cow fertility and repro general Flashcards
when is MROP
15-17 days after fertilization
80% of embryonic deaths occur when? why does this matter
by day 17. these cows normally return to estrus and just appear open. so we dont know if they are infertile or they lost a pregnancy
in high lactating dairy cows, what is the main cause of pregnancy loss
low progesterone. this is because it is metabolized by the liver because of the high milk demand they have. if it is low before ai then we have cystic follicles. if it is low after AI there is a histotroph deficiency, no MROP and the pregnancy cant be maintained
if there is an infertility problem on the farm with increased cows open, what is the first step?
male BSE, then managment
what is a repeat breeder in dairy
any cow that has not conceived after 3 or more AI
check timing, detection, and sperm handling
infectious: low fertility rates, abortion in the first half of pregnancy
trichomoniasis
how do we diagnosis trich
easiest and most accurate in the Bull, pcr of smegma or vaginal mucus
pathopneumonic sign of trich in a cow. (not always seen)
post coital pyometra
infectious: low fertility rates, early imbryonic death, irregular estrus cycles from local infammation
campy
pathopneumonic sign of campylobacteriosis in a cow. (not always seen)
mucopurulent endometriosis (endometrial wall thickening)
diagnosis of campylobacteriosis
pcr for a male or cervical swab
vesiculitits, vulvovaginitis, cervicitis, balanoposthitis
molllicute infection or bovine herpesvirus (IBR)
how to ddx venereal herpes and mollicute (mycoplasma) infection
can PCR. herpes has spontaneous recovery after 2 weeks and mollicutes you treat with abx so some people wait it out or give abx impirically.
vaccinate against IBR (herpes)
you suspect lepto infertility and abortions. how do you confirm
serology and paired titers. look for >1:800 and an increase or maintainence of the high titer to diagnose the infection.
vaccinate!
when do we diagnose histophilus somni as the cause of infertility
opportunistic so a diagnosis of exclusion or if you culture a vaginitis case and it is overwhelmingly h. somnus
main noninfectious causes of infertility
> 102.2 rectal temp
endometritis pp from metritis
vitamin and mineral def
age, breed, BCS
management
bull problems
treatment for pyometra (found at 30 d preg check)
prostaglandin to lyse CL and eject fluid, and time. may take multiple rounds of PGF to clear the CL
cause of mucometra
physical blockage of the repro tract so the fluid cant drain.
common in dairy goats
not associated with pregnancy
you palpate nodules on the uterus what is your main ddx
uterine lymphosarcoma from BLV infection
what causes ovarian follicular cysts
low progesterone before AI. persists in the absence of CL . big ovary and small ovary
what causes follicular cyst
follicle reaches ovulatory size but there is no LH surge to induce ovulation. why? low progesterone. P4 is needed to increase receptors so gnrh can act on the ant pituitary causing a release of LH
most commonly recognized noninflammatory condition associated with infertility
free martinism. female does not have appropriate repro structures. rod test to confirm
how many calves do you have to get to get a return on our investment
4-6 calves
what is the goal when breeding heifers
get them to breed as early as possible. first 30 days
