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High Yield > Antidotes > Flashcards

Antidotes Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen

A

N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)

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2
Q

Salicylates

A

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3): Aspirin is acidic and so by giving sodium bicarbonate, you are making the urine more basic. Acidic drugs get trapped in basic urine, thus more aspirin gets excreted

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3
Q

Amphetamines

A

Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl): makes urine more acidic to trap basic drugs such as amphetamines

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4
Q

Organophosphates

A

Pralidoxime + Atropine (atropine will reverse the cholinergic symptoms)

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5
Q

Atropine

A

Physostigmine

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6
Q

Beta blockers

A

Glucagon (could also give Atropine and Ca)

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7
Q

Digitalis

A

Lidocaine, Anti-toxin Fab (Not often used), Mg++, Normalize K+

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8
Q

Lead

A

CaEDTA or Succimer (first Aid puts dimercaperol here instead of Succimer): 1st line treatment used if you need to chelate the lead
Dimercaperol + Succimer: used in kids with very high levels of lead that needs to be chelated

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9
Q

Mercury, arsenic, gold

A

Dimercaperol

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10
Q

Copper, arsenic, gold

A

Penicillamine

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11
Q

Cyanide

A

Nitrite (Amyl nitrite) converts hemoglobin to methemoglobin which has a high affinity for cyanide and prevents cyanide from binding to mitochondrial enzymes.

Thiosulfate (Sodium thiosulfate) combines with cyanide to form less-toxic thiocyanate which is excreted in urine.

Hydroxocobalamin binds cyanide to form the harmless cyanocobalamin form of vitamin B12

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12
Q

Methemoglobin

A

Methylene blue, vitamin C

Cimetidine can be used to gradually lower methemoglobin levels. This, it can be administered concurrently with long term use of drugs that cause methemoglobin formation (such as nitrates/nitrites, dapsone, sulfonamides, etc)

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13
Q

CO

A

100% O2, Hyperbaric O2

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14
Q

Methanol

A

Fomepizole (>ethanol), dialysis

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15
Q

Ethylene Glycol

A

Fomepizole (>ethanol), dialysis

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16
Q

Opiods

A

Naloxone (acutely), naltrexone (long term)

17
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Flumazenil

18
Q

TCAs

A

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) - TCAs are acidic so sodium bicarb alkalinizes urine and traps TCAs in the urine

19
Q

Heparin

A

Protamine

20
Q

Warfarin

A

Vitamin K (Gradual effect), Fresh frozen plasma (for rapid reversal)

21
Q

tPA, streptokinase, urokinase

A

Aminocaproic acid

22
Q

Theophylline

A

B-blocker

23
Q

Phenobarbital

A

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

24
Q

Methotrexate

A

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

25
Q

Iron

A

Deferoxamine or deferasirox

26
Q

Iron

A

Deferoxamine or deferasirox

High Yield (34 decks)

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