Final Flashcards
0
Q
Holy food chain
A
God Creator, sustainer, redeemer Others humans others Image of God, sinners Creation Reflects God's glory, tainted by sin
1
Q
3 reasons we study history
A
Enable us to make better decisions
Grow in faith
Discover who we are
2
Q
A network of people who interact with each other
A
Society
3
Q
The period of time before written records
A
Prehistory
4
Q
Relics or objects such as pieces of bone or stone that humans have made into tools or weapons
A
Artifacts
5
Q
A scientist who studies fossils
A
Paleontologist
6
Q
A scholar who studies written records
A
Historian
7
Q
A scholar who studies written and oral languages
A
Linguist
8
Q
A scholar who studies relics of ancient civilizations
A
Archaeologist
9
Q
A scholar who studies the science of man
A
Anthropologist
10
Q
People who move often in search of food
A
Nomads
11
Q
The belief that all things in nature have spirits
A
Animism
12
Q
The spread if ideas, beliefs, customs, and technology from one society to another
A
Cultural diffusion
13
Q
What does God say is not good?
A
For man to be alone
14
Q
Where does God say it is not good for man to be alone?
A
Genesis chapter 2
15
Q
A society’s habitual ways of thinking and acting, including things such as art, music, ways of making a living, religious belief, etc.
A
Culture
16
Q
People lived nomadic lives, hunting and gathering their food in the _______ period?
A
Paleolithic
17
Q
People lived in houses of mud or stone and began to farm for food in the ________ period
A
Neolithic
18
Q
Ancient Egyptian civilization began where?
A
Nile river valley
19
Q
A triangular region at the mouth of a river
A
Delta
20
Q
Churning rapid or whitewater
A
Cataract
21
Q
Egyptian form of writing
A
Hieroglyphics
22
Q
Egyptian concept that includes good life, including justice, right, truth, and order
A
Ma’at
23
Q
The ruler who united upper and lower Egypt
A
Menes
24
The Egyptian queen who encouraged foreign trade
Hatshepsut
25
The last great pharaoh and greatest builder of the new kingdom
Ramses II the Great
26
The Kushite ruler who conquered Egypt
Piankhi
27
Ancient Indian civilization began where?
Indus River valley
28
Seasonal winds bringing rain to the Indian subcontinent
Monsoons
29
Who invaded and ended the earliest Indian civilization?
Aryans
30
Social groups in Indian society
Varnas
31
Set of duties or obligations for each social group
Dharma
32
The passing of the inner self from body to body
Reincarnation
33
The Hindu ethical law of cause and effect
Karma
34
The perfect understanding which releases one from a series of endless rebirths
Moksha
35
The powerful ruler who unified India
| "Government is the science of punishment"
Chandragupta
36
Buddha or enlightened one
Siddhartha Gautama
37
Goal of Buddhism which is the release from pain and selfishness
Nirvana
38
The Indian ruler who embraced Buddhism and vowed to live peacefully, sent out Buddhist missionaries
Ashoka
39
Ancient Chinese civilization began where?
Yellow and yangzi river valleys
40
Central value / authority in Chinese society
Family
41
The Chinese ideal of respect for parents and elders
Filial piety
42
Used to foretell the future by Chinese priests
Oracle bones
43
Unique feature of Chinese writing
Based in ideas, not sounds
44
Taught that one must express love and respect by practicing traditional manners and rituals
Confucius
45
Believed the good life was following the dao by balancing opposing tendencies in nature
Laozi
46
A group of Chinese philosophers who believed a strong, efficient government was the key to the good life
Legalsits
47
The idea that a dynasty ruled only as long as it had divine approval
Mandate of Heaven
48
Ruled through fear during the Qin dynasty
| Constructed Great Wall
Shi huangdi
49
Ruler who made Confucianism official belief of the Chinese government
Opened great Silk Road
Wudi
50
4 noble truths of Buddhism
Suffering is an inescapable part of human life.
Suffering is caused by unfulfilled desire for material goods.
Overcoming desire ends suffering.
Desire can be overcome by following the eight fold path.
51
The area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
Mesopotamia
52
What did the Sumerians build because their land lacked natural defenses?
Walled cities
53
What were most Sumerians religiously?
Polytheists
54
Sumerian rulers were often either . . .
