Romanticism .... Flashcards
Scottish instrument maker who developed an improved steam engine in 1712
James Watt
credited with inventing the telegraph in 1837
Samuel Morse
demonstrated that light acts as a wave and as a particle; also developed a special theory of relativity
Albert Einstein
invented the telephone in 1876
Alexander Graham Bell
Described the responsibility of spreading Western European civilization as the “white man’s burden”
Rudyard Kipling
built the Clermont, a steamship which operated on the Hudson River
Robert Fulton
argued that blood and iron only would in German unity
Otto van Bismarck
built a three wheeled automobile in 1885
Carl Benz
Sent U.S. warships to support a foreign rebellion in order to build the Panama Canal
also issued a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
Theodore Roosevelt
used dogs to study conditioned reflexes
Ivan Pavlov
wrote Das Kapital to propound “scientific socialism” which would inevitably take the form of a revolution
Karl Marx
built a line of affordable vehicles called the Model T by using the assembly line
Henry Ford
wrote The Wealth of Nations in 1776 to analyze the market economy and to argue for the importance of competition
Adam Smith
invented the cotton gin
eli whitney
disproved the idea of spontaneous generation and demonstrated the link between microbes and disease
Louis Pasteur
developed the first usable and practical electric light bulb
invented the phonograph
Thomas Edison
falsely accused and convicted in 1894 of giving French military secrets to Germany
finally cleared in 1906
Alfred Dreyfuss
began using an antiseptic to kill germs on surgical equipment and in wounds
Joseph Lister
created the first Sunday school in Glasgow to help poor children
Robert Raikes
organization formed to represent the interests of workers
union
our conscious, thinking selves
I am
ego
von Bismarck’s movement for German unification through a practical (rather than idealistic) political philosophy
realpolitick
our subconscious rules and values
I shouldn’t
super-ego
belief that the US should settle land from the Atlantic to the Pacific
manifest destiny
the movement rebelling against machines that were “harmful to the commonality”
luddite
the product moves from worker to worker as each one performs a step in the manufacturing process
assembly line
process of changing to power-driven machinery to produce man-made goods
industrialization
sparked by the British use of beef and pork fat in rifle cartridges
Sepoy Rebellion
period during which the German government was under the leadership of Wilhelm I and Bismarck
second reich
belief that government (or society) should control major industries for the good of all its people
socialism
belief that governments should not interfere in business
laissez faire
a group which worked for universal manhood suffrage
Chartist
artistic movement which sought to capture the “general sense” of a scene through light, vivid color, and motion
impressionism
issued in 1823, declared the Americas off-limits to further European colonization
Monroe Doctrine
process by which one nation or people control another
imperialism
identical machine-made parts which made production and repair of factory-made goods more efficient
interchangeable parts
attack on Father Gapon and a group of protestors outside the Winter Palace by Russian troops
Bloody Sunday
German word for “caesar”
Wilhelm I was proclaimed this in 1871
Kaiser
our subconscious desires and urges
I want
id
theory that creatures that are well adapted to their environments will survive and pass on physical characteristics
natural selection
the fencing of formerly open land which forced small farmers to move
enclosure
created in Austria-Hungary by the Compromise of 1867
Bitter Compromise
dual monarchy
conflict on the coast of the Black Sea between Russia and the forces of Britain, France, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia
Crimean War
the 1839 conflict between Great Britain and China was fought over this
opium
prejudice toward Jews
anti-semitism
a work stoppage, used to force employers to raise wages
strike
where Teddy Roosevelt sent US warships to support a rebellion in order to build the Panama Canal
Colombia
conflict in South Africa between British forces and the Dutch settlers
Boer War
an 1899 attack on western missionaries and Chinese converts to Christianity
Boxer Rebellion
belief that government should own all means of production and control all economic planning
communism
Russian legislative assembly authorized by the Czar Nicholas
Duma
5 factors which allowed Great Britain to assume industrial leadership
exploration and colonialism seapower political stability government support growth of private investment
invented the seed drill
Jethro Tull
process of enclosure
purchase land and fence it
increasing efficiency
3 factors of production
land
labor
capital
a craft occupation performed in the home
cottage industry
a machine which removes seeds from plant fiber
cotton gin
invented the spinning jenny
James Hargreaves
invented the spinning frame to produce stronger thinner thread than the spinning jenny
Richard Arkwright
invented the flying shuttle which doubled the speed at which a weaver could do his job, putting many weavers out of business
John Kay
a large building which housed industrial machines
factory
the British engineer who built the first steam locomotive around 1802
Richard Trevithick
the British millworker who helped build the first factory in the US and became known as the Father of American Industry
Samuel Slater
Industrialization was funded by _______ who built or purchased factories as investments in order to make a profit
entrepreneurs
In 1832 Parliament produced the _______ to describe abuses in the factories
Sadler Report
the system of manufacturing large numbers of identical items
mass production
1 advantage of mass production
dramatic increase in prduction
1 disadvantage of mass production
more repetitious jobs, leaving workers protesting
wrote in AN ESSAY ON THE PRINCIPLE OF POPULATION that population would always grow faster than food production
Thomas Malthus
someone who risks his money to start a new business, planning to increase the value of his investment through profits
entrepreneur
founded a company in Pittsburgh which later became US steel
Andrew Carnegie
founded the Standard Oil Company
John D. Rockefeller
founded a community in New Harmony, Indiana, where government control eliminated poverty and other social evils
Robert Owen
refers to one’s level of material support
“standard of living”
this person’s discovery of the link between magnetism and electricity led to the development of dynamo
Michael Faraday
Where was Edison’s light bulb developed?
a lab in Menlo Park, New Jersey
3 ways electric power improved industry
factories no longer had to rely on steam engines
didn’t have to depend on waterways for steam
became less dependent on sunlight, increasing production
the world’s first rail line linked _______ and _________ in 1830
Manchester and Liverpool
a method of making steel by forcing air through molten metal to burn off impurities
Bessemer process
the world’s longest railroad was begun in 1891
Trans Siberian
built the first powered air plaine to achieve sustained flight
Wilbur and Orville Wright
Where did the Wrights first fly in 1903?
Kitty Hawk, North Carolina
the first telegraph message sent by wire between Washington DC and Baltimore Maryland
What hath God wrought
in 1866 a telegraph cable was laid on the floor of
the Atlantic
invented the wireless telegraph or radio in 1895
Guglielmo Marconi
Charles Darwin published the book__________ to explain his theory of evolution
On the Origin of Species
developed modern atomic theory in 1803
John Dalton
discovered polonium and radium in 1898
Marie and Pierre Curie
the process by which certain elements release energy when they break down
Radioactivity
Einstein’s formula _______ demonstrated how a small amount of mass could create a huge amount of energy
E=mcsquared
