Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

World History > Spring Final > Flashcards

Spring Final Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
0
Q

3 vows taken by a monk

A

chastity
obedience
poverty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

5 pillars of Islam

A
  • faith in the one god Allah and his prophet Mohammed
  • alms to the needy
  • fasting during sunlight hours of Ramadan
  • pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime
  • prayer five times daily
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

three major characteristics of the ideal Renaissance man

A

artist
scholar
athlete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 main ideas behind Luther’s teachings

A

justification by faith alone, not works
Bible is the only authority (Scripture, not traditions)
priesthood of all believers (access through Christ alone, not priests)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

5 tenets of Calvinism

A 
total depravity
unconditional election
limited atonement
irresistible grace
perseverance of the saints
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the eastern church became known as the ________ church

A

orthodox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

___ preserved the knowledge of Ancient Greece and Rome in the early Middle Ages by copying manuscripts

A

monasteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Renaissance literally means (or is translated) ______

A

rebirth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

became a missionary to the Irish after being enslaved in Ireland as a youth

A

Patrick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the founder of the Muslim faith and the prophet of Allah

A

Mohammed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

created a rule for monastic life

A

Benedict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

defeated Muslim invaders at Tours and ended the Muslim march through Spain

A

Charles Martel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the Muslim “struggle for the faith” often translated holy war

A

jihad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

organized the Frankish land into countries and revived learning and literacy
crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 AD

A

Charlemagne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

“The Conqueror”
won the Battle of Hastings to win the English crown
distributed the lands he won to his Norman supporters and to the church

A

William I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

wrote SUMMA THEOLOGICA in an attempt to ground the Christian faith in Aristotelian logic

A

Thomas Aquinas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

an association of people who worked at the same occupation

A

guild

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

a gathering of scholars dedicated to passing on knowledge

began in Europe in the 1100s

A

university

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the practice of buying and selling church offices

A

Simony

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

a ceremony performed by a feudal lord or king which granted an individual a church office

A

lay investiture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Renaissance scholars who studied the art and literature of Ancient Greece and Rome

A

Humanists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the Italian who crafted a poetic form known as the sonnet

climbed Mount Ventoux for pleasure

A

Francisco Petrarch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the Italian sculptor who may be best known for his painting in the Sistine Chapel “The Last Judgment”

A

Michelangelo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

controlled the politics of Florence through its support of the arts and public works

A

Medici family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

wrote THE DIVINE COMEDY in the vernacular - Italian

A

Dante Alighieri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

the Italian artist painted frescoes with lifelike figures

A

Giotto di Bondone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the ideal Renaissance man

an inventor, an artist, and a scientist who kept numerous notebooks filled with thoughts and sketches

A

Leonardo DaVinci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

wrote THE PRINCE to advise rulers on how to retain political power

A

Niccolo Machiavelli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

opened a school for navigators in Portugal and sponsored voyages along the west coast of Africa

A

Prince Henry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

the first European to reach the southern tip of Africa, which his king named “Cape of Good Hope”

A

Bartholomeu Dias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

led the first expedition to sail around Africa to India, giving Portugal a sea route to the East

A

Vasco de Gama

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

attempted to sail west to reach the Far East

on his first voyage he first landed on San Salvador and claimed it for Spain

A

Christopher Columbus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

crossed what is now Panama to claim the Pacific Ocean for Spain

A

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

led the first voyage around the world in 1519

killed in the Philippines

A

Ferdinand Magellan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

became the second man to circumnavigate the globe

English sailor

A

Francis Drake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

explored North America for the English and the Dutch

A

Henry Hudson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

the “morning star” of the Protestant Reformation

an English cleric who called on the church to give up her earthly possessions

A

John Wycliffe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

a Bohemian priest who preached against the immorality of the church

was tried for heresy and burned at the stake in 1412

A

Jan Hus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The Reformation began in the area known today as _____

A

Germany

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

the Christian humanist from Holland who wrote IN PRAISE OF FOLLY and also prepared the first printing of the Greek New Testament