Warriors or priests
55
Sumerian temples
Ziggurats
56
Wedge shaped writing developed in Sumer
Cuneiform
57
Developed one of the world's first uniform law codes
Hammurabi
58
3 Hebrew patriarchs
Abraham
Isaac
Jacob
59
3 elements of the covenant with the patriarchs
Land
Children
Generalized blessing
60
Pivotal event in Hebrew history
Crossing of the Red Sea
61
Tribal leaders in Israel during the time between the conquest and the United Kingdom
Judges
62
Last of tribal leaders
| Anointed first two kings of United Kingdom
Samuel
63
Known as both a military leader and a singer
| Man after God's own heart
David
64
After the split, the kingdoms were known as
Israel in the north
| Judah in the south
65
Who ruled the northern kingdom and what did he do?
Jeroboam
| Set up golden calves at Dan and Bethel
66
Who had a wonderful library at Nineveh?
Assyria
67
Seafaring traders who first developed an alphabet
Phoenicians
68
Brutal conquerors who defeated and destroyed Israel
Assyria
69
Astrologers who captured Jerusalem and took Judah into captivity
Babylon
70
Defeated the Babylonians
| Developed a standardized coinage
Persians
71
Tolerated different races and religions in the Persian empire.
Allowed the Jews to return to the promised land
King Cyrus
72
Why were greek citystates isolated?
Mountainous terrain
73
Greek term for city state
Polis
74
The most important city in early Aegean civilization
Mycenae
75
City defeated by a huge hollow horse
Troy
76
Wrote the Iliad and the odyssey
Homer
77
A formation of foot soldiers forming a solid wall, several men deep
Phalanx
78
Fortified hilltop of a Greek city state temples were built
Acropolis
79
The Greek word for striving for excellence, virtue
| The heroic ideal
Arête
80
Messenian peasants/slaves forced to work the land around Sparta
Helots
81
Greek term for foot soldier
Hoplites
82
Militaristic state in which unhealthy babies were left outside to die
Sparta
83
The Athenian reformer who cancelled farmer's debts and allowed all male citizens a voice in government
Solon
84
Greeks won this battle against Persia despite being outnumbered
Pheidippides ran to warn Athens
Marathon
85
Athens defeated Persians at this sea battle
Salamis
86
300 Spartans died in the narrow mountain pass of _____ which allowed other Greeks to escape
Thermopylae
87
The Athenian leader who created salaried positions in government, strengthened the navy and beautified Athens after it had been burned by the Persians.
Pericles
88
The philosopher who questioned everything
| Executed at age 70 as a corrupter of youth
Socrates
89
The idealist philosopher who wrote the Republic, believed the ideal leader was the philosopher-king.
Plato
90
The king of Macedon who was assassinated at a marriage feast
| Father of Alexander the Great
Phillip II
91
The realist philosopher who taught young Alexander.
| Developed a system of logic based on syllogism.
Aristotle
92
Calculated the value of pi
| Discovered principles behind the use of levers
Archimedes
93
This city was the cultural center of Hellenism founded by Alexander.
Alexandria
94
How far did Alexander's army go?
India
95
What was one of Alexander's enduring legacies?
The spread of the Greek language
96
What is Italy shaped like?
Boot
97
What was the basic unit of Roman social organization?
Family
98
The virtue of discipline, strength, and loyalty which the Romans practiced
Gravitas
99
Roman upper class represented by the Senate
Patricians
100
Roman lower class who gained power by refusing to fight
Plebeians
101
The office that represented the lower classes in the Senate
Tribune
102
Two officials which directed the roman government and army
Consuls
103
The laws of Rome were written were?
Twelve tables in the Forum
104
Who were the Punic wars fought against?
Carthage
105
What was the Punic war fought over?
The island of Sicily
106
How did Rome win the first Punic war?
Added a gangplank to their ship
107
Who was the Carthagean general who crossed the Alps to attack Rome and plundered and pillaged Italy for 13 years?
Hannibal
108
The African who defeated Carthage at the battle of Zama to end the second Punic war
Scipio
109
List 3 results of the Punic wars
Many small farmers lost their land
Slaves worked the land instead of the farmers
Wealthy became corrupt and lazy
110
Roman welfare system
Dole
111
What is a Pyrrhic victory?
A victory that came at too great a cost.
112
The tribune who proposed limiting the size of large estates and giving land to the poor
Clubbed to death on senate floor
Tiberius gracchus
113
Wrote Commentary on the Gallic wars
Julius Caesar
114
Julius Caesar crossed what river with his army to Rome to become dictator?
Rubicon
115
a member of the Second Triumvirate who accepted the title of "the Exalted One"
Octavian to Augustus Caesar
116
Who wrote the Aeneid and why?
