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World History > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

0
Q

What are seasonal winds which bring rain?

A

Monsoons

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1
Q

What is a large landmass that is part of a continent?

A

Subcontinent

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2
Q

During the 1920’s, archaeologists discovered what two cities?

A

Harappa and Mohenjo Daro

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3
Q

What is a fortress built in some cities?

A

Citadel

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4
Q

Where do you find citadels?

A

Indus Valley civilization

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5
Q

What country gets monsoons?

A

India

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6
Q

When did Aryan invasion begin?

A

The Vedic period

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7
Q

What is the origin of the word aryan?

A

Sanskrit

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8
Q

What does aryan mean?

A

Noble

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9
Q

What is a war leader who was responsible for protecting villages?

A

Raja

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10
Q

When were rajas used?

A

Vedic India

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11
Q

How many classes was the Vedic society divided into?

A

Four

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12
Q

What were the classes called?

A

Varnas

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13
Q

What were the Varnas divided into?

A

Castes

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14
Q

What is the group that exists outside of social classes?

A

Untouchables

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15
Q

What do the untouchables do?

A

The jobs no one else will

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16
Q

What is an atman?

A

A soul

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17
Q

Two things about the atman

A

Every individual has one

It cannot be destroyed

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18
Q

The passing of the inner self from body to body

A

Reincarnation

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19
Q

What is reincarnation in Hindi?

A

Samsara

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20
Q

The Hindu ethical law of cause and effect

A

Karma

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21
Q

What can karma effect?

A

Things in this life, and the nature of the next

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22
Q

The ultimate goal of human existence

A

Maksha

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23
Q

What is maksha?

A

The perfect understanding which liberates one from reincarnation to be joined with the One

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24
Q

What is a set of duties and obligations for each social class called?

A

Dharma

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25
Q

Who was Buddhism founded by?

A

Siddhartha Gautama

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26
Q

What was Gautama’s other name?

A

Buddha

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27
Q

What does Buddha mean?

A

Enlightened One

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28
Q

What are the four noble truths?

A
  1. Suffering is an inescapable part of human life.
  2. Suffering comes from desires for pleasure and material things.
  3. Overcoming desire brings suffering to an end.
  4. Desire can be overcome by following the eight fold path.
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29
Q

What is the goal of Buddhism?

A

Nirvana

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30
Q

What is nirvana?

A

The state of perfect peace in which one is freed form pain and selfishness

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31
Q

Who unified India?

A

Chandragupta Maur

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32
Q

When did Maur do it?

A

Mauryan empire

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33
Q

What was his policy?

A

Government is the science of punishment

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34
Q

Which emperor embraced Buddhism?

A

Ashoka

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35
Q

What did he do?

A

Sent missionaries across the Himalayas into SE Asia

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36
Q

What are the two main rivers of China?

A

Yangzi/Chang Jiang

Yellow/huang he

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37
Q

What do the floods from the yellow river bring?

A

Fine dusty Yellow soil called loess

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38
Q

Religion under the Shang dynasty centered on what?

A

Ancestral worship

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39
Q

Where did the Shang seek advice for the future?

A

Oracle bones

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40
Q

What is another modern day use of oracle bones?

A

Earliest example of Chinese writing

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41
Q

Rulers of the Zhou dynasty taught that they ruled by what?

A

The Mandate of Heaven

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42
Q

Who taught to love and respect by practicing traditional manners and rituals such as honoring ancestors?

A

Confucius

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43
Q

Where were his thoughts collected?

A

The analects

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44
Q

What philosophy focused on finding the way by balancing nature to find perfect harmony?

A

Dao

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45
Q

Where were many dao teachings from?

A

Laozi

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46
Q

What did he write?

A

Dao de Jing

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47
Q

Which dynasty came to power in 221 BC?

A

Qin

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48
Q

Who was the ruler of this empire?

A

Shi Huangdi

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49
Q

What does his name mean?

A

First emperor

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50
Q

What philosophy taught that a powerful and efficient government was key to order and control?

A

Legalism

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51
Q

Why was the Great Wall of China built?

A

To strengthen defenses on the north border of China

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52
Q

Who was the greatest ruler of the Han dynasty?

A

Wudi

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53
Q

What did the Han government create?

A

Civil service system

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54
Q

What was it used for?

A

To determine who qualified for positions in government

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55
Q

What became the official government philosophy in the Han dynasty?

A

Confucianism

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56
Q

What is obedience and devotion to parents and grandparents?

A

Filial piety

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57
Q

What were the famous overland routes used by merchants between China and Central Asia?

A

Silk roads

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58
Q

What is a triangular deposit of silt at the mouth of a river?

A

Delta

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59
Q

What did the Egyptians call their country?

A

The black land

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60
Q

What is a rocky stretch in a river marked by swift currents and rapids?

A

Cataract

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61
Q

Who united Egypt?

A

Menes

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62
Q

Where was he from?

A

The upper kingdom

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63
Q

What does pharaoh mean?

A

Great house

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64
Q

What is a state ruled by religious figures?

A

Theocracy

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65
Q

What is a highly structured organization managed by officials?

A

Bureaucracy

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66
Q

When did the Middle Kingdom end?

A

The invasion of the Hyksos

67
Q

Who was Hatshepsut?

A

The only woman pharaoh

68
Q

What did she do?

A

Encourage foreign trade

69
Q

What name did amenhotep IV take and what does it mean?q

A

Akhenaten

Worship of aten

70
Q

What did Akhenaten do?

A

Convert Egypt from polytheism to worshipping Aton only

71
Q

Who was the last great pharaoh?

72
Q

What did he do?

A

Led war against the Hittites

began massive building program

73
Q

When did the new kingdom begin to decline?

A

The invasion of the sea peoples

74
Q

Who was Amon-Re?

A

The king of the gods

The father of pharaoh

75
Q

Who was Anubis?

A

The protector of the dead

Head of a jackal

76
Q

Who was Osiris?

A

Brought civilization to Egypt

Murdered, but later became judge of the dead after being revived by wife

77
Q

Who was Isis?

A

Osiris’s wife
The goddess of nature
The protector of women

78
Q

Who was the son of Osiris and Isis and what did he do?

A

Horus
First king of Egypt
Falcon head

79
Q

What is a tall thin pillar with pyramid shaped tops?

80
Q

What is the spirit of the person which escapes at death?

81
Q

What was the main Egyptian writing system?

A

Hieroglyphics

82
Q

What does hieroglyphics mean?

A

Sacred carving

83
Q

What is papyrus?

A

A reedy plant that grew along the Nile used as a writing surface

84
Q

What led to deciphering hieroglyphics and demotic characters?

A

Champollion’s discovery of the Rosetta Stone

85
Q

What did the Egyptians develop to build the pyramids and survey land?

86
Q

What were Egyptians the masters of, and what did they do with it?

A

Anatomy

Set bones, treat wounds, remove tumors

87
Q

What was the region of Nubia?

A

South of the first Nile cataract

Gold, granite, and gems

88
Q

What state developed around Kerma?

89
Q

Who led the kushites to invade Egypt?

A

Piankhi in 750 BC

90
Q

Where did Kushite civilization center?

A

Meröe, near two rivers

91
Q

Who defeated Kush, resulting in disappearance from history?

92
Q

Who is the goddess of lower Egypt?

93
Q

Who is the goddess of upper Egypt?

94
Q

Describe united crown.

A

Red and whire

95
Q

In which age were the pyramids begun?

96
Q

Who headed the government?

97
Q

What are the characteristics of a pharaoh?

A 
Absolute power
Judge
Leader of army
Believed to be a god
Responsible for prosperity of land
98
Q

What was a vizier?

A

The most powerful official

99
Q

When did the old kingdom end?q

A

Powerful nobles asserted authority

First illness

100
Q

What began during Middle Kingdom?

A

Fortresses around the Nile

101
Q

Who did Egypt trade with in the Middle Kingdom?

A

Nubia, Phoenicia, minoa, and others

102
Q

What was it called when the Hyksos invaded?

A

Second illness

103
Q

What did pharaohs build in the new kingdom?

104
Q

What is Egypt often called?

A

The gift of the Nile

105
Q

Where is the upper strip?

A

The south from the first cataract to the delta

106
Q

Lower Egypt is where?

A

North triangular marshland

107
Q

Significance of the Nile?

A 
Transportation
Water for irrigation
Annual floods with fertile soil
Plan floods
Object of worship
108
Q

How can you picture Egyptian society?

109
Q

Name the social classes in order.

A 
Pharaoh -divine
Nobility - officials, generals, priests
Small artisan class - could move up
Peasants - worked fields
Slaves - new kingdom only
110
Q

Religion of Egypt?

A

Follow ma’at

111
Q

What is ma’at?

A

Justice, right, truth, order

112
Q

What happens at death?

A

Osiris judges you using the feather test

113
Q

What could priests do?

A

Manipulate gods through chants and charms

114
Q

What happened to religion after Akhenaten died?

A

Under son, Tutankhamen, they returned to polytheism.

115
Q

Where is India located?

A

A subcontinent of Asia

116
Q

What are India’s northern borders?

A

Himalayas and Hindu Kush

117
Q

What are the north plains irrigated by?

A

Indus and Ganges river

118
Q

What is in the interior of India?

A

Deccan plateau

119
Q

Where is India’s population?

120
Q

What is soil like on the coasts?

A

Fertile and thin

121
Q

What is the weather like October through may?

A

Dry winds from north east

122
Q

What is weather like in June through September?

A

Moist winds from SE

123
Q

What was early Indian civilization like?

A

Well planned cities along Indus River (2500)

124
Q

What were most Indian people’s trade?

A

Farmers, some artisans

125
Q

What happened to Indus Valley civilization in 1500 BC?

A

Invaded by aryans

126
Q

What is Hinduism close to?

A

Indus Valley and aryan nature religions

127
Q

What are the scriptures?

A

Vedas - 4 collections of hymns
Upanishads - essays and meditations explaining Vedas
Other

128
Q

What are two beliefs?

A

All is one

Nothing ever dies

129
Q

What is it called when one is absorbed into the spirit?

130
Q

How many gods does Hinduism have?

131
Q

What are the primary Hindu deities?

A

Brahma - creator
Vishnu - preserver
Shiva - destroyer

132
Q

What do individuals from different groups do?

A

Avoid contact

133
Q

How can the castes be represented?

A

A human body

134
Q

Name the five castes.

A

Brahmin - head - almost there - priests
Kshatriya - shoulder - soldier, government
Vaishya - stomach - meet needs, feed, clothe - merchants
Sudras - leg or foot - worker, peasant
Untouchables - sole of foot

135
Q

What did Buddha do?

A

Sought an answer to pain and suffering

Found enlightenment under a banyan tree

136
Q

What is the invasion of Persian and Greek armies in 512 and 326 BC?

137
Q

How is Ashoka related to chandragupta?

A

Ashoka is c’s grandfather

138
Q

What is china isolated by?

A

Pacific Ocean
Gobi desert and plateau of Tibet - west
Himalayas -sw
Mongolian tribes - north

139
Q

What is central in Chinese culture?

140
Q

What is filial piety?

A

High duty of respect to obey elders

141
Q

What did ancestors have to do with religion?

A

Steam from ritual meals nourished ancestors

Ancestors guidance sought through oracle bones

142
Q

What authority does ruler have?

A

That of a grandfather

143
Q

What happened in the period of power and prosperity?

A

Peace
Glory
Roads, irrigiation

144
Q

What happens in the decline?

A

High taxes
Social services decline
Natural disasters
Loses mandate of heaven

145
Q

What is the dynastic cycle?

A

Great power and prosperity
Decline
Rebellion
Repeat

146
Q

What was the culture in the Shang dynasty?

A

Warrior nobles owned land
Peasants worked land
Small artisan class

147
Q

What was the Chinese written language based on?

A

Ideas, not phonemes

148
Q

Two facts about Chinese language?

A

Too difficult for most to master

Unified dialects

149
Q

Which dynasty did Confucius come from?

150
Q

What was Confucius’s philosophy?

A

Good life is one of social harmony

151
Q

What was Confucius based on?q

A

Filial piety

152
Q

How many relationships in filial piety?

A

5 reciprocal relationships

153
Q

Where were Confucius’s proverbs collected?

A

5 classics

154
Q

What is the belief of legalism?

A

Strong government key to good life

155
Q

What happened to books under legalism?

A

Everything, especially Confucius, burned, except agriculture

156
Q

Who headed the Qin dynasty?

A

Shih huangdi

157
Q

What happened under the Qin dynasty?

A

Consolidation of power, doubling of china

158
Q

What else did shih huangdi do?

A

Routed rival armies
Built Great Wall
Crushed opposition
Made nobility move to capital

159
Q

How long did shih huangdi’s son reign?

A

3 years, then deposed

160
Q

What did the Han dynasty encourage?

A

Literature and trade

161
Q

What happened when dynasty declined?

A

Buddhism spread

162
Q

Chinese dynasties in order?

A

Shang
Zhou
Qin
Han

163
Q

What did the kushites use wood from Nubia for?

A

Smelt iron ore

164
Q

What did Wudi do?

A

Silk Road

Confucianism

165
Q

Who defeated first Indian civilization?

166
Q

What is special about Harappa and Mohenjo Daro?

A

Grid system

World History (14 decks)

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