distal sesamoid bones in the foot

A

At the junction of the second and third phalanges

35
Q

The tarsus has ______ rows of bones medially and _______ rows of bones laterally

A

3 rows of bones medially; 2 rows of bones laterally

36
Q

In horses, the metatarsophalangeal joint is called the

A

Fetlock

37
Q

In horses, the proximal interphalangeal joint is called the

A

Pastern joint

38
Q

In horses, the distal interphalangeal joint is called the

A

Coffin joint

39
Q

What is the name for the sesamoid bone only present in carnivores behind the stifle

A

Fabella

40
Q

Is the medial or lateral meniscus more likely to be injured and way

A

medial more likely; attached to the tibia; not as much room for movement during flexion/extension

41
Q

What direction does the cranial vs caudal cruciate ligament run in

A

Cranial: caudolateral femur to cranial tibia
Caudal: craniomedial femur to caudal tibia

42
Q

What is the parapatellar cartilage

A

Cartilage over the medial aspect of the patella; helps lock the patella over the trochlea

43
Q

What species is parapatellar cartilage present in

A

Horse, ruminants

44
Q

What is the formation when the stay apparatus is locked

A

Parapatellar cartilage hooks over the medial ridge of the femur; medial ridge forced between the medial and middle patellar ligaments

45
Q

T/F the tibia and fibula are separate in carnivores

A

T

Veterinary Anatomy (16 decks)

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