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World Wars Flashcards

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0
Q

this republic was the very unpopular German government formed after the loss of World War I

A

Weimar

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1
Q

Hitler was willing to go to war to gain additional territory

A

lebensraum

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2
Q

Germany’s plan to attack France quickly through Belgium

A

Schlieffen plan

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3
Q

the Night of ______ resulted in the deaths of nearly 100 Jews and the damage or destruction of thousands of Jewish businesses and synagogues

A

Broken glass

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4
Q

the spark which set of WWI

A

assassination

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5
Q

a system of labor camps in Siberia

A

gulag

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6
Q

the area between opposing trenches

A

no man’s land

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7
Q

a cease-fire or truce between warring nations

A

armistice

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8
Q

to justify this invasion, Japan blew up a section of Japanese railway and blamed China

A

Manchuria

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9
Q

a strong devotion to one’s own group or culture

A

nationalism

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10
Q

the attempt by a government to control all aspects of life

A

totalitarianism

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11
Q

giving in to aggressive demands in order to maintain peace

A

appeasement

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12
Q

its sinking in May 1925 caused public opinion in the US to turn against Germany

A

Lusitania

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13
Q

Chinese Communists journey to find a safe place in western China

A

long march

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14
Q

German term for the annexation of Austria

A

Anschluss

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15
Q

the deliberate destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group

A

genocide

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16
Q

Italian forces invaded this African nation in 1935

A

Ethiopia

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17
Q

Hitler met with French and British leaders at Munich in September 1938 in order to annex part of

A

Czechoslovakia

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18
Q

The British used a new technology in the Battle for Britain

A

radar

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19
Q

the federal government’s limitation on the distribution of certain foods, clothing, and gasoline

A

rationing

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20
Q

While in prison, Hitler wrote the book Mein Kampf

A

my struggle

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21
Q

when investors borrow money from stockbrokers in order to purchase stocks

A

buying on margin

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22
Q

some 300,000 Allied troops were rescued in the evacuation of this French port

A

Dunkirk

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23
Q

information designed to influence people’s opinions in order to support the war effort

A

propaganda

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24
Q

when the government makes all major decisions about the production of goods

A

centralized planning

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25
Q

Japanese pilots who loaded their planes with explosives and deliberately crashed into Allied ships

A

kamikazes

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26
Q

the desire to avoid involvement in the affairs of another nation

A

isolationism

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27
Q

US president FDR called the attack on Pearl Harbor a day that will live in -

A

infamy

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28
Q

a secret message from Germany promising Mexico the return of the land she had lost to the US

A

Zimmerman note

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29
Q

at least 100,000 Chinese civilians were killed by Japanese invaders in 1937

A

Nanjing Massacre

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30
Q

the battle saved the city of Paris and halted the German advance in France

A

Marne

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31
Q

a totalitarian system based on extreme nationalism founded by Benito Mussolini

A

Fascism

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32
Q

FDR’s program to increase government spending and to create new laws regulating the stock market and banking system

A

new deal

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33
Q

“Lightning War” which creates panic and overwhelms resistance

A

Blitzkrieg

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34
Q

treaty that ended WWI

A

Versailles

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35
Q

the allied invasion of France on D-Day landed on these beaches

A

normandy

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36
Q

the first atomic bomb dropped in a war setting was dropped by the US on this city

A

Hiroshima

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37
Q

the British prime minister who believed that the Munich Pact with Hitler would create “peace in our time”

A

Neville Chamberlain

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38
Q

Elected president of the US in 1916 on the slogan “he kept us out of war”
called for the establishment of a League of Nations

A

Woodrow Wilson

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39
Q

charismatic leader who became German chancellor in 1933

the “Fuhrer”

A

Adolph Hitler

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40
Q

the dictator of Spain after the Spanish Civil War ended in the 1930’s

A

Francisco Franco

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41
Q

Replaced Lenin as Soviet Leader in 1924

his “Great Purge” eliminated thousands of enemies

A

Joseph Stalin

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42
Q

Indian leader who practiced non-violence toward living things and civil disobedience to injustice

