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AP European History > Road To WWII > Flashcards

Road To WWII Flashcards

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0
Q

Fascism: Anti-Communist

A

Fascism is of the far right

Communism is far left.

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1
Q

Fascism

A 
Seen as the "third way"
Emerges in Italy. 
Alternative to the failure of liberalism and the horror of Marxism.
Far right of the political spectrum.
Picks up after Great Depression
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2
Q

Fascism: Anti-Marxist

A

Protect state from Marxism because it advocated communism.

Gained support from middle-class.

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3
Q

Fascism: Militaristic

A

War is the grounds on which the power of a nation is proved.

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4
Q

Fascism: Antidemocratic

A

Believed to be inefficient; a single ruler is more efficient

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5
Q

Fascism: One Party Rule

A

Ban rival parties, ensures that there won’t be a revolution.
Only very similar parties with different names allowed.

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6
Q

Fascism: Glorification of the State

A

The state is all powerful and the face of its historical evolution.

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7
Q

Furher principle

A

The face and the physical embodiment of a country is its leader

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8
Q

Benito Musssolini

A

Started as a socialist but when WWI comes along he abandons this ideology.
Father of fascism
Dictator of Italy from 1922-1943

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9
Q

Avanti

A

Socialist newspaper that Mussolini was an editor for.

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10
Q

Il popolo d’Italia

A

Translates to “People of Italy”
Newspaper created by Mussolini.
Addresses the issue that Italy got nothing out of war.
Expresses discontent with Versailles.

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10
Q

D’Annunzio

A 
Vocal Italian nationalist. 
Invades Fiume (Austrian territory) and takes over.
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10
Q

Social Turmoil

A

Manufacturing decreases
Workers strike and occupy factories
Peasants seize uncultivated land from landowners.
Bourgeoisie afraid of Marxist revolution.

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11
Q

Political Turmoil

A

Government (Chamber of Deputies) is in gridlock.
Socialist party has a plurality.
Gave ministers ability to rule by decree.

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12
Q

Fasci Di Combattimento

A

WWI veterans which are hired as the military arm for fascists.

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14
Q

Squadristis

A

“Black Shirts”
Enforcers taken from Fasci Di Combattimento.
Attack socialists, governments turns blind eye bc scared of communism.

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16
Q

Italian election of 1921

A

Fascism becomes more popular

35 seats out of 500.

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17
Q

March on Rome

A

October, 1922
Black shirts preform marches in Rome.
Marks the emergence of fascism.

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18
Q

Mussolini as Prime Minister.

A

October 29th, 1992

Mussolini becomes Prime Minister, promising to use power to stop the marches.

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19
Q

Mussolini as Dictator

A

November, 1922
Mussolini is given dictatorial power for a year.
Appoints fascists to political offices.
Makes a law so that the party receiving a plurality gets 2/3 of Deputies seats.

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20
Q

Italian election 1924

A

Fascists receive a plurality of votes and are awarded 2/3 of the seats.
All other parties dissolve, leaving only fascists.

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21
Q

Giacomo Matteoti

A

Leading socialist, member of Deputies.
Non-communist.
Criticized Mussolini, squadristi assassinate him.

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22
Q

Lateran Accord of 1929

A

Stops cultural war between the Vatican and Italy.
Vatican City becomes its own state.
Legitimizes Mussolini.

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23
Q

Women in a Fascist Society

A

Encouraged to have children.
Generous maternity leave.
Discouraged and eventually outlawed information regarding and practice of abortions and contraception.
Women still make 25% of labor force

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24
Q

Problems with the Weimar

A

Proportional representation: allowed for extremist minorities (fascists)
Article 48

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25
Q

Article 48

A

If there is an emergency then the President or a presidential designee can take dictatorial power.

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26
Q

Tension in Germany

A

Discontent over Versailles
Loss of Alsace & Lorraine
Economic downfall due to loss of the Rhur and war reparations.
Doubt toward the SDP

27
Q

Kapp Putsch

A 
March 1920
Attempted overthrow of Weimar Republic. 
Workers strike
German army puts it down, saves gov.
Doesn't succeed.
27
Q

Great Inflation of 1923

A

Government pays Germans in Ruhr to stop working.
Farmers charge higher prices for grain.
Everything gets expensive

29
Q

Adolf Hitler

A

Started as an Austrian artist
Receives nationalist, anti communist, and anti Semitic views from Catholic Popular Party.
Joins WWI, becomes leader of Nazis.

30
Q

National Socialist German Worker’s Party

A

Nazi party or “Brown Shirts”

Anti-Semitic, Nationalist, and Anti-Communist.

