Enlightenment and Revolutions Flashcards
a ruler whose power was not limited by having to consult with others
absolute monarch
3 motivations for the exploration of the New World
gold
God
glory
the idea that monarchs received their power from God and therefore must not be challenged
Divine right of kings
became the Holy Roman Emperor in 1519 and used his power to confront the growing Protestant movement in Europe
Charles V
gave each German prince the right to decide whether his state would be Catholic or Protestant
Peace of Augsburg
became a respected Spanish religious artist even though he was not born in Spain
El Greco
wrote DON QUIXOTE DE LA MANCHA in order to ridicule the medieval idea of chivalry
Miguel de Cervantes
the Catholic ruler of Spain and leader of the Counter-Reformation who fought English and Dutch protestants in battle
Philip II
The Spanish Duke of Alba set up ___________ in the Netherlands which tortured and executed thousands suspected of rebellion
Court of Blood
led the Low Countries in their rebellion against the Spanish king
honored as the father of the Dutch country
William I of Orange “The Silent”
bold English pirates who raided Spanish shipping
sea dogs
this event in 1588 made England the greatest naval power in the world and won popular support for the English queen
the defeat of the Spanish Armada
ruled France through her sons
Catherine de Medici
What did Catherine de Medici do in 1572?
ordered the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre to rid Paris of French Calvanists
French Calvanists
Huguenots
became a Catholic in order to rule France
“Paris is worth a mass”
Henry IV
the French king declared in this that Huguenots could hold office and rule 200 towns in which they had majority
Edict of Nantes
the advisor to Louis XIII who solidified his power by suppressing dissent and entering the 30 Years’ War
Cardinal Richelieu
the Sun King of France who began his rule at the age of 5
Louis XIV
Where the Sun King’s royal palace was built - a village which became a home for French kings during the 1700s
Versailles
The Sun King’s minister of Finance
Jean Baptiste Colbert
top of the 3rd estate
bourgeoisie - city merchants, factory owners, professionals
bottom of 3rd estate
peasants
sans culottes
city workers
without knee breeches