Worms Flashcards
Diphyllobothrium latum: Transmission and Intermediate/difinitive host
Transmission: Ingestion of undercooked cooked freshwater fish containing the infective pleurocercoid. Intermediate host: Copepod and freshwater fish Difinitive host: Humans
Which organism causes the following clinical disease: Pretty minor, digestive upset, abdominal discomfort, weight loss, and weakness. Pernicious anemia can develop in cases where worms attach in the upper small intestine (out competes for B12)
Diphyllobothrium latum
This is the largest tapeworm in humans
Diphyllobothrium latum
Taenia Solium: Transmission and Intermediate/difinitive host
Transmission: Ingestion of undercooked pork infected with cysticercus causes GI infection. Fecal/oral ingestion of eggs can cause intermediate host infection of brain (cysticercosis). Intermediate host: Pigs. Difinitive host: Humans
Cysticersosis is caused by infection with what organsim
Taenia Solium
Taenia Solium: Morphology (# of suckers, # of hooks, # of uterine branches)
Scolex with 4 suckers, double row of hooks, gravid proglottids <12 uterine branches
Taenia Saginata: Transmission and Intermediate/difinitive host
Transmission: Ingestion of undercooked beef infected with cysticercus causes GI infection. Intermediate host: Cows. Difinitive host: Humans
Taenia Solium & Taenia Saginata: Clinical disease
Few symptoms including abdominal discomfort, mild irritation of the intestinal mucosa from adult worm, and discomfort of the proglottids crawling out of the anus
Taenia Saginata: Morphology (# of suckers, # of hooks, # of uterine branches)
Scolex with 4 suckers, no hooks, gravid proglottids >12 uterine branches
The clinical disease of this organism includes: Cutaneous-little reaction. Repeat infection can cause allergic response. Pulmonary effects include coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing. Abdominal effects include pain, diarrhea, indigestion, and nausea possibly mimicking an ulcer. Hyperinfection in immunocompromised patients can lead to disseminated infection that can result in death due to sepsis
Strongyloides stercoralis
Strongyloides stercoralis: Intermediate (reservoir) host and difinitive host
Intermediate (reservoir): Cats and dogs. Difinitive host: Humans
This organism can continually autoinfect the human host causing a chronic infection in immunocompromised patients that can last decades
Strongyloides stercoralis
This organism is microscopic in the adult form and would be found buried in the submucosa of the intestine but is barely ever seen
Strongyloides stercoralis
Necator americanus & Ancylostoma duodenale: Transmission and life cylce
Transmission: Skin contact with soil. Life cycle: Rhabditiform larvae develop into filariform larvae in the soil. Filariform enters skin, is carried to heart and lungs by blood, enters the alveoli, migrates to trachea and is swallowed, matures into adult in the intestine
Necator americanus & Ancylostoma duodenale: Clinical disease
Cutaneous phase: Ground itch. Pulmonary phase: Pneumonitis. Intestinal phase: Iron deficiency anemia
Which organisms are transmitted by penetrating the skin
Necator americanus & Ancylostoma duodenale
Enterobium vermicularis: Clinical disease
Perianal itching, behavioral changes (insomnia and irritability)
This is the world’s most common parasite. It most commonly affects children
Enterobium vermicularis
This organism can cause bowel obstruction if large number of worms are present (worm ball)
Ascaris lumbricoides
Ascaris lumbricoides: Transmission and life cylce
Transmission: Eggs are ingested. Life cylce: Larvae develop within the egg. When egg is ingested, the larvae penetrate the gut an travel to liver->lung->trache->esophagus. They are swallowed and become adults in the intestine
Ascaris lumbricoides: Clinical disease
Pneumonitis when larvae migrate through tissue, bowel obstruction (worm ball), abnormal migration is possible and may cause inflammation in affected tissues.
Eggs from this organism can get stuck in the portal system, causing portal hypertension and splenomegaly
Schistosoma
Which organism is associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder
Schistosoma haematobium
What is the treatment of Schistosomiasis
Praziquantel
What is the treatment for Diphyllobothrium latum
Praziquantel
What is the treatment for Taenia Solium infection?
What is the treatment for neurocysticercosis?
Praziquantel
Praziquantel + Bendazoles
Infection with what occurs from ingestion of eggs from dog feces
Echinococcus
Which three nematodes (Roundworms) infect via the oral route
“EAT”
Enterobius Vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Trichinella spiralis
Which three nematodes (Roundworms) infect via penetration of skin
“SANd”
Strongyloides Stercoralis, Ancylostoma duodenale (old world hookworm), and Necator americanus (new world hookworm)
This organism is associated with elephantiasis
Wuchereria bancrofti
What can be used to treat the oral and skin-penetrating nematodes (roundworms)
Bendazoles (Pyrantel Pamoate treats all but Strongyloides Stercoralis which is is treated with Albendazole or Ivermectin)
What are the 3 trematodes (flukes) that cause infection in humans?
What are they treated with?
Schistosoma, Clonorchis sinensis, and Paragonimus westermani
Praziquantel
What is the mode of transmission of Clonorchis sinensis?
Undercooked fish
What is the route of transmission of Paragonimus westermani?
Undercooked crab meat
What organism is associated with cholangiocarcinoma?
Clonorchis sinensis
Brain cysts, seizures
Taenia Solium
Liver cysts
Echinococcus granulosus
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Diphyllobothrium latum
Biliary tract disease, cholangiocarcinoma
Clonorchis sinensis
Hemoptysis
Paragonimus westermani
Portal hypertension
Schistosoma mansoni
Hematuria, bladder cancer
Schistosoma haematobium
Microcytic anemia
Ancylostoma, Necator
Perianal pruritis
Enterobius