31
Q

25 points, The Nazi Platform

A

Rejection of Versailles
Unification of Austria and Germany
Exclude Jewish community from German citizenship.
Nationalization of industry

32
Q

Strumabteilung “SA”

A

“Storm troopers”
Military arm of Nazi party.
Led by Ernst Roehn

33
Q

Bierputsch/ Beer Hall Putsch

A

November, 1923
Hitler and Ludendorff start fights in beer halls around Germany hoping that the chaos would allow them to take over.
Fails, everyone is arrested for treason.

34
Q

Hitler in Jail

A

Gains publicity.

Writes “Mein Kampf” where he outlines his ideology.

35
Q

Mein Kampf

A

Claims Weimar is ruled by the worst (Jews, democrats, ect…)
Explains ideology including Anchluss and Lebensraum.

36
Q

Lebensraum

A

Translates to living space.

Explains that Hitler wants to expand Germany’s borders into Poland to accommodate population growth.

37
Q

Anschluss

A

The idea that Germany and Austria should unite.

38
Q

German Election of 1928

A 
Nazis get less than 3%
Nazis decide to target middle class for support and tailor their speeches.
39
Q

Party of the Young & Energetic

A

Propaganda in order to get support from the youth and middle class.

40
Q

Hitler over Germany

A

Hitler insisted 50 cited in 15 cities.

This is due to effective use of technology such as commercial flights and radio.

41
Q

Election of 1932

A

37% of the vote goes to Nazis

Weimar Republic is falling apart.

41
Q

Conservative’s attitude toward Hitler

A

Thought he could be given power and then used as a puppet.

43
Q

Reichstag Fire

A

February, 1933
“A communist” set fire to the building where the Reichstag meets.
Communism is seen as a threat to the nation and is banned.

**probably staged by nazis

43
Q

Hitler as Chancellor

A

January, 1933
Conservatives convince Hindenburg (president) to make Hitler Chancellor.
Bruning is dismissed and Hitler becomes Chancellor, immediately consolidates power.

44
Q

Election of 1933

A

Nazis get 45% of vote

They form a coalition with another party, giving them a simple majority.

46
Q

Enabling Act

A

March, 1933
Gives Hitler dictatorial power for 5 years.
Hitler then suspended all civil liberties

47
Q

Civil Service Act of 1933

A

All government employees must swear an oath of loyalty to the Furher.

48
Q

Hitler: One Party Rule

A

(1934) Hitler bans all parties, except those that parallel the Nazi party.
Federal system is dissolved, leaving a single national government.

48
Q

Blood Purge/ Night of the Long Knives

A

June 30th, 1934
Hitler orders for the assassination of the SA at the request of the military.
Also eliminates political enemies

49
Q

Schutzstaffer/ SS

A

Black uniforms, “Black Shirts”
Elite military units.
Chief instrument of terror.
Control death camps.

51
Q

Gestapo

A

Geheime Staatspolizei
Secret police for the Nazi.
Eliminated any person that opposed the Nazi party and sent people to Death camps.

52
Q

Fuhrer of the Third Reich

A

Hindenburg dies; Hitler combines the role of President and Chancellor and seizes complete control.

53
Q

4 Year Plan

A

Works toward self sufficiency; especially in fuel processing and rubber.

54
Q

Gestapo

A

Geheime Staatspolizei
Secret police for the Nazi.
Eliminated any person that opposed the Nazi party and sent people to Death camps.

55
Q

Fuhrer of the Third Reich

A

Hindenburg dies; Hitler combines the role of President and Chancellor and seizes complete control.

56
Q

4 Year Plan

A

Works toward self sufficiency; especially in fuel processing and rubber.

57
Q

National Labor Front

A

The only labor union allowed.

All independant labor unions are dissolved.

58
Q

Autobahn

A

One of Hitler’s major projects.

The federal-controlled access highway- system.

59
Q

Hitler Youth

A

Male youth organization of the Nazi party.
Emphasized physical and military training.
Seen as a stepstone to becoming an SS.

60
Q

League of German Maidens

A

Female youth organization of Nazi party.

Groomed women for marriage and domestic life.

61
Q

Nuremberg Laws

A

(1935) Clarified who was/ what classified being a Jew.
Stripped Jews of citizenship.
Forbade them of sexual relation with Aryans.

62
Q

Kristallnacht

A

“Night of Breaking Glass” Nov. 1938
Synagogues burned
Thousands of Jews murdered/arrested
Homes and businesses destroyed.

63
Q

Sterilization & Euthanasia

A

How people deemed “unfit” were handled.
Sterilization: removes ability to reproduce.
Euthanasia: lethal injection.

64
Q

T-4 program

A

1939-1941
Administered “mercy death” (euthanasia) to anyone deemed “incurably sick”/
Elliminated 200,000 undesirables.

AP European History (18 decks)

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