Greece Flashcards
1
Q
Discovered principles behind the use of pulleys and levers
A
Archimedes
2
Q
Which civilization was on the island of Crete?
A
Minoan
3
Q
Knossos was the capital of?
A
Minoan civilization
4
Q
What was the most important city in the early Aegean civilization?
A
Mycenae
5
Q
Whose invasion brought about the dark age, ending written language?
A
Dorians
6
Q
City state
A
Polis
7
Q
Fortified hilltop of a Greek city state where temples are built
A
Acropolis
8
Q
Marketplace of a Greek city state
A
Agora
9
Q
Messenian slaves forced to work the land for Sparta
A
Helots
10
Q
Striving for excellence and virtue
Heroic ideal
A
Arete
11
Q
Greek foot soldiers
A
Hoplites
13
Q
Solon
A
Athenian reformer
Cancelled farmers’ debts
Allowed all male citizens a voice in govt
14
Q
Peisistratus
A
Banished aristocrats from Athens and gave their land to the poor
15
Q
Strongman who comes to power through the support of a single class of people (typically the poor)
A
Tyrant
16
Q
Cleisthenes
A
Athenian leader
Formed council of 500
Began ostracism
17
Q
Selected official who served as head of Athenian assembly and council of 500
A
Archon
18
Q
Phalanx
A
Formation of foot soldiers forming a solid wall
19
Q
Where did the Greeks first defeat Persia?
A
Marathon
Greece was outnumbered
Pheidippides warned Athens not to surrender
20
Q
Executed at age 70 as a corrupter of youth
A
Socrates
22
Q
Thermopylae
A
300 Spartans died at this narrow mountain pass allowing others to escape
23
Q
Salamis
A
Athens routed the Persians by sea
24
Q
Who was the king at salamis of Persia?
A
Xerxes
25
Q
What did he do after salamis?
A
Fled to Persia
26
Q
What was Athens golden age?
A
Center of the Delian league
27
Created salaried positions in govt
Strengthened navy
Beautified Athens
Pericles
28
Peloponnesian war
Athens suffered a plague
Failed to invade Sicily
Sparta won
Sparta forced Athens to tear down their long wall
29
Idealist
Plato
30
Father of Alexander the Great
Philip II
31
Questioned everything
Socrates
32
Taught Alexander of Macedon
Aristotle
33
Clear and ordered thinking
Reason
34
Logic
Process of making inferences
35
Homer
Wrote the Iliad and the odyssey
36
Wrote the histories of The Persian wars
Herodotus
37
Wrote history of the Peloponnesian wars
Thucydides
38
Mathematician
Musician
Formulated musical doctrine of ethos
Pythagoras
39
Aristarchus
Studied movement of stars
| Postulated heliocentric universe
40
Correctly calculated earth's true size through geometry
Eratosthenes
41
Codified geometric concepts that we still use today
Euclid
42
What city did Alexander found and where and why was it important?
Alexandria
Mouth of the Nile
Later culture center for Hellenism
43
Calculated the value of pi
Archimedes
44
Where and why and how old Alexander died?
Fever
Babylon
33
45
How far did Alexander's army go?
India
46
Why didn't the army go farther?
The soldiers refused
47
How old was Alexander when he became king?
20
48
What country did Philip and Alexander rule
Macedon
49
King of Macedon
Philip II
50
What three styles did Alexander and his father use to defeat larger armies?
Longer spears
More cavalry
More archers
52
First major writer of history in Greece
Herodotus
53
Revised laws in Athens, creating first real step towards democracy
Solon
54
Champion of democracy
| Rebuilt Athens after Persian war
Pericles
55
First of the Athenian philosophers who questioned things
Socrates
56
Three things about Alexander's army
Small
Well trained
Loyal
57
Who was Plato a student of? Who did he teach?
Socrates
| Aristotle
58
What did Aristotle develop?
Logic and making inferences
59
Where can democracy be traced back to?
Athens
60
Who could vote in Athens?
Men over 20 who had completed military training
61
What were three types of Greek poetry?
Lyric
Epic
Descriptive
63
Where is Greece located?
Tip of Balkan Peninsula
64
What did the sea do?
Link cities
| Trade, fishing
65
Why was the sea so important?
Mountains blocked land passes
66
How much greek land was arable?
25%
67
Climate of Greece?
Moderate temperatures
Rainy winters
Dry summers
68
Way of life?
Outdoors
| Large groups
69
Primary crops
Grapes
Wheat
Olives
70
Where was the Minoan civilization located?
Crete
71
What ended the Minoan civilization?
Sudden disappearance
72
Characteristics of Minoan civilization
Bull dancing
Athletic
Technology
Indoor plumbing
73
Mycenaean civilization location
Mainland
74
Important culture point of Mycenaean
Trade
75
Mycenaeans shown in history where
Trojan war
76
What is arête?
virtue
| Found in books
77
What is hubris?
Pride
Leads to downfall
Discouraged
78
4 types of government
Monarchy- one man, passed down to son ltd by nobility
Oligarchy - rule by few aristocrats
Tyranny - rule by one man with support of one class - usually lower
Democracy - rule of the people
79
Which two forms of govt go together.
Oligarchy and tyranny
80
How did the people gain power?
Development of iron weapons
Phalanx
Lower classes gained power in exchange for fighting
81
Where was Sparta located
Center of Peloponnesus
82
Who had messenian slaves?
Sparta
83
What happened with the messenians?
They revolted, but Sparta won though greatly outnumbered
84
Govt of Sparta?
Council of elders
| Assembly met, but had little power
85
Chief spartan concern?
Slave control
86
Secret police in Sparta?
Kept tabs on dissidents
87
What happened once a year in Sparta?
Troublemakers executed by state
88
Who owned the slaves?
The state
89
When did boys leave home?
7
90
What happened in the military camps?
Boys taught to steal, punished if caught
91
When did men become soldiers?
20
92
When did men become citizens
30
93
What did spartan men do after 20?
Marry, but still lived in dorm
94
What was expected of women?
Fit
| To fight and raise fighters
95
Where is Athens located?
Eastern part of Balkan Peninsula
96
How did Athenian leaders prevent civil war
Reform
97
What did Draco do?
Institute severe punishments
98
What did Solon do?
Cancelled farmers debts
Allowed all male citizens to vote
Did not redistribute land
99
What was Pisistratus and what did he do?
Tyrant
| Banished aristocrats and gave their land to the poor
100
What did cleisthenes do?
Create council of 500
| Introduced ostracism to limit power of nobles
101
What happens in there first Persian invasion?
Athens supported greek rebellion in Asia
Marathon
Darius
102
What happened in the second invasion?
Xerxes led the Persian army and navy down east coast of Greece
Thermopylae
Evacuation of Athens
Salamis
103
How many days was Thermopylae held by small greek force?
3
104
How was Thermopylae ended?
Greek traitor showed secret passage
105
What was salamis?
A gulf
106
Why did Greeks win salamis?
Smaller ships
Persians couldn't maneuver
Greeks rammed Persians below water line
107
what did xerxes do after salamis?
Fled with half his army
| Defeated again at plataea
108
What happens to Athens after salamis?
Leading greek polis
Golden age
Leader of Delian league
109
Who led Athens golden age?
Pericles
110
What did Pericles do?
Created salaried govt positions
Strengthened navy to protect trade
Beautified Athens with money from Delian league
111
How was Athens creative
Architecture
Drama
Art
Philosophy
112
What style of architecture?
Classic
113
Types of drama
Tragedies and comedies
114
Tragedies
Hubris leads to downfall
| Has a message
115
Comedies
Ridiculed politicians and ideas
116
Types of art
Sculpture and pottery
117
Major export in art
Red and black vases
118
What did sculptures of humans do?
Portray the ideal human
119
What is philosophy?
Search of truth
120
Who fought and won Peloponnesian war
Athens fought
| Sparta won
121
How did Peloponnesian war start?
Sparta invaded
122
Why did Athens lose?
Plague killed 1/3 of pele
| Invasion of Sicily failed
123
What happened when Athens surrendered?
Political and intellectual crisis
124
Why did philosophers come out?
Loss of Peloponnesian war
125
Socrates
```
Questioned all accepted values
Truth is found in questioning
1 good - knowledge
1 evil - ignorance
Examine your life
Know yourself
Human reason can find truth
```
126
What happened to Socrates?
Executed at 70 for corrupting youth
127
Plato
```
Idealist
Ideas/ forms are ultimately real
Established academy in Athens
The republic
Democracy is mob rule
Best ruler - philosopher king
Allegory of the cave
```
128
What kind of education did Plato want?
Gymnastics
Music
Geometry
129
Aristotle
```
Empiricist
Dealt with real world
Disagreed with Plato
Reality is material
Alexander's tutor
Established Lyceum
Law of syllogism
Scientific and philosophy
```
130
What did Philip do?
Built powerful peasant army
| Conquered Athenian/Theban army
131
What happened to PHILLIP?
Killed in religious feast procession
132
What did Alexander do?
```
Put down Theban and Athenian revolts
Liberated Egypt
Attacked Darius in Persia
Destroyed Persian army near Nineveh
Defeated Indians
```
133
What happened after Alexander died
Empire divided bw three generals
134
Alexander's legacy
Unified govt
Universal greek language
Hellenism- eastern and western culture blend
138
Wrote the elements
Euclid
139
Who warred with Troy?
Mycenae
146
Developed logic based on the law of syllogism
Aristotle
156
Wrote the republic
Plato
158
Assassinated at a marriage feast
Philip II
