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Greece Flashcards

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1
Q

Discovered principles behind the use of pulleys and levers

A

Archimedes

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2
Q

Which civilization was on the island of Crete?

A

Minoan

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3
Q

Knossos was the capital of?

A

Minoan civilization

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4
Q

What was the most important city in the early Aegean civilization?

A

Mycenae

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5
Q

Whose invasion brought about the dark age, ending written language?

A

Dorians

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6
Q

City state

A

Polis

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7
Q

Fortified hilltop of a Greek city state where temples are built

A

Acropolis

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8
Q

Marketplace of a Greek city state

A

Agora

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9
Q

Messenian slaves forced to work the land for Sparta

A

Helots

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10
Q

Striving for excellence and virtue

Heroic ideal

A

Arete

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11
Q

Greek foot soldiers

A

Hoplites

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13
Q

Solon

A

Athenian reformer
Cancelled farmers’ debts
Allowed all male citizens a voice in govt

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14
Q

Peisistratus

A

Banished aristocrats from Athens and gave their land to the poor

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15
Q

Strongman who comes to power through the support of a single class of people (typically the poor)

A

Tyrant

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16
Q

Cleisthenes

A

Athenian leader
Formed council of 500
Began ostracism

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17
Q

Selected official who served as head of Athenian assembly and council of 500

A

Archon

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18
Q

Phalanx

A

Formation of foot soldiers forming a solid wall

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19
Q

Where did the Greeks first defeat Persia?

A

Marathon
Greece was outnumbered
Pheidippides warned Athens not to surrender

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20
Q

Executed at age 70 as a corrupter of youth

A

Socrates

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22
Q

Thermopylae

A

300 Spartans died at this narrow mountain pass allowing others to escape

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23
Q

Salamis

A

Athens routed the Persians by sea

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24
Q

Who was the king at salamis of Persia?

A

Xerxes

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25
Q

What did he do after salamis?

A

Fled to Persia

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26
Q

What was Athens golden age?

A

Center of the Delian league

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27
Q

Created salaried positions in govt
Strengthened navy
Beautified Athens

A

Pericles

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28
Q

Peloponnesian war

A

Athens suffered a plague
Failed to invade Sicily
Sparta won
Sparta forced Athens to tear down their long wall

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29
Q

Idealist

A

Plato

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30
Q

Father of Alexander the Great

A

Philip II

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31
Q

Questioned everything

A

Socrates

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32
Q

Taught Alexander of Macedon

A

Aristotle

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33
Q

Clear and ordered thinking

A

Reason

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34
Q

Logic

A

Process of making inferences

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35
Q

Homer

A

Wrote the Iliad and the odyssey

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36
Q

Wrote the histories of The Persian wars

A

Herodotus

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37
Q

Wrote history of the Peloponnesian wars

A

Thucydides

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38
Q

Mathematician
Musician
Formulated musical doctrine of ethos

A

Pythagoras

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39
Q

Aristarchus

A

Studied movement of stars

Postulated heliocentric universe

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40
Q

Correctly calculated earth’s true size through geometry

A

Eratosthenes

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41
Q

Codified geometric concepts that we still use today

A

Euclid

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42
Q

What city did Alexander found and where and why was it important?

A

Alexandria
Mouth of the Nile
Later culture center for Hellenism

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43
Q

Calculated the value of pi

A

Archimedes

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44
Q

Where and why and how old Alexander died?

A

Fever
Babylon
33

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45
Q

How far did Alexander’s army go?

A

India

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46
Q

Why didn’t the army go farther?

A

The soldiers refused

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47
Q

How old was Alexander when he became king?

A

20

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48
Q

What country did Philip and Alexander rule

A

Macedon

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49
Q

King of Macedon

A

Philip II

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50
Q

What three styles did Alexander and his father use to defeat larger armies?

A

Longer spears
More cavalry
More archers

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52
Q

First major writer of history in Greece

A

Herodotus

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53
Q

Revised laws in Athens, creating first real step towards democracy

A

Solon

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54
Q

Champion of democracy

Rebuilt Athens after Persian war

A

Pericles

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55
Q

First of the Athenian philosophers who questioned things

A

Socrates

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56
Q

Three things about Alexander’s army

A

Small
Well trained
Loyal

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57
Q

Who was Plato a student of? Who did he teach?

A

Socrates

Aristotle

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58
Q

What did Aristotle develop?

A

Logic and making inferences

59
Q

Where can democracy be traced back to?

A

Athens

60
Q

Who could vote in Athens?

A

Men over 20 who had completed military training

61
Q

What were three types of Greek poetry?

A

Lyric
Epic
Descriptive

63
Q

Where is Greece located?

A

Tip of Balkan Peninsula

64
Q

What did the sea do?

A

Link cities

Trade, fishing

65
Q

Why was the sea so important?

A

Mountains blocked land passes

66
Q

How much greek land was arable?

A

25%

67
Q

Climate of Greece?

A

Moderate temperatures
Rainy winters
Dry summers

68
Q

Way of life?

A

Outdoors

Large groups

69
Q

Primary crops

A

Grapes
Wheat
Olives

70
Q

Where was the Minoan civilization located?

A

Crete

71
Q

What ended the Minoan civilization?

A

Sudden disappearance

72
Q

Characteristics of Minoan civilization

A

Bull dancing
Athletic
Technology
Indoor plumbing

73
Q

Mycenaean civilization location

A

Mainland

74
Q

Important culture point of Mycenaean

A

Trade

75
Q

Mycenaeans shown in history where

A

Trojan war

76
Q

What is arête?

A

virtue

Found in books

77
Q

What is hubris?

A

Pride
Leads to downfall
Discouraged

78
Q

4 types of government

A

Monarchy- one man, passed down to son ltd by nobility
Oligarchy - rule by few aristocrats
Tyranny - rule by one man with support of one class - usually lower
Democracy - rule of the people

79
Q

Which two forms of govt go together.

A

Oligarchy and tyranny

80
Q

How did the people gain power?

A

Development of iron weapons
Phalanx
Lower classes gained power in exchange for fighting

81
Q

Where was Sparta located

A

Center of Peloponnesus

82
Q

Who had messenian slaves?

A

Sparta

83
Q

What happened with the messenians?

A

They revolted, but Sparta won though greatly outnumbered

84
Q

Govt of Sparta?

A

Council of elders

Assembly met, but had little power

85
Q

Chief spartan concern?

A

Slave control

86
Q

Secret police in Sparta?

A

Kept tabs on dissidents

87
Q

What happened once a year in Sparta?

A

Troublemakers executed by state

88
Q

Who owned the slaves?

A

The state

89
Q

When did boys leave home?

A

7

90
Q

What happened in the military camps?

A

Boys taught to steal, punished if caught

91
Q

When did men become soldiers?

A

20

92
Q

When did men become citizens

A

30

93
Q

What did spartan men do after 20?

A

Marry, but still lived in dorm

94
Q

What was expected of women?

A

Fit

To fight and raise fighters

95
Q

Where is Athens located?

A

Eastern part of Balkan Peninsula

96
Q

How did Athenian leaders prevent civil war

A

Reform

97
Q

What did Draco do?

A

Institute severe punishments

98
Q

What did Solon do?

A

Cancelled farmers debts
Allowed all male citizens to vote
Did not redistribute land

99
Q

What was Pisistratus and what did he do?

A

Tyrant

Banished aristocrats and gave their land to the poor

100
Q

What did cleisthenes do?

A

Create council of 500

Introduced ostracism to limit power of nobles

101
Q

What happens in there first Persian invasion?

A

Athens supported greek rebellion in Asia
Marathon
Darius

102
Q

What happened in the second invasion?

A

Xerxes led the Persian army and navy down east coast of Greece
Thermopylae
Evacuation of Athens
Salamis

103
Q

How many days was Thermopylae held by small greek force?

A

3

104
Q

How was Thermopylae ended?

A

Greek traitor showed secret passage

105
Q

What was salamis?

A

A gulf

106
Q

Why did Greeks win salamis?

A

Smaller ships
Persians couldn’t maneuver
Greeks rammed Persians below water line

107
Q

what did xerxes do after salamis?

A

Fled with half his army

Defeated again at plataea

108
Q

What happens to Athens after salamis?

A

Leading greek polis
Golden age
Leader of Delian league

109
Q

Who led Athens golden age?

A

Pericles

110
Q

What did Pericles do?

A

Created salaried govt positions
Strengthened navy to protect trade
Beautified Athens with money from Delian league

111
Q

How was Athens creative

A

Architecture
Drama
Art
Philosophy

112
Q

What style of architecture?

A

Classic

113
Q

Types of drama

A

Tragedies and comedies

114
Q

Tragedies

A

Hubris leads to downfall

Has a message

115
Q

Comedies

A

Ridiculed politicians and ideas

116
Q

Types of art

A

Sculpture and pottery

117
Q

Major export in art

A

Red and black vases

118
Q

What did sculptures of humans do?

A

Portray the ideal human

119
Q

What is philosophy?

A

Search of truth

120
Q

Who fought and won Peloponnesian war

A

Athens fought

Sparta won

121
Q

How did Peloponnesian war start?

A

Sparta invaded

122
Q

Why did Athens lose?

A

Plague killed 1/3 of pele

Invasion of Sicily failed

123
Q

What happened when Athens surrendered?

A

Political and intellectual crisis

124
Q

Why did philosophers come out?

A

Loss of Peloponnesian war

125
Q

Socrates

A 
Questioned all accepted values
Truth is found in questioning
1 good - knowledge
1 evil - ignorance
Examine your life
Know yourself
Human reason can find truth
126
Q

What happened to Socrates?

A

Executed at 70 for corrupting youth

127
Q

Plato

A 
Idealist
Ideas/ forms are ultimately real
Established academy in Athens
The republic
Democracy is mob rule
Best ruler - philosopher king
Allegory of the cave
128
Q

What kind of education did Plato want?

A

Gymnastics
Music
Geometry

129
Q

Aristotle

A 
Empiricist
Dealt with real world
Disagreed with Plato
Reality is material
Alexander's tutor
Established Lyceum
Law of syllogism
Scientific and philosophy
130
Q

What did Philip do?

A

Built powerful peasant army

Conquered Athenian/Theban army

131
Q

What happened to PHILLIP?

A

Killed in religious feast procession

132
Q

What did Alexander do?

A 
Put down Theban and Athenian revolts
Liberated Egypt
Attacked Darius in Persia
Destroyed Persian army near Nineveh
Defeated Indians
133
Q

What happened after Alexander died

A

Empire divided bw three generals

134
Q

Alexander’s legacy

A

Unified govt
Universal greek language
Hellenism- eastern and western culture blend

138
Q

Wrote the elements

A

Euclid

139
Q

Who warred with Troy?

A

Mycenae

146
Q

Developed logic based on the law of syllogism

A

Aristotle

156
Q

Wrote the republic

A

Plato

158
Q

Assassinated at a marriage feast

A

Philip II

World History (14 decks)

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