The Second Industrial Revolution (1820-1900) Flashcards
1
Q
Factory System
A
- in order to supervise labor
- workers came to a central location and worked at the machines under manager supervision
- employed technique of division of labor
2
Q
Division of Labor
A
Where formerly complex task that required knowledge and skill were broken into a series of simple tasks aided by machines
3
Q
Effects of Division of Labor
A
- replaced skilled craftsmen with unskilled labor
- increased volume manufacturers could produce
- more women and children in workforce
- decreased number of workers needed
4
Q
Iron and Steel
A
- new machines increased demand for iron, guns, and ammunition
- Bessemer Process was a way to manufacture steel cheaper and in larger quantities; it increased the supply of iron and steel
5
Q
Second Industrial Revolution
A
Characterized by large scale iron and steel production, steam engine and the development of the railway system
6
Q
Coal
A
- coal mines provided most important fuel
- demand increased even further because of the large amount that steam engines required a lot
7
Q
Steam
A
- increased scale and pace of heavy industry
- perfected by Thomas Newcomen and James Watt
- used to drive machinery
8
Q
Electricity
A
-electric generators were used to power a wide variety of small and large scale factories and mills
9
Q
Four Major Industries
A
- iron and steel industry
- coal industry
- steam power industry
- railways
10
Q
Why did Great Britain industrialize first?
A
- well-developed commercial economy
- extensive river system to transport goods
- it was rich in coal and iron deposits
- no internal tariffs to inhibit trade
- uniform and stable monetary/banking system
11
Q
Artistic Movements (in order)
A
- realism: Gustav Courbet
- impressionism: Manet, Degas, Monet
- postimpressionism: van Gogh’s Starry Night