A

Desiderius Erasmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

the Christian humanist from England who wrote UTOPIA and was later executed by the king

A

Thomas More

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

the greatest English playwright of all time

A

William Shakespeare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

credited with inventing the moveable-type printing press

A

Johannes Gutenberg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

a letter which provides forgiveness for certain sins

A

indulgence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

considered the beginning of the Reformation

A

the nailing of the 95 Theses on the church door at Wittenburg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Martin Luther was protesting the sale of indulgences by the friar —–

A

Johan Tetzel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

the key concept in Luther’s theology is _____

A

justification by faith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

The leader of the Swiss Reformation in Zurich was _____

A

Ulrich Zwingli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

the nature of the _____ separated the Lutheran and the Swiss Reformations at the Marburg Colloquy

A

Eucharist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

broke with the Catholic Church to form the Church of England primarily in order to divorce Catherine of Aragon

A

Henry VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

In 1533 Henry secretly married ____ who later gave birth to another daughter, Elizabeth

A

Anne Boleyn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

John Calvin wrote _______, a book which became very influential in Protestant thinking

A

Institutes of the Christian Religion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

the doctrine that, since the beginning of time, God has called the “elect” to salvation

A

Predestination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

a government controlled by church leaders

A

theocracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

the Holy Roman Emperor who issued the Edict of Worms but could not capture Luther

A

Charles V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

studied theology under Calvin

later returned to Scotland and led the Presbyterian church

A

John Knox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

founded the Jesuit order in 1534 and established missions, schools, and universities around the world

A

Ignatius of Loyola

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

the global exchange of plants, animals, and disease between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres

A

Columbian Exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

investors buy shares of stock in order to share the profits

A

joint-stock company

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Spanish officials who ruled over a large colonial area in the king’s name

A

viceroys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

conquered the Aztecs of central Mexico

A

Hernando Cortes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

conquered the Incas of Peru

A

Francisco Pizarro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

the ruler of the Aztecs

A

Moctezuma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

a priest who objected to the treatment of Native Americans by the Spanish government

A

Bartolome de las Casas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

first postulated the heliocentric theory in ON THE REVOLUTIONS OF THE HEAVENLY SPHERES

A

Nicholas Copernicus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

formulated the three laws of planetary motion

A

Johannes Kepler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

built a telescope and wrote THE STARRY MESSENGER to support the heliocentric theory
later forced to recant

A

Galileo Galilei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

published ON THE WORKINGS OF THE HUMAN BODY

A

Andreas Vesalius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

a French philosopher who argued that everything should be doubted until it could be proven by reason

A

Rene Descartes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

demonstrated that the heart acts as a pump to circulate blood

A

William Harvey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

the Catholic teaching that the bread of the Eucharist is transformed into Jesus’ body

A

transubstantiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

refused to fight against its persecutors

A

Radical Reformers or Anabaptists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

The Peace of Augsburg recognized the existence of the _____ Church within formerly Catholic lands

A

Lutheran

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

became known as the Episcopalian Church in the US

A

Anglican Church

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

began in Zurich and Geneva

led to the Presbyterian church in Scotland and the US

A

the Reformed Church

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

the Radical Reformers baptized only ______

they believed in a complete _______ of church and state

A

believers

separation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

the first to be called “Protestants”

A

the Lutheran movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

3 motivations for exploring the New World

A

gold
God
glory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

the 3 estates in pre-Revolutionary France

A

clergy
nobility
commoners - bourgeoise, peasants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

5 characteristics of the Enlightenment

A 
reason
nature - orderly
happiness
progress
liberty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

slogan of the American Revolution

A

no taxation without representation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

slogan of the French Revolution

A

liberty, equality, fraternity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Which revolution wanted to destroy society?

A

French

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Which revolution wished to reform society?

A

American

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Which revolution was based on Christian foundations?

A

American

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

which revolution was avowedly atheistic?

