cow fertility and repro general

Question 1

when is MROP

Answer 1

15-17 days after fertilization

Question 2

80% of embryonic deaths occur when? why does this matter

Answer 2

by day 17. these cows normally return to estrus and just appear open. so we dont know if they are infertile or they lost a pregnancy

Question 3

in high lactating dairy cows, what is the main cause of pregnancy loss

Answer 3

low progesterone. this is because it is metabolized by the liver because of the high milk demand they have. if it is low before ai then we have cystic follicles. if it is low after AI there is a histotroph deficiency, no MROP and the pregnancy cant be maintained

Question 4

if there is an infertility problem on the farm with increased cows open, what is the first step?

Answer 4

male BSE, then managment

Question 5

what is a repeat breeder in dairy

Answer 5

any cow that has not conceived after 3 or more AI

check timing, detection, and sperm handling

Question 6

infectious: low fertility rates, abortion in the first half of pregnancy

Answer 6

trichomoniasis

Question 7

how do we diagnosis trich

Answer 7

easiest and most accurate in the Bull, pcr of smegma or vaginal mucus

Question 8

pathopneumonic sign of trich in a cow. (not always seen)

Answer 8

post coital pyometra

Question 9

infectious: low fertility rates, early imbryonic death, irregular estrus cycles from local infammation

Answer 9

campy

Question 10

pathopneumonic sign of campylobacteriosis in a cow. (not always seen)

Answer 10

mucopurulent endometriosis (endometrial wall thickening)

Question 11

diagnosis of campylobacteriosis

Answer 11

pcr for a male or cervical swab

Question 12

vesiculitits, vulvovaginitis, cervicitis, balanoposthitis

Answer 12

molllicute infection or bovine herpesvirus (IBR)

Question 13

how to ddx venereal herpes and mollicute (mycoplasma) infection

Answer 13

can PCR. herpes has spontaneous recovery after 2 weeks and mollicutes you treat with abx so some people wait it out or give abx impirically.

vaccinate against IBR (herpes)

Question 14

you suspect lepto infertility and abortions. how do you confirm

Answer 14

serology and paired titers. look for >1:800 and an increase or maintainence of the high titer to diagnose the infection.

vaccinate!

Question 15

when do we diagnose histophilus somni as the cause of infertility

Answer 15

opportunistic so a diagnosis of exclusion or if you culture a vaginitis case and it is overwhelmingly h. somnus

Question 16

main noninfectious causes of infertility

Answer 16

> 102.2 rectal temp
endometritis pp from metritis
vitamin and mineral def
age, breed, BCS
management
bull problems

Question 17

treatment for pyometra (found at 30 d preg check)

Answer 17

prostaglandin to lyse CL and eject fluid, and time. may take multiple rounds of PGF to clear the CL

Question 18

cause of mucometra

Answer 18

physical blockage of the repro tract so the fluid cant drain.
common in dairy goats

not associated with pregnancy

Question 19

you palpate nodules on the uterus what is your main ddx

Answer 19

uterine lymphosarcoma from BLV infection

Question 20

what causes ovarian follicular cysts

Answer 20

low progesterone before AI. persists in the absence of CL . big ovary and small ovary

Question 21

what causes follicular cyst

Answer 21

follicle reaches ovulatory size but there is no LH surge to induce ovulation. why? low progesterone. P4 is needed to increase receptors so gnrh can act on the ant pituitary causing a release of LH

Question 22

most commonly recognized noninflammatory condition associated with infertility

Answer 22

free martinism. female does not have appropriate repro structures. rod test to confirm

Question 23

how many calves do you have to get to get a return on our investment

Answer 23

4-6 calves

Question 24

what is the goal when breeding heifers

Answer 24

get them to breed as early as possible. first 30 days

Question 25

how much do prewean calves gain a day

Answer 25

2 pounds

Question 26

what is the benefit of acclimated cattle

Answer 26

reach puberty earlier and have higher fertility rates

Question 27

what repro score do you cull

Answer 27

1. maybe 2

Question 28

what do we need to remember about implants

Answer 28

do not put them in young heifers. they permanently mess with fertility

Question 29

what is the target weight at breeding heifers

Answer 29

55-65% mature BW

Question 30

what is the benefit of lategain

Answer 30

need 5% less feed and can cull after repro scores and save money from feeding less.

Question 31

which is better gaining or losing to meet goal BCS

Answer 31

gaining is better. fat cows take longer to come back into cycling once they lose weight.

Question 32

number one selection marker for heifers

Answer 32

select heifers that become pregnant early

Question 33

what two things do genomics tell us

Answer 33

maternal traits and index scores (meat and feed efficiency)