Napoleonic Era (1800-1848) Flashcards
0
Q
Peace of Amiens
A
1802- Great Britain signed a temporary truce with Napoleon
1805- efforts to expand the empire put France at war with Great Britain again
1
Q
Plebicites
A
Public opinion polls
Used by Napoleon to give the facade of caring
2
Q
The Consulate
A
- ended French Revolution
- consulate was a 3 man executive body
- 1802: Napoleon was given title of “first consul for life”
3
Q
Napoleon enforced his position as “first consul for life” by
A
- suppressing royalists through spies and arrests
- censoring press
- regulating education in schools
- reconciling France with Roman Church
4
Q
Concordat of 1801
A
France’s reconciliation with roman church which stipulated that french clergy would be chosen and paid by state but consecrated by the pope
5
Q
Napoleonic Code (Civil Code of 1804)
A
- provided a system of uniform law and administrative policy
- incorporated principles espoused during revolution
- abolished primogeniture
- emphasized property rights
- created a meritocracy
- continued ban on workers unions
6
Q
Liberal Principles of Napoleonic Code
A
- safeguarded all forms of property
- upheld equality before the law
- established the right to choose a profession
- guaranteed promotion on merit for employees of the state
7
Q
Conservative Principles of the Napoleonic Code
A
- upheld the ban on working men’s associations
- upheld the patriarchal nature of french society by granting men extensive rights over their wives and children
8
Q
States Annexed directly into French Empire
A
- Belgium
- Germany to the Rhine
- German coastal regions to western Baltic
- West-Central Italy (Rome, Genoa, Trieste)
9
Q
Satellite Kingdoms ruled by Napoleon’s relatives
A
- Holland
- Westphalia
- Spain
- the kingdom of Italy
- the Kingdom of Naples
10
Q
Subservient States and Confederations
A
- the confederation of the Rhine
- 19 cantons of the Swiss confederation
- Duchy of Warsaw
11
Q
States independent from France
A
- Austria
- Prussia
- Russia
- Sweden
- Denmark
12
Q
Battle of Trafalgar
A
- Great Britain exemplified its victory over the combined french and Spanish fleets
- October 21,1805
13
Q
Continental System
A
To weaken Britain, Napoleon established that all continental european states and kingdoms under french control were forbidden to trade with Britain
14
Q
Treaty of Tilsit
A
- July 7, 1807
- Russia signed treaty after their defeat at Friedland
- it recognized France’s claims in Europe
15
Q
Neoclassicism
A
- dominant architectural style in Europe
- model for reshaping Europe was Roman Empire
- arc de triomphe is a good example
16
Q
General Decline and Fall of Napoleon
A
- flawed policies
- growing resistance
- British counter blockade to continental system which damaged french economy and produced a smuggling enterprise
17
Q
Decline of Napoleon in Spain
A
- resistance to Joseph (Napoleons brother)
- opposition to french domination grew into first example of guerrilla warfare, as loosely organized pockets of opposition carried out random raids in Spain
18
Q
Decline of Napoleon in Germany
A
- nationalism grew in response to french domination
- opposition forces began to work together and many looked to Prussia for leadership
- Prussia quietly modernized its civil institutions and its army and waited for its opportunity
19
Q
Decline of Napoleon in Russia
A
- June 1812: Napoleon invaded Russia with Grand Army
- September 1812: Russian army turned on the french troops and fought one of the bloodiest battles on 19th century
- September 14: Napoleon led army into Moscow but Russia had deserted it and set it aflame
- when they retreated, the winter killed most of them
20
Q
Exile to Elba
A
- October 1813: Austria, Prussia, Russia and Sweden defeated Napoleon at Leipzig
- British and Spanish troops took Paris and exiled him to Elba
21
Q
Battle of Waterloo
A
- napoleons last attempt
- he was defeated by coalition forces (Austria, Prussia, Russia, Sweden) led by the Duke of Wellington
22
Q
Restoration after Napoleon
A
- representatives of the coalition met in Paris at the Congress of Vienna
- they wanted to reestablish the foundations of aristocratic dominance challenged by the French Revolution
23
Q
Congress of Vienna (Settlements)
A
- restore Spanish monarchy under Ferdinand XVII
- restore french monarchy under Louis XVIII
- reconstitution of France like it was in 1789
- formation of kingdom of Netherlands with Austrian Netherlands and the Dutch republic
- saxony, Westphalia and the Rhine back to Prussia
- Lombardy, Venetia and German confederation states controlled by Austria
24
Concert of Europe
- military alliance between Austria, Russia, Prussia and Great Britain
- to secure the balance of power created by Vienna settlement
- required important diplomatic decisions to be made "in concert" with one another
* -1818: FRANCE paid war indemnities and joined*
25
Revolutions of 1820-1829
- 1820: concert empowered France to intervene in Spain (french won)
- 1821: concert authorized Austria to uprisings in Italian kingdoms
- 1825: Nicholas I crushed revolt led by reform-minded army officers
- 1829: decade long revolt in Greece for independence from Ottoman
26
Britain's View on the Revolutions
- it dissented from the actions of the Concert because they believed the concert should not interfere with the domestic politics of european countries
- 1822: Britain left the alliance but continued to consult other major powers
27
Revolutions of 1830-1832
- 1830: Charles X (France) issued July Ordinances which led to Louis Phillipe taking the throne
- 1830: Belgians won independence from Dutch
- 1831: The Polish wanted independence from Russia but failed
- 1831-32: Austria crushed Italian revolution
- 1832: Britain passed the Reform Bill of 1832
28
July Ordinances (France)
- dissolved part of the legislative branch of government
- revoked the voting privileges of the bourgeoisie
- created a rebellion by the bourgeoisie, students and workers that forced Charles X to abdicate
- revolutionaries wanted a republic but bourgeoisie put Louis Phillippe
29
Revolutions of 1848
- France: ban on public meetings led to street demonstrations and Louis Phillippe abdicated
- Vienna: Metternich resigned and Ferdinand I abolished repressive laws and voted to abolish serf
- Berlin: William IV agreed to form a parliament and incorporate liberal leaders into gvmt
- German states: uprisings forced liberal reforms to pass and the Frankfurt Assembly was formed
- Italy: Pope Pius IX flees Rome; concessions were forced from Austria and then driven out
30
Conservative Repression to Revolutions of 1848
- Paris: uprising demanding relief from poverty and redistribution of wealth; Louis-Napoleon staged coup d'état & ended 2nd republic
- Hapsburg: Austria ended revolutionary resistance and arrested liberal leaders
- Germany: William IV refused the crown offered by Frankfurt Assembly and dispersed assembly
- Italy: Austrian troops reoccupied Milan until Louis-Napoleon helped the pope by sending french soldiers
31
Frankfurt Assembly
- Formed in german states in 1848
| - Liberal leaders who were popularly elected and charged with overseeing the formation of a new german nation
