Brain&Spinal Cord Lesions

Question 1

aphasia (dominant hemisphere), neglect (non-dominant hemisphere), contralateral paresis and sensory loss in the face and arm, gaze preference toward side of lesion, homonymous hemianopsia.

Answer 1

MCA stroke

Question 2

contralateral paresis and sensory loss in legs, cognitive or personality changes

Answer 2

ACA stroke

Question 3

homonymous hemianopsia, memory deficits, dyslexia/alexia

Answer 3

PCA stroke

Question 4

coma, “locked-in” syndrome, cranial nerve palsies (like diplopia), apnea, visual sx, drop attacks, dysphagia, dysarthria, vertigo, “crossed” weakness and sensory loss affecting ipsilateral face and contralateral body

Answer 4

Basilar artery

Question 5

pure motor or sensory stroke, dysarthria - clumsy hand syndrome, ataxia hemiparesis

Answer 5

Basal ganglia lacunar

Question 6

Kluver-Bucy syndrome (hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibitied behavior)

Answer 6

Amygdala (bilateral)

Question 7

disinhibition and deficits in concetration, orientation and judgement, may have reemergence of primitive reflexes

Answer 7

Frontal lobe

Question 8

spatial neglect (agnosia of the contralateral side of world)

Answer 8

Right parietal lobe

Question 9

reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness (like coma)

Answer 9

Reticular activating system (midbrain)

Question 10

Wernicke-Karsakoff syndrome; Wernicke (thiamine deficiency) - confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia; Korsakoff - memory loss confabulation, personality changes

Answer 10

Mammilary bodies (bilateral)

Question 11

may result in tremor at rest, chorea, athetosis

Answer 11

Basal ganglia

Question 12

intention tremor, limb ataxia, all ipsilateral deficits, fall toward side of lesion

Answer 12

Cerebellum

Question 13

contralateral hemiballismus

Answer 13

Subthalamic nucleus

Question 14

anterograde amnesia - inability to make new memories

Answer 14

Hippocampus

Question 15

contralateral loss of pain and temperature; ipsilateral dysphagia, hoarseness, decreased gag reflex, vertigo, diplopia, nystagmus, vomiting, ipsilateral Horners; ipsilateral facial pain and temp, ipsilateral ataxia

Answer 15

PICA occlusion

Question 16

ipsilateral facial paralysis, ipsilateral cochleaer nucleus, vestibular (nystagmus), ipsilateral facial pain and temp, ipsilateral dystaxia (MCP, ICP)

Answer 16

AICA occlusion- lateral inferior pontine syndrome

Question 17

most common site of circle of willis aneurysm; visual field deficits

Answer 17

Anterior communicating artery damage

Question 18

2nd common area of aneurysm in circle of willis, CN III palsy (eye is down and out)

Answer 18

Poster communicating artery damage

Question 19

bilateral loss of pain and temp (Spinothalamic tract) and motor function (LCST)

Answer 19

Anterior cord syndrome

Question 20

bilateral loss of pressure, vibration, fine touch, prioprioception (DCML)

Answer 20

Posterior cord syndrome

Question 21

bilateral loss of pain and temperature (hits crossing fibers of Spinothalamic tract) at specific dermatome level

Answer 21

Syringomyelia

Question 22

contralateral loss of pain and temp (Spinothalamic); ipsilateral weakness (LCST) and PPTV (DCML)

Answer 22

Hemicord lesion - Brown-Sequard

Question 23

Other names for PICA occlusion

Answer 23

lateral medullary syndrome, Wallenberg’s syndrome