Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

World History > Renaissance, Reformation, Exploration > Flashcards

Renaissance, Reformation, Exploration Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards World History 101 flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards
0
Q

Why did the Greek scholars flee, and what was the effect?

A

fled from the Ottomans

brought ancient authors into Italy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

The time period from about 1300 to 1600 is called what, which is a French word for rebirth

A

Renaissance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did the scholars fleeing from the Ottomans do?

A

started humanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is humanism?

A

a movement that emphasized rhetoric, grammar, poetry, history, Latin, and Greek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What did Francesco Petrarch do?

A

wrote poetry - sonnets - in the vernacular
gathered ancient Latin and Greek manuscripts
climbed Mount Ventoux for fun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does secular mean?

A

time-bound

a focus on this world rather than a spiritual world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who wrote the Courtier, and what was it about?

A

Baldassare Castiglone

the behavior of a perfect gentleman or gentlewoman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What did Niccolo Machiavelli do?

A

wrote the Prince to explain what rulers must do to retain power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did Nicholas Copernicus suggest and when was this known?

A

the sun set at the center of the universe

in a book after his death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happened to Galileo Galilei and why?

A

he was placed under house arrest for writing that the earth orbited the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who controlled the politics of Florence through support of the arts and public works?

A

the Medici family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Three changes in artistic styles and techniques during this time period

A

perspective
subject matter
reverence of Greek and Roman architecture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who was a great example of a renaissance man and why?

A

Leonardo da Vinci

was a painter, writer, inventor, architect, engineer, mathematician, musician, and philosopher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who was the greatest sculptor of the time and what was he known for?

A

Michelangelo Buonarroti

painted the Sistine Chapel with The Last Judgment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who was one of the greatest portrait artists of his time, and what were his two most famous works?

A

Raphael
The School of Athens
the walls of the pope’s private library

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who is traditionally given credit for the invention of the printing press sometime in the mid 1400s?

A

Johannes Gutenberg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

4 consequences of the invention of the printing press

A

codified texts
spread new ideas quickly
put the Bible into the hands of commoners
encouraged independent interpretations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who was a Christian humanist that wrote In Praise of Folly to criticize rituals and politics of the church in addition to printing the Greek New Testament first?

A

Desiderius Erasmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Thomas More

A

English
wrote Utopia
executed by Henry VIII for opposing the Act of Supremacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the greatest English playwright of all time

A

William Shakespeare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the Italian-born author of The City of Women

A

Christine de Pisan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

German artist most famous for his woodcuts that also did oil paintings was

A

Albrecht Durer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Flemish painter whose paintings of landscapes and domestic life often contained religious symbolism

A

Jan van Eyck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

2 concrete examples of how Renaissance art and literature demonstrated interest in the individual

A

Giotto di Bondone gave people in his frescoes unique expressions

Michelangelo put himself in his sculpture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

3 foremost values of the Renaissance how it differed from the Middle Ages

A

celebration of the individual
love of classical learning
enjoyment of worldly pleasures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

3 characteristics of the ideal Renaissance man

A

athlete
artist
scholar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What did Pope Leo approve the sale of in the 1500s and what were they for

A

indulgences

reduce a soul’s time in purgatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

John Wycliff

A

the “morning star” of the Protestant reformation

an english cleric who called on the church to give up her earthly possessions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

A Bohemian priest who preached against the immorality of the church - what happened to him

A

Jan Hus

tried for Heresy and burned at the stake in 1412

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What did Martin Luther do in 1517?

A

nailed the 95 Theses to the church door in Wittenberg - challenging leaders to debate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

3 elements of Luther’s doctrine

A

faith alone, not works for salvation
scripture alone has authority, not traditions
access to God through Christ alone, not priests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Who called the Diet of Worms to try Luther on the charge of heresy?

A

Holy Roman Emperor Charles V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

a government in which church and state are joined and officials are considered to be divinely inspired

A

theocracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

holds that God knows who will be saved and guides the lives of those destined for salvation

A

Predestination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

TULIP

A 
Total depravity
Unconditional election
limited atonement
irresistible grace
perseverance of the saints
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Became the spokesperson for the Reformation in Scotland

A

John Knox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

won the title “Defender of the Faith” for his tracts against Martin Luther

A

Henry VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What happened with Henry’s marriage to Catherine?

A

he had it annulled because she only gave him Mary, a girl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Anne Boleyn

A

Henry secretly married her and she gave him a girl, Elizabeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

required English subjects to take an oath declaring Henry VIII to be “Supreme Head of the Church of England”

A

the act of supremacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

who allowed Protestants to control the Church of England, and who were his parents

A

Edward VI

Henry VIII and Jane Seymour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Mary Tudor returned England to the authority of the

A

pope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What did Elizabeth do church wise?

A

followed the middle way

allowing Catholic practices to remain in the liturgy of the Anglican Church

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

preached fiery sermons against the abuses of the church and convinced people to gather and burn their jewelry

A

Girolamo Savonarola

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

who founded the Jesuits and what did they do

A

Ignatius of Loyola

established missions, schools, and universities around the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

met on and off from 1545 to 1563, clarifying Catholic teachings on many important points

A

the Council of Trent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

the Catholic Church established ______ to counter Protestantism

A

the Roman Inquisition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

the Catholic Church’s attempt to stamp out rebellion fostered by the use of the printing press

A

Index of Forbidden Books

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What was a ghetto and what was it used for?

A

a walled and gated section that was segregated from the rest of the city
used in some places in Europe to house Jews

49
Q

what rebellion began in 1524 and what were reactions to it

A

Peasants’ War
harshly suppressed by nobility
denounced by Luther

50
Q

What did the Peace of Augsburg do

A

allowed each German prince to choose Catholicism or Lutheranism as the religion of his subjects
coined Protestant

51
Q

issued by Henry of Navarre, and allowed the Hugenots (French Protestants) some religious freedom

A

Edict of Nantes

52
Q

2 advances in technology that enabled sailors to determine their location

A

compass

astrolabe

53
Q

established a small court from which expeditions were sent west to islands in the Atlantic and south to explore the coast of Africa - a school

A

Prince Henry the Navigator

54
Q

attempted to sail around the southern tip of Africa, the Cape of Good Hope

A

Bartolomeu Dias

55
Q

sailed around Africa to India

A

Vasco de Gama

56
Q

landed in America but believed he had landed in India

A

Christopher Columbus

57
Q

crossed the Strait of Panama and became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean

A

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

58
Q

set out to circumnavigate the globe

A

Ferdinand Magellan

59
Q

the English sailor who became the second man to circumnavigate the globe

A

Francis Drake

60
Q

explored North America for the English and Dutch

A

Henry Hudson

61
Q

Spanish colonists were given a certain amount of land and a number of Native Americans to work the land

A

the encomienda system

62
Q

conquered the Aztecs of central Mexico

A

Hernan Cortes

63
Q

the ruler of the Aztecs

A

Moctezuma II

64
Q

conquered the Incas of Peru

A

Francisco Pizarro

65
Q

the ruler of the Incas

A

Atahualpa

66
Q

Spanish officials to ruled over a large colonial area in the king’s name

A

Viceroys

67
Q

strenuously objected to the treatment of Native Americans by the Spanish Government

A

Bartolome de las Casas

68
Q

was signed by Spain and Portugal which gave Brazil to Portugal but everything west of a line to Spain

A

Treaty of Tordesillas

69
Q

2 ways the French manage their colonies differently from the Spanish and Portugese?

A

sent small groups of traders, not many colonists

didn’t enslave Native Americans

70
Q

Dutch governor bought what from the Wappinger tribe

A

Manhattan

71
Q

English established their first permanent colony at

A

Jamestown

72
Q

Pilgrims founded the colony of

A

Plymouth, Massachusetts

73
Q

the global exchange of plants, animals, and disease between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres

A

Columbian Exchange

74
Q

2 Native American crops that became staples in European diets

A

corn

potatoes

75
Q

the European beast of burden that became a new source of labor and transportation in the New World