A

French

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

Which revolution was utopian and believed in the perfectibility of humans?

A

France

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

Which revolution believed humans were prone to evil?

A

American

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

Which revolution gave rise to even further violence?

A

French

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

Which revolution quickly established a stable government?

A

American

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

the Catholic ruler of Spain who attempted to defeat both the Muslim Ottoman Turks and the English and Dutch Protestants in battle

A

Philip II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

wrote DON QUIXOTE DE LA MANCHA in order to ridicule the medieval ideal of chivalry

A

Miguel de Cervantes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

made England the greatest naval power in the world and won popular support for Elizabeth

A

the defeat of the Spanish Armada

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

ruled France through her sons

ordered the St. Bartholomew Day Massacre of French Protestants

A

Catherine de Medici

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

became a Catholic in order to rule France
Paris is worth a mass
Issued the Edict of Nantes guaranteeing French Protestants the right to construct a building for worship in every city except Paris

A

Henry IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

placed great emphasis on reason using mathematics and logic to prove basic truths
I think, therefore I am

A

Rene Descartes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

led England in the via media for 46 years

A

Elizabeth 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

plotted against her cousin, the English queen, and was later beheaded

A

Mary Stuart Queen of Scots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

perhaps the greatest author of all time

wrote such works as HAMLET, OTHELLO, and ROMEO AND JULIET

A

William Shakespeare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

wrote LEVIATHAN

believed that, because humans were naturally evil, an absolute monarchy was the best form of government

A

Thomas Hobbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

wrote two TREATISES ON GOVERNMENT to explain in what circumstances individuals might be justified in rebelling against their government
believed government must provide a framework which guaranteed one’s life, liberty, and property

A

John Locke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

bold English pirates who raided Spanish shipping

A

sea dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

the English noblemen who remained loyal to Charles I during the English Civil War

A

Cavaliers/Royalists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

the Puritan supporters of the Parliament during the English Civil War

A

Roundheads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

French Calvinists

A

Hugenots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

the theory that royal power came from God

A

divine right of kings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
106
Q

an unwritten agreement between government and human society to maintain peace, safety, and order by giving up certain rights

A

social contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
107
Q

an economic system which operates without governmental interference

A

laissez-faire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
108
Q

a forced transfer of military or political power

A

coup d-etat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
109
Q

the first Stuart king of England and a vocal proponent of divine right
directed an English translation of the Bible

A

James I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
110
Q

led the royal forces during the English Civil War

later captured, tried, found guilty of treason, and beheaded

A

Charles I

111
Q

led the forces who were loyal to the Parliament during the English Civil War
named Lord Protector of the Commonwealth

A

Oliver Cromwell

112
Q

the “Merry Monarch” who led England during the Restoration

secretly received funds from Louis XIV of France

A

Charles II

113
Q

the king of England for only three years

after the birth of his son, he was forced to flee to France

A

James II

114
Q

enthroned by the Glorious Revolution

in order to rule as sovereigns, they signed a Bill of Rights guaranteeing the English people certain rights

A

William and Mary

115
Q

the “terrible” who killed thousands in Novgorod and eventually killed his own son

A

Ivan IV

116
Q

the first Czar to travel in Western Europe

worked to westernize Russia

A

Peter I the Great

117
Q

led the nation of Prussia during this time

A

Hohenzollerns family

118
Q

led the nation of Austria-Hungary

A

Hapsburg family

119
Q

the king of Prussia who assumed the title “first servant” but refused to end serfdom or torture

A

Frederick II

120
Q

the princess made queen of Austria-Hungary by the Pragmatic Sanction
was attacked by Prussia

A

Maria Theresa

121
Q

in order to pay for the French and Indian war, the British decided to

A

tax the American colonies

122
Q

the location of the “shot heard ‘round the world” which began the American Revolution

A

Lexington

123
Q

this American victory allowed Benjamin Franklin to gain help from the French

A

Saratoga

124
Q

the victory at ______ over Lord Cornwallis ended the American Revolution

A

Yorktown

125
Q

penned the US Declaration of Independence

A

Thomas Jefferson

126
Q

the first written plan of government for the United States

A

Articles of Confederation

127
Q

became known as the Sun King

became king at age 5

A

Louis XIV

128
Q

the home to French kings during the 1700s

A

Versailles

129
Q

the greatest Baroque composer

wrote fugues, counterpoint, etc. to the glory of God

A

J. S. Bach

130
Q

mocked French society and culture in plays, poetry, novels, essays, over 20,000 letters and over 2000 books and pamphlets

A

Voltaire

131
Q

believed that society corrupted people
wrote THE SOCIAL CONTRACT
Man is born free, but everywhere is in chains

A

Jean Jacques Rousseau

132
Q

led the National Assembly (and the Committee of Public Safety) during the Reign of Terror

A

Maximilian Robespierre

133
Q

brought together astronomy, physics, and mathematics

wrote MATHEMATICAL PRINCIPLES OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY

A

Isaac Newton

134
Q

used reason to analyze economic systems in his 1776 book WEALTH OF NATIONS

A

Adam Smith

135
Q

the French philosophe who wrote THE ENCYCLOPEDIA

A

Denis Diderot

136
Q

believed that without an all-powerful government to restrain evil, life would be “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short”

A

Thomas Hobbes

137
Q

a powerful symbol of the French Revolution on July 14, 1789

A

the fall of the Bastille

138
Q

the third estate’s vow to continue to meet until they had created a constitution

A

the Tennis Court Oath

139
Q

a set of revolutionary ideas adopted by the French National Assembly in 1789

A

the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

140
Q

the radicals’ attempt to maintain control of the French Revolution through a series of accusations, trials, and executions coordinated by the Committee of Public Safety

A

Reign of Terror

141
Q

When Napoleon was crowned Emperor of France, who placed the crown on his head?

A

himself

142
Q

Napoleon’s attempt to destroy Britain’s economy through a naval blockade

A

the Continental System

143
Q

In 1812 Napoleon invaded Russia, but the Russians’ _____ and ____ resulted in his defeat

A

scorched earth policy

freezing temperatures

144
Q

Napoleon was finally defeated at the ______ after his escape from his first exile and the “Hundred Days”

A

Battle of Waterloo

145
Q

3 factors of production

A

labor
capital
land

146
Q

5 characteristics of the Romantic movement

A 
emphasis on passion, emotion
focus on the individual
love of untamed nature
emphasis on the supernatural and grotesque
celebration of the past
147
Q

when landowners purchased additional land and fenced it, throwing small farmers off their land

A

enclosure movement

148
Q

a work stoppage used to force employers to raise wages and improve working conditions

A

strike

149
Q

the belief that government or society should control major industries for the good of all the people

A

socialism

150
Q

the belief that government should won all means of production and control all economic planning

A

communism

151
Q

a rebellion against the machines that were harmful to the commonality

A

Luddite movement

152
Q

someone who risks his money to start a new business planning to make profits

A

entrepreneur

153
Q

an organization formed to represent the interests of workers

A

labor union

154
Q

invented the cotton gin

A

Eli Whitney

155
Q

the Scottish instrument maker who developed an improved steam engine in 1712

A

James Watt

156
Q

built the CLERMONT, a steamship which operated on the Hudson River between New York City and Albany

A

Robert Fulton

157
Q

wrote DAS KAPITAL to propound “scientific socialism” which would inevitably take the form of a revoltuion

A

Karl Marx

158
Q

disproved the idea of spontaneous generation and demonstrated the link between microbes and disease

A

Louis Pasteur

159
Q

demonstrated that light acts simultaneously as a wave and as a particle
developed a special theory of relativity

A

Albert Einstein

160
Q

invented the telephone in 1876

A

Alexander Graham Bell

161
Q

credited with inventing the telegraph in 1837

A

Samuel Morse

162
Q

developed the first usable and practical electric light bulb

he also invented the phonograph

A

Thomas Edison

163
Q

built a line of affordable vehicles called the Model T by using the assembly line

A

Henry Ford

164
Q

used dogs to study conditioned reflexes

A

Ivan Pavlov

165
Q

Marx’s primary understanding of history was

A

a continuing struggle between classes

166
Q

published ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES to explain his theory of evolution

A

Charles Darwin

167
Q

began the study of psychoanalysis

A

Sigmund Freud

168
Q

an artistic movement which sought to capture the “general sense” of a scene rather than the exact reproduction through light, vivid color, and motion

A

Impressionism

169
Q

what part of the psyche is on top, and what is it about?

A

super-ego
subconscious rules and values
I shouldn’t

170
Q

what part of the psyche is on the inside

A

ego
our conscious thinking selves
I am

171
Q

what part of the psyche is on the bottom?

A

id
our subconscious desires and urges
I want

172
Q

led to mass starvation in Ireland in the mid 1800s

A

a blight on the potato crop

173
Q

falsely accused and convicted in 1894 of giving French military secrets to Germany
finally cleared in 1906

A

Alfred Dreyfuss

174
Q

declared the Americas off-limits to further European colonization in 1823

A

The Monroe Doctrine

175
Q

the belief that the US should settle land from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans

A

Manifest destiny

176
Q

Otto von Bismarck’s political philosophy to bring about German unification through practical rather than idealistic actions

A

realpolitick

177
Q

Bismark argued that _____ would win Germany, not —

A

blood and iron

speeches and ballots

178
Q

in 1871 Wilhelm I was proclaimed the first ___ of Germany

A

kaiser

179
Q

the Compromise of 1867, the Bitter Compromise, created the ______ of Austria-Hungary

A

Dual Monarchy

180
Q

the conflict on the coast of the Black Sea between Russia and the combined forces of Great Britain, France, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia

A

the Crimean War

181
Q

the Ottoman Empire lost territory in the ____ during the 1800s and early 1900s
difficult terrain and diverse ethnic groups made it a difficult area to unite

A

Balkans

182
Q

the attack on Father Gapon and a group of protestors outside the Winter Palace by Russian troops

A

Bloody Sunday

183
Q

the process by which one nation or people could control another

A

Imperialism

184
Q

the nation of India was primarily controlled by who during the 1800s?

A

Great Britain

185
Q

was sparked over beef and pork fat used in rifle cartridges

A

The Sepoy Rebellion

186
Q

divided into “spheres of influence” rather than colonies

A

China

187
Q

this Asian nation chose to modernize and was later able to defeat Russia in war

A

Japan

188
Q

an attack on western missionaries and Chinese converts to Christianity in 1899

A

the Boxer Rebellion

189
Q

the term used by Rudyard Kipling to describe the responsibility of spreading Western European civilization to those less cultured than themselves

A

The White Man’s Burden

190
Q

the only two African nations to remain independent of European colonization during the 1800s

A

Liberia and Ethiopia

191
Q

4 main causes of World War 1

A

militarism
alliances
imperialism
nationalism

192
Q

4 new weapons used in World War I

A

airplanes
machine guns
poison guns
submarines/U-boats

193
Q

3 results of World War 2

A

40 million dead
Cold War begins
US and USSR emerge as superpowers

194
Q

information designed to influence people’s opinions in order to support the war effort

A

propaganda

195
Q

the area between opposing trenches

A

no man’s land

196
Q

the Chinese Communists’ journey to find a safe place in western China

A

the Long March

197
Q

the attempt by a government to control all aspects of life

A

totalitarianism

198
Q

the government makes all major decisions about the production of goods in this system

A

centralized planning

199
Q

the deliberate destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group

A

genocide

200
Q

FDR’s program to increase government spending and to create new laws regulating the stock market and banking system

A

the New Deal

201
Q

a system of labor camps in Siberia

A

gulag

202
Q

a totalitarian system based on extreme nationalism

founded by Benito Mussolini

A

Fascism

203
Q

giving in to aggressive demands in order to maintain peace

A

appeasement

204
Q

the “powder keg” with the most visible power struggle during the early 1900s

A

the Balkans

205
Q

the spark which set off World War I

A

the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

206
Q

After Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, who began mobilizing to support Serbia in case of attack?

A

Russia

207
Q

the Schlieffen plan called for Germany to

A

attack France quickly through Belgium

208
Q

Germany’s quick sweep toward France led who to enter the war?

A

Great Britain

209
Q

saved the city of Paris and halted the German advance in France

A

the Marne

210
Q

died from violence and starvation in the spring of 1915 when Ottoman leaders began removing them from the Caucasus mountain region, claiming that they were assisting the Russian invaders

A

600,000 Armenians

211
Q

caused public opinion in the US in May 1915 to turn against Germany

A

the sinking of the Lusitania

212
Q

a secret message from Germany promising that if Mexico attacked the US, Germany would see that Mexico got back part of the land she lost in the Mexican War

A

the Zimmerman Note

213
Q

ended WWI

A

the Treaty of Versailles

214
Q

The French leader in WWI

A

Georges Clemenceau

215
Q

Clemenceau’s goal

A

buffer zone between Germany and France

216
Q

The British leader in WWI

A

David Lloyd George

217
Q

George’s goal in WWI

A

German Navy destroyed

218
Q

US’s leader in WWI

A

Woodrow Wilson

219
Q

Wilson’s goal in WWI

A

League of Nations and the 14 points

220
Q

a self proclaimed holy man and healer who became Czarina Alexandra’s personal advisor

A

Gregory Rasputin

221
Q

appointed by the Duma to lead Russia’s provisional government in February 1917

A

Alexander Kerensky

222
Q

the leader of the Bolshevik party during the early twentieth century and is considered the father of the Russian Revolution

A

Vladimir Lenin

223
Q

re-elected president of the US in 1916 on the slogan “he kept us out of war”

A

Woodrow Wilson

224
Q

led the Chinese Communist Party during the Chinese Civil War

A

Mao Zedong

225
Q

the Indian leader who practiced non-violence toward living things and civil disobedience to injustice

A

Mohandas Ghandi

226
Q

the US president who favored a minimal government response to the Great Depression

A

Herbert Hoover

227
Q

“March on Rome” brought him to power in 1922

later known as Il Duce

A

Benito Mussolini

228
Q

replaced Lenin as Soviet leader in 1924,

Great Purge eliminated thousands of enemies

A

Joseph Stalin

229
Q

the charismatic leader who became German chancellor in 1933

became known as the Fuhrer

A

Adolph Hitler

230
Q

Japan attempted to justify her invasion of _____ in 1931 by blowing up a section of Japanese railway and blaming China for it

A

Manchuria

231
Q

Italian forces invaded the African nation of ____ in 1935

A

Ethiopia

232
Q

died when Stalin refused to send food during a famine in 1932

A

millions of Ukrainians

233
Q

while in prison for an unsuccessful coup attempt, Hitler wrote

A

Mein Kampf

My Struggle

234
Q

After annexing Austria, Hitler met with French and British leaders at ________ and they all agreed to allow Germany to annex part of the nation of ______

A

Munich

Czechoslovakia

235
Q

British prime minister who believed that this agreement with Hitler would create “peace in our time”

A

Neville Chamberlain

236
Q

the division of ____ between Germany and the Soviet Union was a secret section of the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

A

Poland

237
Q

German forces relied on an attack known as the ____ to create panic and quickly overwhelm resistance

A

blitzkrieg

238
Q

some 300,000 Allied troops were rescued in the evacuation of

A

Dunkirk

239
Q

Hitler established special camps in the nation of _____ for the primary purpose of killing large numbers of Jews and destroying their bodies

A

Poland

240
Q

became the new prime minister of Great Britain saying he could bring nothing but blood toil, tears, sweat in May 1940

A

Winston Churchill

241
Q

In the Battle for Britain, the British used a new technology called

A

radar

242
Q

In June 1941, Hitler sent German troops into _______ breaking his promise to Stalin

A

Soviet Union

243
Q

FDR called Pearl Harbor

A

a day that will live in infamy

244
Q

led a small number of American and Filipino troops in a doomed defense of the Philippines

A

Douglas MacArthur

245
Q

the Allied strategy of skipping Japanese strongholds and capturing weaker targets to use as bases for further attacks

A

Island hopping

246
Q

Japanese pilots who loaded their planes with explosives and deliberately crashed into Allied ships

A

kamikazes

247
Q

The Allied invasion of France on the beaches of Normandy

A

D-Day

248
Q

the first to reach Berlin where they discovered that Hitler had taken his own life

A

the Soviet Union

249
Q

decided to drop the atomic bomb on Japanese cities in hopes that it would force Japan to surrender

A

Harry Truman

250
Q

the site of the first atomic bomb dropped in a war setting

A

Hiroshima

251
Q

brought more than 200 former Nazis and military leaders to justice for roles in war crimes

A

Nuremberg Trials

252
Q

the struggle between communism and capitalist democracy that began shortly after the end of WWII

A

Cold War

253
Q

Winston Churchill used the image of a ___ to describe the sharp division between Eastern and Western Europe that resulted from Soviet actions

A

iron curtain

254
Q

The West followed a Cold War policy known as ____ that involved resisting Soviet aggression to limit the spread of communism

A

containment

255
Q

supplied the former German capital with food and fuel in response to a Soviet blockade

A

Berlin airlift

256
Q

responded with troops assembled from seventeen different nations in June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea

A

United Nations

257
Q

However the success of the UN offensive brought in forces from ____ to aid the North Koreans

A

China

258
Q

In October 1957 the Soviets launched the ______, history’s first artificial satellite

A

Sputnik

259
Q

this invasion of Cuba in April 1961 failed to topple the government of Fidel Castro and reflected badly on the US government

A

Bay of Pigs

260
Q

In 1962, __ brought the Soviet Union and the US to the brink of nuclear war

A

the Cuban Missile Crisis

261
Q

sought to “de-Stalinize” the Soviet Union, loosening some of the more drastic economic and political restrictions

A

Nikita Khrushchev

262
Q

Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet leader from 1985-1991, began an era of ______ , the willingness to discuss Soviet problems openly

A

glastnost

263
Q

In November 1989 Germans spontaneously began tearing down the

A

Berlin Wall

264
Q

The Islamist terrorist organization______ launched an attack on the World Trade Center and the US Pentagon on September 11, 2001

A

al Qaeda

265
Q

an Islamist terrorist group governing Afghanistan

A

Taliban

266
Q

2 new nations - Hindu _____ and East and West ______ for Muslims
were created in 1947 by Great Britain

A

India

Pakistan

267
Q

a Catholic nun founded the Missionaries of Charity in Kolkata (Calcutta)

A

Mother Theresa

268
Q

the French lost control of Vietnam at the battle of

A

Dien Bien Phu

269
Q

the Communist leader of the Vietminh, ______ received assistance from both China and the Soviet Union

A

Ho Chi Minh

270
Q

postulated that if one nation such as Vietnam fell to communism, other nations would quickly follow

A

domino theory

271
Q

QUOTATIONS FROM CHAIRMAN MAO, also known as ______, was a collection of Mao Zedong’s writings which became the Chinese Commnists’ Bible

A

Little Red Book

272
Q

Mao’s program to create a society in which peasants and physical labor were the ideal
as a result, teachers, skilled workers, and artists were tortured

A

Cultural Revolution

273
Q

ended the pro-democracy protest in the spring of 1989

A

the Tiananmen Square Massacre

274
Q

the Chinese Guomindang (Nationalist) party moved to the island of ______ after the civil war

A

Taiwan

World History (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions