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AP European History > Napoleonic Era (1800-1848) > Flashcards

Napoleonic Era (1800-1848) Flashcards

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0
Q

Peace of Amiens

A

1802- Great Britain signed a temporary truce with Napoleon

1805- efforts to expand the empire put France at war with Great Britain again

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1
Q

Plebicites

A

Public opinion polls

Used by Napoleon to give the facade of caring

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2
Q

The Consulate

A
  • ended French Revolution
  • consulate was a 3 man executive body
  • 1802: Napoleon was given title of “first consul for life”
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3
Q

Napoleon enforced his position as “first consul for life” by

A
  • suppressing royalists through spies and arrests
  • censoring press
  • regulating education in schools
  • reconciling France with Roman Church
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4
Q

Concordat of 1801

A

France’s reconciliation with roman church which stipulated that french clergy would be chosen and paid by state but consecrated by the pope

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5
Q

Napoleonic Code (Civil Code of 1804)

A
  • provided a system of uniform law and administrative policy
  • incorporated principles espoused during revolution
  • abolished primogeniture
  • emphasized property rights
  • created a meritocracy
  • continued ban on workers unions
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6
Q

Liberal Principles of Napoleonic Code

A
  • safeguarded all forms of property
  • upheld equality before the law
  • established the right to choose a profession
  • guaranteed promotion on merit for employees of the state
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7
Q

Conservative Principles of the Napoleonic Code

A
  • upheld the ban on working men’s associations

- upheld the patriarchal nature of french society by granting men extensive rights over their wives and children

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8
Q

States Annexed directly into French Empire

A
  • Belgium
  • Germany to the Rhine
  • German coastal regions to western Baltic
  • West-Central Italy (Rome, Genoa, Trieste)
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9
Q

Satellite Kingdoms ruled by Napoleon’s relatives

A
  • Holland
  • Westphalia
  • Spain
  • the kingdom of Italy
  • the Kingdom of Naples
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10
Q

Subservient States and Confederations

A
  • the confederation of the Rhine
  • 19 cantons of the Swiss confederation
  • Duchy of Warsaw
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11
Q

States independent from France

A
  • Austria
  • Prussia
  • Russia
  • Sweden
  • Denmark
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12
Q

Battle of Trafalgar

A
  • Great Britain exemplified its victory over the combined french and Spanish fleets
  • October 21,1805
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13
Q

Continental System

A

To weaken Britain, Napoleon established that all continental european states and kingdoms under french control were forbidden to trade with Britain

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14
Q

Treaty of Tilsit

A
  • July 7, 1807
  • Russia signed treaty after their defeat at Friedland
  • it recognized France’s claims in Europe
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15
Q

Neoclassicism

A
  • dominant architectural style in Europe
  • model for reshaping Europe was Roman Empire
  • arc de triomphe is a good example
16
Q

General Decline and Fall of Napoleon

A
  • flawed policies
  • growing resistance
  • British counter blockade to continental system which damaged french economy and produced a smuggling enterprise
17
Q

Decline of Napoleon in Spain

A
  • resistance to Joseph (Napoleons brother)
  • opposition to french domination grew into first example of guerrilla warfare, as loosely organized pockets of opposition carried out random raids in Spain
18
Q

Decline of Napoleon in Germany

A
  • nationalism grew in response to french domination
  • opposition forces began to work together and many looked to Prussia for leadership
  • Prussia quietly modernized its civil institutions and its army and waited for its opportunity
19
Q

Decline of Napoleon in Russia

A
  • June 1812: Napoleon invaded Russia with Grand Army
  • September 1812: Russian army turned on the french troops and fought one of the bloodiest battles on 19th century
  • September 14: Napoleon led army into Moscow but Russia had deserted it and set it aflame
  • when they retreated, the winter killed most of them
20
Q

Exile to Elba

A
  • October 1813: Austria, Prussia, Russia and Sweden defeated Napoleon at Leipzig
  • British and Spanish troops took Paris and exiled him to Elba
21
Q

Battle of Waterloo

A
  • napoleons last attempt

- he was defeated by coalition forces (Austria, Prussia, Russia, Sweden) led by the Duke of Wellington

22
Q

Restoration after Napoleon

A
  • representatives of the coalition met in Paris at the Congress of Vienna
  • they wanted to reestablish the foundations of aristocratic dominance challenged by the French Revolution
23
Q

Congress of Vienna (Settlements)

A
  • restore Spanish monarchy under Ferdinand XVII
  • restore french monarchy under Louis XVIII
  • reconstitution of France like it was in 1789
  • formation of kingdom of Netherlands with Austrian Netherlands and the Dutch republic
  • saxony, Westphalia and the Rhine back to Prussia
  • Lombardy, Venetia and German confederation states controlled by Austria
24
Q

Concert of Europe

A
  • military alliance between Austria, Russia, Prussia and Great Britain
  • to secure the balance of power created by Vienna settlement
  • required important diplomatic decisions to be made “in concert” with one another
  • -1818: FRANCE paid war indemnities and joined*
25
Q

Revolutions of 1820-1829

A
  • 1820: concert empowered France to intervene in Spain (french won)
  • 1821: concert authorized Austria to uprisings in Italian kingdoms
  • 1825: Nicholas I crushed revolt led by reform-minded army officers
  • 1829: decade long revolt in Greece for independence from Ottoman
26
Q

Britain’s View on the Revolutions

A
  • it dissented from the actions of the Concert because they believed the concert should not interfere with the domestic politics of european countries
  • 1822: Britain left the alliance but continued to consult other major powers
27
Q

Revolutions of 1830-1832

A
  • 1830: Charles X (France) issued July Ordinances which led to Louis Phillipe taking the throne
  • 1830: Belgians won independence from Dutch
  • 1831: The Polish wanted independence from Russia but failed
  • 1831-32: Austria crushed Italian revolution
  • 1832: Britain passed the Reform Bill of 1832
28
Q

July Ordinances (France)

A
  • dissolved part of the legislative branch of government
  • revoked the voting privileges of the bourgeoisie
  • created a rebellion by the bourgeoisie, students and workers that forced Charles X to abdicate
  • revolutionaries wanted a republic but bourgeoisie put Louis Phillippe
29
Q

Revolutions of 1848

A
  • France: ban on public meetings led to street demonstrations and Louis Phillippe abdicated
  • Vienna: Metternich resigned and Ferdinand I abolished repressive laws and voted to abolish serf
  • Berlin: William IV agreed to form a parliament and incorporate liberal leaders into gvmt
  • German states: uprisings forced liberal reforms to pass and the Frankfurt Assembly was formed
  • Italy: Pope Pius IX flees Rome; concessions were forced from Austria and then driven out
30
Q

Conservative Repression to Revolutions of 1848

A
  • Paris: uprising demanding relief from poverty and redistribution of wealth; Louis-Napoleon staged coup d’état & ended 2nd republic
  • Hapsburg: Austria ended revolutionary resistance and arrested liberal leaders
  • Germany: William IV refused the crown offered by Frankfurt Assembly and dispersed assembly
  • Italy: Austrian troops reoccupied Milan until Louis-Napoleon helped the pope by sending french soldiers
31
Q

Frankfurt Assembly

A
  • Formed in german states in 1848

- Liberal leaders who were popularly elected and charged with overseeing the formation of a new german nation

AP European History (18 decks)

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