Virgil
| To exalt roman virtue and the reign of Augustus
117
What was the period of time from 27 BC to AD 180 when the Roman Empire led the world during a time of peace and prosperity?
Pax Romana
118
How did the good emperors solve the problem of succession?
Adopting their successors
119
Who was the founder of Stoicism?
Zeno
120
Became a philosophy of eat drink, and be merry
Epicurianism
121
The bowl shaped area in which the Sumerian culture flourished
Fertile Crescent
122
Emperor who wrote meditations
| The last of the good emperors
Marcus Aurelius
123
The leader of the Huns who led an invasion which forced the Germanic tribes to flee into roman lands
Attila
124
Fixed wages and prices to gear inflation in the Roman Empire
| Divided the empire into two halves
Diocletian
125
Founded new Rome as a new capital in the eastern half of the empire
Constantine
126
Primary language of Rome
Latin
127
3 characteristics of roman law
A person is innocent until proven guilty
A person's guilt is determined by examining evidence
A person accused has the right to face his accuser and defend himself
128
Four reasons Rome fell
Moral - pleasure over duty
Invasion of Germanic tribes
Military - relied on mercenaries
High taxes and inflation
129
What is the center of Jesus's mission from 1 Corinthians 15?
Death, burial, resurrection
130
Four false charges against the church
Cannibals
Un patriotic
Atheists
Immoral
131
Three effects of persecution on the early church
Spread of gospel
Strengthening of faith
Witness to the world
132
Arose during the silent years as a center of prayer, worship, and Torah study.
Synagogue
133
Syrian leader who sacrificed a pig on the altar in front of the temple
Antiochus epiphanes
134
Led the Jewish rebellion against Syrian rule.
| Cleansed the temple and offered sacrifices
Judas maccabeus
135
People who sacrifice their lives for the sake of a cause or belief
Martyrs
136
Preached the first gospel sermon on Pentecost
| Baptized the first gentile believer
Peter
137
First Christian martyr
| Death led many Christians to flee Jerusalem
Stephen
138
Established churches over much of the Roman Empire and wrote much of the New Testament
Paul
139
Began an early persecution of the church after Rome burned
| Lit his garden by burning Christians
Nero
140
______The roman emperor who responded to a letter from ______ saying _______
Trajan
Pliny
Christians should not be pursued
If arrested and refuse to offer incense, they should be executed
141
Bishop of Smyrna who was burned to death after refusing to deny Jesus
Polycarp
142
People who believed that there was a secret hidden knowledge available only to the wisest Christians
Gnostics
143
The teaching of the second century church that Christians should only meet with bishops who had studied with one of the twelve disciples of Jesus or someone who had studied with them
Apostolic succession
144
Assembled a bible showing two gods, a judgmental god of wrath and a lowing father god
Marcion
145
Short memorized statement of the essentials of the Christian faith
Creed
146
A list of approved books
Canon
147
The emperor who legalized Christianity
| Called and chaired the council of Nicaea
Constantine
148
What battle gave Constantine control of hue he Roman Empire
Milvian bridge
149
What did Constantine see in the sky?
Labarum
150
The document that legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire
Edict of Milan
151
Taught that Jesus was a created being, not equal to God the father
Arius
152
Studied classical literature in Rome, then hebrew in the desert
Jerome
153
Jerome's translation of the Bible into Latin
Vulgate
154
Left Manichaeism to become the bishop of hippo
| Greatest Christian writer and theologian of his era
Augustine
155
Augustine's autobiography
Confessions
156
The city of God was written in response to?
The sack of Rome by the vandals
157
What did Augustine believe about evil?
A corruption of good which is possible because God created humans with free will
158
What is predestination?
The doctrine that humans are totally depraved and no longer capable of responding to God
God chooses who is to be saved out of his mercy and grace.
159
What did African societies base their cultures on?
Clans
160
What is a clan?
Family with common ancestors
161
Storytellers who passed on oral tradition to keep history alive, highly respected
Griots
162
Group of related languages spoken by early African peoples
Bantu
163
Where did Christianity become the official religion?
Aksum
164
A language blended from a Bantu language and arab words
| Blended African Arab culture that developed on east Africa's coast
Swahili
165
Southeastern African kingdom that took its name from the stone houses of its inhabitants including a structure called the great enclosure
Great Zimbabwe
166
Trade of these things created wealth for Ghana and other west African countries
Salt and gold
167
The famous ruler who led the Mali empire at its height
Mansa musa
168
Mansa musa built schools where? What happened to this city?
Timbuktu
| West Africa's center of education, religion, and culture
