World War I and Extreme Politics (1870-1918) Flashcards
1
Q
International Working Men’s Association
A
- Marx helped found it
- loose coalition of unions and political parties
- replaced by Second International in 1889
2
Q
Fabian Society
A
- socialist organization that counseled against revolution
- goal was a society in which the parts of the economy that were crucial to survival and comfort should be owned by the state and regulated by experts employed by the government
3
Q
Social Democrats
A
- In Germany led by August Bebel
- most successful Socialist party in Europe
- revisionist socialism urged socialists to cooperate with Bourgeois liberals in order to earn immediate gains for the working class
4
Q
Phases of Women’s Suffrage Movement
A
- pioneering phase: suffrage agitation focused on the reform act of 1867
- period of relative dormancy from 1870 to 1905
- period of militancy: campaigned for a more women’s rights
5
Q
Anarchist activity
A
- people under more impressive regimes turn to anarchism
- urged the elimination of state authority that oppressed freedom through general strikes and killing government officials like P. McKinley
6
Q
Ultranationalism and Anti-Semites
A
- urged that political theories and parties that put class solidarity ahead of loyalty to the nation threatened civilization
- this merged with European suspicion of Jews (anti-Semitism)
7
Q
Zionism
A
- A movement for the creation of an independent state for Jews
- The World Zionist Organization was formed in 1897
8
Q
Causes of World War I
A
- nationalities problem: 10 ethnicities in Austria-Hungary
- Rise of Germany & Alliances: triple alliance, triple entente
- Anglo-German rivalry: bc of Germany’s rise
- assassination of Archduke
- German military planning: Schlieffen Plan
9
Q
Triple alliance
A
- Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy
- Bismarck sought security here
10
Q
Triple entente
A
-Britain, France and Russia
11
Q
Schlieffen Plan
A
- Germany was sure that war with triple entente was inevitable
- strategy for a two front war of a military thrust westward toward Paris if Russia mobilized in the east
- occurred in 1914
12
Q
Changes on the homefront
A
- governments to direct control of industries vital to war
- Labor unions relaxed working hours & conditions
- Women were drawn into industrial workforce
13
Q
Zimmerman Note
A
- triggered american entry into war
- a diplomatic correspondence of dubious origin revealing a supposed deal between Germany and Mexico
14
Q
National Trade Unions Congress
A
Organization that joined all the labor unions of the country together for political action -supported the Labour Party (ran working class candidates in British elections)
15
Q
Russian Revolution
A
- tsar to abdicated & new gvmt (Mensheviks) continued war effort
- second revolution brought Lenin (Bolshevik) to power
- they saw the war as a battle between bourgeoisie fighting over power to exploit proletariat
16
Q
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
A
- Bolsheviks decided to abandon the war and work within Russia
- signed the treaty surrendering Poland, Ukraine, Finland and Baltic provinces to Germany
17
Q
Members at the Peace Negotiations in Paris
A
- France: Georges Clemenceau wants to ensure Germany would never threaten France again
- United States: Woodrow Wilson had bold plans for a new Europe
- Britain: David Lloyd George was a mediator
18
Q
Treaty of Versailles
A
- germans are forced to pay $5 billion annually
- New independent nations were set up in Eastern Europe
- Germany was to take full blame for the war
- Germany was stripped of all its overseas colonies
- Alsace & Lorraine were returned to France
- allies could occupy German territories on the Rhine
- Germany’s forces were limited to 100,000 soldiers
19
Q
Artistic Movements
A
-expressionism: depicted emotional and psychological stress
(The Scream by Edvard Munch)
-abstractionism: analyzed essence of perception& experience
(Woman with a Guitar by George Braque)
20
Q
Changes to Science
A
- Albert Einstein’s Theory of Relativity
- Max Planck’s Quantum Theory of Physics
- Werner Heisenurg’s Uncertainty Principle