A

Mohandas Gandhi

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43
Q

“Hatchet man” for the Bolshevik party in their early years

negotiated the peace with Germany

A

Leon Trotsky

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44
Q

Appointed by the Duma to lead Russia’s provisional government in Feb 1917

A

Alexander Kerensky

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45
Q

led the Chinese Communist Party during the Chinese Civil War

A

Mao Zedong

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46
Q

became the new prime minister of Great Britain in May 1940, saying he could bring nothing but “blood, toil, tears, and sweat”

A

Winston Churchill

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47
Q

the Allied invasion on D-Day was largely planned by this American general

A

Dwight David Eisenhower

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48
Q

led a small number of American and Filipino troops in a doomed defense of the Philippines

A

Douglas MacArthur

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49
Q

US president who favored a minimal government response to the 1920’s economic crisis

A

Herbert Hoover

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50
Q

Leader of France in WWI who wanted a buffer zone between France and Germany

A

Georges Clemenceau

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51
Q

Idealist, leader of the Bolshevik party, considered the father of the Russian revolution

A

Vladimir Lenin

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52
Q

Self-proclaimed holy man and healer who became Czarina Alexandra’s personal advisor

A

Gregory Rasputin

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53
Q

the German doctor responsible for cruel medical experiments on concentration camp prisoners

A

Joseph Mengele

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54
Q

leader of Great Britain in WWI who wanted the German navy destroyed

A

David Lloyd George

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55
Q

his “March on Rome” brought him to power in 1922

Il Duce

A

Benito Mussolini

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56
Q

US president who decided to drop the atomic bomb to force Japan to surrender

A

Harry Truman

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57
Q

Maximilian Kolbe was a

A

priest

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58
Q

To Adolph Hitler, the Jews and Slavik people were Untermenschen or

A

sub-humans

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59
Q

When Kolbe offered to replace another prisoner, he asked to replace the one who had…

A

a wife and children

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60
Q

In the starvation cell, Kolbe led the other prisoners in

A

singing hymns

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61
Q

According to the author of the article, what Kolbe did resulted from

A

what he was - a lifelong follower of Christ

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62
Q

The documentary was prepared by Elie Wiesel, a man who had

A

been imprisoned himself in a German concentration camp

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63
Q

The first interview is with a woman who had been saved when she was seven years old from a German roundup of Jews in

A

Paris

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64
Q

the girl finally felt safe when she reached

A

the entrance to the subway

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65
Q

The second interview (of the lady in the white lab coat) is of a “Righteous Gentile” from the city of

A

Amsterdam

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66
Q

This lady was hiding a father and three children. When the local sheriff returned and caught them, she

A

pulled out a pistol and killed the sheriff

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67
Q

The third interview (of the lady in red) was of a cook and housekeeper who hid 12 Jews

A

in the cellar of the house of a major in the Gestapo

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68
Q

When she was discovered with some of the Jews she was hiding, what was her first response?

A

they are my friends

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69
Q

the fourth interview was with a boy who, as a teenager, had been hidden in a

A

monastery

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70
Q

when he was stopped by the Gestapo, the local village elder actually vouched for him and

A

paid the fine the Gestapo assessed him

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71
Q

The sixth interview was with the Trocme family, who saved thousands who came through their small village in

A

France

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72
Q

The mother said there will be many decisions in your future requiring courage, but the decision will always be primarily about

A

who you are

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73
Q

A desire ________ was the primary cause for the military buildup during the late 1800s-1900s

A

protect overseas colonies from other nations

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74
Q

an informal promise to cooperate between France, Russia, and Great Britain

A

Triple Entente

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75
Q

a partnership between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

A

Triple Alliance

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76
Q

the most visible power struggle during WWI time was where

A

in the Balkans

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77
Q

the assassination of __ of __ was the spark that set off the Great War

A

Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary

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78
Q

the assassination took place in the city of

A

Sarajevo

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79
Q

The assassin was a young Serb named

A

Gavrilo Princip

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80
Q

After Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia ________ began mobilizing to fulfill her promise to support Serbia in case of attack

A

Russia

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81
Q

Germany faced a two front war with

A

Russia to the east

France to the west

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82
Q

Germany’s quick sweep led ______ to enter the war to defend a neutral country

A

Great Britain

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83
Q

made up the Central Powers

A

Germany and Austria-Hungary

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84
Q

made up the Allied Powers

A

Great Britain
France
Russia
Serbia

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85
Q

stopped the Russian invasion of Germany

A

Battle of Tannenberg

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86
Q

after retreating in the Marne, the Germans ________ in order to hold their positions

