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High Yield > Worms > Flashcards

Worms Flashcards

1
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Transmission and Intermediate/difinitive host

A

Transmission: Ingestion of undercooked cooked freshwater fish containing the infective pleurocercoid. Intermediate host: Copepod and freshwater fish Difinitive host: Humans

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2
Q

Which organism causes the following clinical disease: Pretty minor, digestive upset, abdominal discomfort, weight loss, and weakness. Pernicious anemia can develop in cases where worms attach in the upper small intestine (out competes for B12)

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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3
Q

This is the largest tapeworm in humans

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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4
Q

Taenia Solium: Transmission and Intermediate/difinitive host

A

Transmission: Ingestion of undercooked pork infected with cysticercus causes GI infection. Fecal/oral ingestion of eggs can cause intermediate host infection of brain (cysticercosis). Intermediate host: Pigs. Difinitive host: Humans

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5
Q

Cysticersosis is caused by infection with what organsim

A

Taenia Solium

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6
Q

Taenia Solium: Morphology (# of suckers, # of hooks, # of uterine branches)

A

Scolex with 4 suckers, double row of hooks, gravid proglottids <12 uterine branches

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7
Q

Taenia Saginata: Transmission and Intermediate/difinitive host

A

Transmission: Ingestion of undercooked beef infected with cysticercus causes GI infection. Intermediate host: Cows. Difinitive host: Humans

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8
Q

Taenia Solium & Taenia Saginata: Clinical disease

A

Few symptoms including abdominal discomfort, mild irritation of the intestinal mucosa from adult worm, and discomfort of the proglottids crawling out of the anus

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9
Q

Taenia Saginata: Morphology (# of suckers, # of hooks, # of uterine branches)

A

Scolex with 4 suckers, no hooks, gravid proglottids >12 uterine branches

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10
Q

The clinical disease of this organism includes: Cutaneous-little reaction. Repeat infection can cause allergic response. Pulmonary effects include coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing. Abdominal effects include pain, diarrhea, indigestion, and nausea possibly mimicking an ulcer. Hyperinfection in immunocompromised patients can lead to disseminated infection that can result in death due to sepsis

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

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11
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Intermediate (reservoir) host and difinitive host

A

Intermediate (reservoir): Cats and dogs. Difinitive host: Humans

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12
Q

This organism can continually autoinfect the human host causing a chronic infection in immunocompromised patients that can last decades

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

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13
Q

This organism is microscopic in the adult form and would be found buried in the submucosa of the intestine but is barely ever seen

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

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14
Q

Necator americanus & Ancylostoma duodenale: Transmission and life cylce

A

Transmission: Skin contact with soil. Life cycle: Rhabditiform larvae develop into filariform larvae in the soil. Filariform enters skin, is carried to heart and lungs by blood, enters the alveoli, migrates to trachea and is swallowed, matures into adult in the intestine

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15
Q

Necator americanus & Ancylostoma duodenale: Clinical disease

A

Cutaneous phase: Ground itch. Pulmonary phase: Pneumonitis. Intestinal phase: Iron deficiency anemia

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16
Q

Which organisms are transmitted by penetrating the skin

A

Necator americanus & Ancylostoma duodenale

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17
Q

Enterobium vermicularis: Clinical disease

A

Perianal itching, behavioral changes (insomnia and irritability)

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18
Q

This is the world’s most common parasite. It most commonly affects children

A

Enterobium vermicularis

19
Q

This organism can cause bowel obstruction if large number of worms are present (worm ball)

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

20
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Transmission and life cylce

A

Transmission: Eggs are ingested. Life cylce: Larvae develop within the egg. When egg is ingested, the larvae penetrate the gut an travel to liver->lung->trache->esophagus. They are swallowed and become adults in the intestine

21
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Clinical disease

A

Pneumonitis when larvae migrate through tissue, bowel obstruction (worm ball), abnormal migration is possible and may cause inflammation in affected tissues.

22
Q

Eggs from this organism can get stuck in the portal system, causing portal hypertension and splenomegaly

A

Schistosoma

23
Q

Which organism is associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder

A

Schistosoma haematobium

24
Q

What is the treatment of Schistosomiasis

A

Praziquantel

25
Q

What is the treatment for Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Praziquantel

26
Q

What is the treatment for Taenia Solium infection?

What is the treatment for neurocysticercosis?

A

Praziquantel

Praziquantel + Bendazoles

27
Q

Infection with what occurs from ingestion of eggs from dog feces

A

Echinococcus

28
Q

Which three nematodes (Roundworms) infect via the oral route

A

“EAT”

Enterobius Vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Trichinella spiralis

29
Q

Which three nematodes (Roundworms) infect via penetration of skin

A

“SANd”

Strongyloides Stercoralis, Ancylostoma duodenale (old world hookworm), and Necator americanus (new world hookworm)

30
Q

This organism is associated with elephantiasis

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

31
Q

What can be used to treat the oral and skin-penetrating nematodes (roundworms)

A

Bendazoles (Pyrantel Pamoate treats all but Strongyloides Stercoralis which is is treated with Albendazole or Ivermectin)

32
Q

What are the 3 trematodes (flukes) that cause infection in humans?
What are they treated with?

A

Schistosoma, Clonorchis sinensis, and Paragonimus westermani

Praziquantel

33
Q

What is the mode of transmission of Clonorchis sinensis?

A

Undercooked fish

34
Q

What is the route of transmission of Paragonimus westermani?

A

Undercooked crab meat

35
Q

What organism is associated with cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Clonorchis sinensis

36
Q

Brain cysts, seizures

A

Taenia Solium

37
Q

Liver cysts

A

Echinococcus granulosus

38
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

39
Q

Biliary tract disease, cholangiocarcinoma

A

Clonorchis sinensis

40
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Paragonimus westermani

41
Q

Portal hypertension

A

Schistosoma mansoni

42
Q

Hematuria, bladder cancer

A

Schistosoma haematobium

43
Q

Microcytic anemia

A

Ancylostoma, Necator

44
Q

Perianal pruritis

A

Enterobius

High Yield (34 decks)

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