wounds and fracture managment

Question 1

where is the stage were veterinarians can intervene

Answer 1

debridement! macrophages are naturally in this stage

Question 2

what are the three stages of skin healing

Answer 2

inflammation
proliferation
maturation and remodeling

Question 3

what are the cells involved in the inflammation stage

Answer 3

neutrophils and macrophages

Question 4

what cell is incharge of the proliferation stage

Answer 4

fibroblasts lay down matrix and collagen

Question 5

why is proud flesh bad

Answer 5

epithelization cant occur

Question 6

when does the maturation and remodelling phase occur

Answer 6

around 14 days

Question 7

what is the difference between clean contaminated vs contaminated

Answer 7

clean contaminated- enter a luminal organ and no spillage

contaminated- fresh trauma or spillage from a luminal organ

Question 8

you find a wound. what do you do? (steps)

Answer 8

wear latex gloves, clip the hair, clean the wound, explore the wound (sterile if near joints), lavage, debride

Question 9

proper debridement is done how

Answer 9

with sharp excision of the entire wound.

Question 10

why is dead space bad

Answer 10

increases risk of infection and prevents apposition of tissue = healing

Question 11

what is the difference between delayed primary and secondary closure

Answer 11

delayed primary is done after days of lavage BEFORE granulation tissue

secondary is closed AFTER granulation tissue

Question 12

sheep with discolored wool, ADR, wool falling out

Answer 12

fly strike. myiasis

Question 13

treatment for fly strike

Answer 13

clip all fiber around area, catron to kill the maggots, clean, systemic antibiotics, pain meds catron daily until healed

Question 14

can you use triple antibiotic on food animals

Answer 14

yes but they are not approved in systemic food animal so keep them from licking

Question 15

the majority of food animal wounds are

Answer 15

iatrogenic

Question 16

what is the advantage of surgical dehorning over disbudding

Answer 16

it has shorter healing times and there is no open wound

Question 17

when is the age range for disbudding calves and goats

Answer 17

calves: less than 4 weeks
goats: less than 2 weeks

Question 18

disbudding

Answer 18

local block, hold for <5 seconds
ALUSPRAY

Question 19

what is something to remember about fracture healing in a ruminant

Answer 19

great bone healing potential. get bones in the same zip code and they will heal.

two toes split the load so its better than horse healing

Question 20

what three things decrease prognosis for a fracture

Answer 20

sepsis, nerve damage, and vascular trauma

Question 21

what type of fractures lead to a poor prognosis

Answer 21

proximal fractures in adults, open fractures, and articular fractures

Question 22

you want to fix a fracture with an internal fixation plate. what do you need to remember

Answer 22

can NEVER go to slaughter

Question 23

casting a bovine. what are main things to take away

Answer 23

change bandage often in growing animals, more layers if adults, okay to encase the hoof