A

dug a series of trenches

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87
Q

5 new weapons used during WWI

A 
poison gas
rapid-fire machine guns
artillery
tanks
fighter planes
high-explosive shells
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88
Q

the reorganization of a nation’s society in order to focus all national resources on the war effort

A

Total War

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89
Q

In May 1915, ____ entered the war and attacked the southern border of Austria

A

Italy

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90
Q

The German assault on the French fortress of ________ was intended to bleed France white, but ended up costing nearly as many German lives as it did the French

A

Verdun

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91
Q

The British attack in along the ______, intended to pull German troops from Verdun but ended in stalemate

A

Somme River

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92
Q

Allied forces tried to take control of the Dardanelles by landing on the _____ but troops from _______ remained in command of the strait

A

Gallipoli peninsula

Ottoman Empire

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93
Q

Beginning in the spring of 1915, Ottoman leaders began removing _______ from the Caucasus Mountain region, claiming they were assisting the Russians_____died from starvation and violence

A

Armenians

600,000

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94
Q

a group of radical Marxist elites who desired to lead a revolution and keep much of the power in Russia
“majority”

A

Bolsheviks

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95
Q

March 8, 1917 __________ was the scene of citizen revolts protesting the lack of food and fuel

A

Petrograd

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96
Q

Nicholas ordered the _____ to disband, but they defied his order

A

Duma

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97
Q

On March 15, Nicholas was forced to ________ as czar

A

abdicate

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98
Q

the revolution with petrograd and Nicholas was called the _____ and why?

A

February Revolution

Russian calendar is different

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99
Q

The provisional government planned to ______ WWI, even though most Russians were thoroughly tired of the war

A

continue fighting

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100
Q

2 goals of the Bolsheviks

A

abolish private property

enforce social equality

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101
Q

considered the Father of the Russian Revolution

A

Vladimir Lenin

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102
Q

arranged Lenin’s return to Russia, hoping to stir unrest and weaken the war effort there

A

Germany

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103
Q

In November 1917, ______ took control of government buildings and forced the Kerensky government to flee

A

Red Guard

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104
Q

what was the Red Guard

A

armed Bolshevik factory workers

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105
Q

Lenin sent ______ to negotiate peace with the Central Powers

A

Leon Trotsky

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106
Q

Opponents of the Bolsheviks organized what was called ______ and fought against the Red Army in a 3 year civil war

A

White Army

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107
Q

In 1921, Lenin introduced the ________ which permitted some private enterprise in order to encourage food production

A

New Economic Policy

NEP

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108
Q

was made in 1922 from some lands that had been part of the Russian empire

A

The Union of Soviet Socialist Repubics

USSR

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109
Q

was re-elected president of the US in 1916 using the slogan “He kept us out of war”

A

Woodrow Wilson

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110
Q

3 reasons the US entered the war in 1917

A

German U-boats were sinking American ships
the Zimmerman telegram
Allies owed the US a great deal of money

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111
Q

the German policy of ____ meant that neither merchant vessels nor passenger ships were safe in the waters around Great Britain

A

unrestricted submarine warfare

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112
Q

Germany approached the Allies seeking _____ in October 1917

A

armistice

113
Q

Peace terms were agreed to on

A

November 11, 1918

114
Q

Leader of US with 2 point policy

A

Woodrow Wilson
14 points adapted
sacrificed everything for League of Nations

115
Q

Leader of France and 2 major goals

A

Georges Clemenceau
buffer zone between France and Germany
Germany impoverished by reparations

116
Q

Leader of Great Britain with 2 major goals

A

David Lloyd George
Germany’s navy destroyed
Germany to pay all war costs

117
Q

4 decisions of the Peace Conference

A

Germany assumed total “war guilt”
Germany paid reparations of $31 billion
Germany lost vital industrial territory (buffer zone of Alsace-Lorraine)
League of Nations is formed

118
Q

Why was the League of Nations formed?

A

to encourage international cooperation and to keep peace between nations

119
Q

Former Ottoman territories became _____, or territories to be ruled by European powers

A

mandates

120
Q

a document issued by Britain which indicated support for the establishment of a state for Israel

A

Balfour Declaration

121
Q

in order to regain territory controlled by _____, China entered WWI, however the territory was given to ________

A

Germany

Japan

122
Q

a series of strikes and protests demanding changes to strengthen China

A

May Fourth Movement

123
Q

2 names of man who led Guonmindang Party

A

Jiang Jieshi

Chiang Kai-Shek

124
Q

led the Chinese Communists during the Chinese Civil War

A

Mao Zedong

125
Q

How many Chinese made the Long March, and how many at the end?

A

100,000

8000

126
Q

An April 1919 protest against the British resulted in the _______, when British soldiers fired into unarmed demonstrators, killing nearly __ men

A

Amristar Massacre

400

127
Q

2 concepts which undergird Mohandas Gandhi’s protests against Britain

A

ahisma - non violence toward living things

civil disobedience - refusal to obey unjust laws

128
Q

Became a symbol of Gandhi’s movement

A

spinning wheel

129
Q

Fought for a homeland for the Turks and established the Republic of Turkey in 1923

A

Kemal Mustafa/Ataturk

130
Q

Kemal made Turkey’s government completely ____ in order to promote modernization

A

secular

131
Q

In 1935 Reza Shah Pahlavi changed Persia’s name to _________

A

Iran

132
Q

After WWI, ____ was given control of Syria and Lebanon, and ______ gained control of Iraq and what was called Palestinian Mandate

A

France

Britain

133
Q

The Treaty of Versailles, rather than granting ____ to Germany’s colonies, simply turned them over to other countries as mandates

A

independence

134
Q

Realizing they could not maintain full control, Britain formally declared _____ to be independent in 1922

A

Egypt

135
Q

an arrangement in which a purchaser borrows money from a bank or other lender and agrees to pay it back over time

A

credit

136
Q

the day the sale of some 16 million shares caused stock prices to collapse

A

Black Tuesday

October 29, 1929

137
Q

By 1933 _____of ______ was unemployed

A

1

4

138
Q

points on the New Deal

A

increased government spending on public works, welfare, and other relief programs
new regulations to reform and regulate the stock market and banking system

139
Q

the British economist who proposed deficit spending as the best way to limit or even prevent economic downturns

A

John Maynard Keynes

140
Q

what is deficit spending

A

spending beyond governmental budget limits

141
Q

President Hoover’s attempt to encourage American industry by placing heavy taxes on imported goods

A

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

142
Q

Result of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff?

A

backfired

other nations raised taxes on American goods and slowed international trade to a standstill

143
Q

gained popularity and strength in Germany by blaming Jews for the nation’s difficulty and promising to rebuild a powerful German empire

A

National Socialist Party

Nazi

144
Q

Japan’s major economic weakness was

A

the lack of natural resources to supply modern industry

145
Q

As the Japanese lost faith in their government, they began to look to the ___ for leadership during the late 1920s and 30s

A

military

146
Q

The Japanese were deeply offended by the US law barring ____ passed in 1924

A

Japanese immigration

147
Q

the Japanese military focused on building the ______ of their troops and the public to make up for their lack of industrial capacity or navy

A

fighting spirit

148
Q

During the 1930s a series of _____ were carried out by the military and members of nationalist organizations in order to increase military domination of the government

A

assassinations

149
Q

Japan ______ after receiving a strong condemnation for their invasion of Manchuria

A

withdrew from the League of Nations

150
Q

Japan and Germany agreed to work together to oppose the spread of _____ by signing the _______ in 1936

A

communism

Anti-Comintern Pact

151
Q

At least 100,000 Chinese civilians were killed in ______

A

the Nanjing Massacre

152
Q

the Japanese foreign ministries proposal for a group of nations who would come together to support Japan and free the region from dependence on Western nations

A

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity sphere

153
Q

What does Il Duce mean

A

the leader

154
Q

an authoritarian form of government that places the good of the nation above all else, including individual needs and rights

A

Fascism

155
Q

The League responded to the invasion of Ethiopia by placing _____ on Italy, but took no real action

A

economic sanctions

156
Q

became the Soviet leader after the death of Lenin

A

Joseph Stalin

157
Q

formulated in 1928 to modernize the Soviet economy through government mandate by setting production goals for each factory and mine

A

first 5-Year plan

158
Q

the process of combining small farms

A

collectivization

159
Q

What were the Soviets doing to farms?

A

creating larger, more mechanized farms to try to increase production

160
Q

those who objected to Stalin’s policies could be sent to the _______

A

gulag

161
Q

millions of _____ died when Stalin refused to send food during a famine which struck the region in 1932

A

Ukrainians

162
Q

What was Stalin’s campaign called, what did it do, and what did it result in?

A

Great Purge
against real and imaginary opponents of his rule
resulted in thousands of arrests and/or executions

163
Q

Hitler called the German people ______ and spoke of them as a master race

A

Aryans

164
Q

the name for the Night of Broken Glass

A

Kristallnacht

165
Q

what is lebensraum?

A

living space

166
Q

Hitler claimed he was building the military in order to resist

A

communism

167
Q

In March of 1936 Hitler sent German troops into ________

although France and Britain protested, they didn’t directly oppose it

A

the Rhineland

168
Q

In March of 1938, German forces marched into _____ without opposition

A

marched into Austria

169
Q

a region in Czechoslovakia which had a large German-speaking population

A

Sudetenland

170
Q

In september 1938, French and British leaders met Hitler at ____ and agreed to allow Germany to annex part of ______

A

Munich

Czechoslovakia

171
Q

communism sought

A

international change and a classless society

172
Q

In august 1939 the ___________ was revealed
a secret section of the pact recognized each side’s right to take territory in _______ including dividing Poland between the 2 nations

A

Nazi-Soviet Nonagression pact

Eastern Europe

173
Q

World War II began on _______ with the invasion of ________

A

September 1, 1939

Poland

174
Q

German forces relied on blitzkrieg to

A

create panic and quickly overwhelm resistance

175
Q

Britain and France declared war on Germany and became known as

A

the Allies

176
Q

French forces were unprepared for the German invasion through the ______
quickly overwhelmed by ____

A

Ardennes forest

panzers

177
Q

The French leader ______ escaped to Britain where he helped organize resistance to German and Vichy control of France

A

Charles de Gaulle

178
Q

refers to Germany’s air raids on British military and civilian targets

A

Battle for Britain

179
Q

the assault on the city of London became known as

A

the London Blitz

180
Q

In June 1941, Hitler sent troops into ____ breaking his promise to ______

A

Soviet Union

Stalin

181
Q

In 1941 the US banned the sale of ______ to Japan in response to _____

A

oil

Japanese annexation of French Indochina

182
Q

The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor began at sunrise

A

December 7, 1941

183
Q

FDR called Pearl Harbor

A

a day that will live in infamy

184
Q

the good news for America was that the 3 ______ normally stationed in Pearl Harbor were out on maneuvers

A

aircraft carriers

185
Q

the attack on Pearl Harbor ended what

A

US isolationism

186
Q

In October 1941, a German U-boat sank the ____ a US escort ship

A

Reuben-James

187
Q

2 factors which allowed the Allies to maintain control of the Atlantic

A

allied factories began producing large numbers of ships and planes
allies broke a key german code system

188
Q

Control of _____ made the battle in North Africa a critical campaign for the Allies

A

Suez Canal

189
Q

led the Afrika Korps for the Axis Powers

A

Erwin Rommel

the Desert Fox

190
Q

led the British troops to victory at El Alamein

A

Bernard Montgomery

191
Q

Some one million civilians died in the ______ during the winter of 1941-2

A

siege of Leningrad

192
Q

a crushing defeat or Hitler

made all the worse because he refused to allow German troops to either retreat or surrender

A

Battle of Stalingrad

193
Q

Japanese forced captured prisoners on the ______ following the American surrender of the Philippines

A

Bataan Death March

194
Q

the first time the Allies were able to stop the Japanese advance across the South Pacific
the first naval battle fought entirely by air

A

Battle of Coral Sea

195
Q

What American advantage enabled them to win the Battle of Midway

A

they had broken the secret Japanese code used to transmit messages

196
Q

Allied strategy of skipping Japanese strongholds and capturing weaker targets to use as bases for further attacks

A

Island Hopping

197
Q

a six month long struggle for a small swamp and jungle covered island near Australia

A

Battle of Guadalcanal

198
Q

the first major battle in the Philippines

largest naval battle ever fought

A

Battle of Leyte Gulf

199
Q

created a separate legal status for German Jews

A

Nuremberg Laws

200
Q

the deliberate mass execution of Jews

A

Final Solution

201
Q

Jews were often forced into a ______

A

ghetto

202
Q

What is a ghetto?

A

a confined area within a city

203
Q

Other Jews were sent into labor camps called _____ which were intended to hold those considered enemies of the state

A

concentration camps

204
Q

Hitler established special camps in the nation of ____ for the primary purpose of killing large numbers of Jews and destroying their bodies

A

Poland

205
Q

people groups imprisoned in Nazi Camps

A 
Poles
Slavs
homosexuals
people with disabilities
and the Romany or Gypsies
206
Q

the mass murder of Jews

A

Holocaust

207
Q

What was Josef Mengele known as

A

the Angel of Death

208
Q

The Soviets found some 7000 starving survivors when they liberated ______ at the beginning of 1945

A

Auschwitz

209
Q

In 1933 some _____ Jews lived in Europe

at the end of the war only some _____ remained

A
  1. 5 million

3. 5 million

210
Q

American generals _____ and ______ planned the Allied invasion of France

A

George Marshall

Dwight Eisenhower

211
Q

The date of the invasion on June 6 1944 was called

A

D-Day

212
Q

The invasion force landed on the French beaches of _____

A

Normandy

213
Q

Hitler’s last massive counterattack in Belgium against the Allies

A

Battle of the Bulge

214
Q

the first to reach Berlin

discovered Hitler had committed suicide

A

Soviets

215
Q

US military leaders estimated an invasion of Japan would cost up to ______ killed or wounded Allied soldiers

A

1 million

216
Q

On August 9, a second bomb was dropped on the city of ______

A

Nagasaki

217
Q

The Japanese emperor_______ surrendered on August 15, 1945

A

Hirohito

218
Q

At _______ in February 1945, Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill agreed on plans for governing Germany

A

Yalta Conference

219
Q

Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill also agreed to join the _____, a new world organization designed to encourage international cooperation and prevent war

A

United Nations

220
Q

In July 1945, Truman, Stalin, and Churchill met at the ____. The Soviet Union and the other Allies had begun to disagree openly, especially over _______

A

Postdam Conference

the future of the nations of Eastern Europe

221
Q

3 results of WWII

A

estimated 40 million dead
US and USSR emerge as superpowers
the beginning of the Cold War

222
Q

Causes of WWI

A

Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism

223
Q

what is militarism

A

the glorification of armed strength

224
Q

kWhat did Bismarck’s blood and iron do?

A

led to united Germany

225
Q

What did Kaiser WIlhelm II do about Bismarck?

A

removed him for being too timid

226
Q

What were alliances all about?

A

shifting friendships

227
Q

What is imperialism

A

nations competed for colonial empires

228
Q

What terrorist group was behind the assassination in Sarajevo?

A

the Black Hand

229
Q

What does Austria Hungary do, and what is the response?

A

seeks help from Germany

Wilhelm issues a blank check

230
Q

What does Austria-Hungary do to Serbia?

A

makes impossible demands, then moves to war when they are not all met

231
Q

Serbia does what?

A

calls on Russia, who slowly comes to the rescue

232
Q

What does Austria-Hungary do after Russia is summoned?

A

declares war on them, and so does Germany

233
Q

What does France do when Germany jumps in?

A

declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary

234
Q

What does Germany do when France comes in?

A

launches an attack on France through Belgium

235
Q

What does Great Britain do when Belgium is invaded?

A

steps in because Belgium is neutral

236
Q

3 points about the nature of WWI

A

depersonalized - rarely saw the enemy
new technologies
new techniques

237
Q

two new techniques

A

trench warfare

submarine warfare/convoys

238
Q

Bad things about Czar Nicholas II and his reign

A

Russo-Japanese War
Bloody Sunday - Revolution of 1905
Passive leader in WWI

239
Q

About the democratic revolution?

A

Revolts in Petrograd and Nicholas II abdicates

Duma Selected Alexander Kerensky

240
Q

About Alexander Kerensky?

A

had a strong position in Petrograd Soviet and the Duma

critical decision to continue the war

241
Q

about the Bolsheviks?

A

radical Marxists who gained support by opposing the military

“Peace, Land, and Bread”

242
Q

What did the bBolsheviks do?

A

took control of government offices in Petrograd and sued for peace on October 24, 1917
won a civil war against the Mensheviks

243
Q

About Vladimir Ilyich Lenin

A

lived in a world of ideas
people insignificant
dictatorship of the proletariat - leadership of small elite
imprisoned opponents
compromised and created the NEP when socialism faltered

244
Q

phrases that defined the war

A

the war to end all wars

war to make the world safe for democracy

245
Q

2 major battles after US entrance

A

2nd battle of the Marne - Allies first successful offensive

Battle of Amiens - Black day of German army

246
Q

When did the war end?

A

11 am November 11, 1918

247
Q

What were the leaders called at the Peace Conference?

A

Big 3

248
Q

How much did Germany pay after WWI?

A

31 billion

249
Q

Results of the conference

A

many nations felt cheated
League was powerless
“a peace built on quicksand”

250
Q

About the 20s in the US

A

roaring 20s
prohibition ignored
rise of gangsters
moral consensus fades

251
Q

What is happening in the Middle East?

A

growing nationalism

Zionist movement

252
Q

What is happening in Latin America?

A

dominated by US

253
Q

How is Germany financially?

A

runaway inflation

254
Q

What did the Dawes plan do?

A

provided loan

restricted reparations schedule

255
Q

about art

A

visual art moved away from reality
surrealism with Salvador Dali
cubism with Pablo Picasso

256
Q

about music

A

became atonal
polytonality with Igor Stravinsky
12-tone technique with Arnold Schoenberg

257
Q

about literature

A

portrayed meaninglessness

258
Q

primary cause of Great Depression

A

overextended credit, both individual and national

Stock Market crash

259
Q

Debt chain

A

US loaned to Germany who paid reparations to Great Britain and France who repaid loans to the United States
all was stopped by Great Depression

260
Q

effects of the Great Depression

A

loss of confidence by individuals and in corporate structures
growth of big government
rise of fascism

261
Q

What did Mussolini want to do?

A

restore the glory that was Rome

262
Q

character of Stalin

A

organizer
Lenin’s secretary
concerned with power
amoral

263
Q

reforms of Stalin

A 
5 year plans
government controlled every aspect of industry
private farms became collectives
5-10 million kulaks died
totalitarian regime
264
Q

What did Hitler do in 1923?

A

failed in the Beer Hall Putsch

265
Q

What did the Reichstag fire do for Hitler

A

increased his power

266
Q

What did the enabling act do?

A

made hitler dictator

267
Q

What did Germany do in 1935?

A

Defied Versailles treaty

268
Q

In the Spanish Civil War, what do other countries do?

A

Germany and Italy support the rebels, so they can use Spain as a testing ground for new weapons

269
Q

What is the Axis that formed in 36

A

Rome and Berlin

270
Q

What happened after the Munich conference?

A

germany took the rest of Czechoslovakia

271
Q

system of blitzkrieg

A

an all-out attack moves quickly to the capital
after capturing major means of transportation and communication, they establish a totalitarian rule
conquered peoples formed an underground to organize and resist

272
Q

events of the European War before US

A

Soviet Union invades Finland
Germany invades Denmark and Norway, and France
Battles for Britain
Germany invades the Soviet Union

273
Q

What did US have with Britain and Japan?

A

economic interests

274
Q

What was the US’s attitude to Allied democracies

A

idealistic
issued Atlantic Charter with Britain
Lend Lease program

275
Q

What did US do to Japan and what was the response?

A

stopped exporting oil and steel to Japan

Pearl Harbor

276
Q

What did the Allies do about Italy?

A

conquered North Africa in 43 and went up through Italy

277
Q

How did the USSR get going?

A

Stalingrad and Leningrad victories and then became offense

278
Q

What did the Battle of Midway do?

A

stop Japan from getting to Hawaii

279
Q

Cold War

A

nuclear weapons raise the ante
the Iron Curtain
US responds with policy of containment

World History (14 decks)

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