A

horse

76
Q

a nation’s wealth was measured by the amount of what it possessed

A

gold and silver

77
Q

occurs when a nation sells more goods than it buys from foreign nations

A

favorable balance of trade

78
Q

a tax on imports

A

tariff

79
Q

grants of money provided by the government to help individuals begin new businesses

A

subsidies

80
Q

an economic system in which private individuals (or organizations) invest their money and effort in order to make greater profits

A

capitalism

81
Q

investors buy shares of stock in a company in order to share the profits of that company or to distribute evenly any losses

A

joint-stock company

82
Q

American colonies became dependent on

A

the triangle trade

83
Q

the second leg of the triangle trade was ____

2 facts

A

the middle passage

took 3-6 weeks and killed 10-20% of its African captives

84
Q

the diffusion of African peoples - and African culture, such as music, art, religion, and food around the world

A

the African Diaspora

85
Q

3 changes in Europe that caused the Renaissance

A

Black Death and warfare
breakdown of feudalism and
growth of towns

86
Q

Where did the renaissance begin”

A

northern italian city states - florence

87
Q

Why did the Renaissance begin in cities

A

urban areas fostered specialized tasks
wealthy merchant class fostered the arts
pride in achievement, wealth, beauty

88
Q

What was the Divine Comedy

A

written by Dante Alighieri
he is led through hell, purgatory, and heaven by virgil
was in the vernacular

89
Q

What did Losimo Medici do

A

created the first free public library

90
Q

what did Losimo’s grandson Lorenzo the magnificent do

A

ruled behind the scenes

91
Q

what did Lorenzo Ghiberti do

A

won a contest to create new doors for the baptistry in Florence

92
Q

What did Masaccio do

A

developed perspective in painting

93
Q

Who came after the Medicis?

A

Niccolo Machiavelli

94
Q

2 points from the prince

A

politics have no relation to morals

it is better to be feared than loved if you cannot be both

95
Q

3 roots of the reformation

A

renaissance spirit - back to the roots
irreligion in the church
the printing press

96
Q

4 important renaissance figures

A

John Wycliff
Jan Hus
Thomas More
Desiderius Erasmus

97
Q

What did Wycliff do?

A

translated the Bible into English

98
Q

What happened to Hus before he was executed

A

excommunication

99
Q

what did Utopia do

A

criticized the church

100
Q

what was thomas more

A

a chancellor

101
Q

where was erasmus from

A

holland

102
Q

Luther’s faith journey

A

troubled by guilt

discovered grace through faith

103
Q

What started the reformation

A

the nailing of the 95 theses

104
Q

What happened at the Diet of Worms

A

refused to recant
edict was given to kill him after 30 days
kidnapped by friends and lived in captivity for a year before returning to Wittenburg church

105
Q

2 things Luther did

A

translated the Bible into German

wrote hymns to be sung by congregation

106
Q

What did Luther and Zwingli not agree on?

A

Eucharist

107
Q

What happened to Zwingli?

A

died fighting at Kappel

108
Q

Where was Calvin pastor?

A

Geneva

109
Q

What did Calvin write?

A

The Institutes of the Christian Religion

110
Q

offshoots of Calvin

A

Presbyterian

Baptist

111
Q

Where did the Anabaptists begin and why?

A

Zurich

Zwingli didn’t go far enough

112
Q

two points of anabaptist faith

A

adult baptism

matthew 5-7 key

113
Q

results of anabaptists

A

amish
hutterites
mennonites

114
Q

3 things Henry VIII did

A

started the Anglican Church to divorce Catherine of Aragon
got control of church property
had Thomas More beheaded

115
Q

what happened after Henry’s death

A

confusion and conflict in the church

116
Q

Edward VI

A

allowed church to be purified

117
Q

Mary

A

restored Catholicism

118
Q

splinters of anglican

A

episcopalians

methodists

119
Q

What reestablished catholic doctrine

A

council of trent

120
Q

points made by the council of trent

A

pope is final interpreter of faith
salvation is by faith and works
bible and tradition are equally authoritative
indulgences, relics, and pilgrimages are valuable

121
Q

what encouraged exploration

A

the renaissance spirit of inquiry and confidence

new technology

World History (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions