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Flashcards 10 > World History Midterm Exam (chapter 1-16) > Flashcards

World History Midterm Exam (chapter 1-16) Flashcards

1
Q

“Before Christ”

A

B.C.

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2
Q

Anno Domini; “In the year of our Lord”

A

A.D.

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3
Q

The focal point of all history

A

the coming of christ

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4
Q

man “evolved” from animals; removes God as Creator

A

Evolution

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5
Q

fall of Rome ( A.D. 500 ) - to Protestant Reformation ( A.D. 1500 )

A

Medieval History

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6
Q

beginning of recorded history ( 4000 B.C. ) - the fall of Rome ( A.D. 500 )

A

Ancient History

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7
Q

the beginning of the Protestant Reformation until the Present

A

Modern History

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8
Q

institution with the authority and power to control, direct, & rule in the actions & affairs of others; these powers come from God

A

Government

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9
Q

God’s supreme power over all nations, rulers, & individuals

A

Sovereignty

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10
Q

1st foundational civil ordinance ( The Death Penalty )

A

Capital Punishment

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11
Q

worship of man; exalting man in place of or above God

A

Humanism

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12
Q

a large group of people who think of themselves as one and act in history as a single entity

A

Nation

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13
Q

builder of the first world empire Babel ( later Babylon )

A

Nimrod

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14
Q

“division”; in his day, the earth was divided

A

Peleg

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15
Q

common language which was the start of modern tongues

A

Indo-European

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16
Q

location of The Garden of Eden; “The Cradle of Civilization”

A

The Fertile Crescent

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17
Q

the greek name for the “land between the rivers” ( eastern portion )

A

Mesopotamia

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18
Q

southernmost region of Mesopotamia; 1st postdiluvian civilization

A

Sumer

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19
Q

way of life of a group of people

A

Culture

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20
Q

( history’s 2nd great empire builder ) conquered the Sumerian cities & became their king

A

Sargon of Akkad

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21
Q

three oldest Sumerian settlements

A

Eridu, Uruk, & Ur

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22
Q

The birthplace of Abraham

A

Ur

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23
Q

sumerian writing

A

Cuneiform

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24
Q

the greatest Sumerian contribution

A

the art of writing

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25
Q

transmitting knowledge & cultural heritage to the next generation

A

Education

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26
Q

the “tablet house”/ school; trained them in the art of cuneiform

A

Edubba

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27
Q

most important Sumerian industry in terms of commercial activity

A

Textiles (fabrics)

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28
Q

a false belief that heavenly bodies influence human affairs & destinies

A

Astrology

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29
Q

spreading of cultural traits & patterns

A

Cultural Diffusion

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30
Q

the belief in 1 god

A

Monotheism

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31
Q

the worship of nature

A

Naturalism

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32
Q

the worship of man

A

Humanism

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33
Q

the worship of many deities

A

Polytheism

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34
Q

the world’s oldest work of literature outside of the Bible

A

Epic of Gilgamesh

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35
Q

“The Gate of God” or “To Confuse”

A

Babel

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36
Q

officially started the Old Babylonian empire

A

Hammurabi’s Rule

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37
Q

the use of authority & power to uphold what is right, just, or lawful

A

Justice

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38
Q

First to rule after Sumer; Central portion of the Fertile Crescent

A

Old Babylon (2000- 1700 B.C.)

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39
Q

Large empire located in Asia Minor; First empire to use iron weapons

A

Hittites (1700- 1100 B.C.)

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40
Q

captured Northern Kingdom of Israel

A

Assyrians (1100- 600 B.C.)

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41
Q

built the world’s 1st great library

A

Ashurbanipal

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42
Q

conquered Assyria during Nabopolassar’s rule

A

Neo-Babylonian Empire (600- 540 B.C.)

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43
Q

conquered the Fertile Crescent & Southern Israel

A

Nebuchadnezzar

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44
Q

a Persian king that conquered Babylon

A

Cyrus of Persia or Cyrus the Great

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45
Q

established the 1st postal system

A

Darius

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46
Q

husband of Queen Esther

A

Xerxes (Ahasuerus)

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47
Q

false religion of Persia

A

Zoroastrianism

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48
Q

The Middle Eastern Empires in order:

A
  1. Sumer
  2. Old Babylon
  3. Hittites
  4. Assyria
  5. Neo-Babylon
  6. Persia
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49
Q

called Canaan, Promised Land, Palestine

A

Israel

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50
Q

Father of the nation of the Israelites; Called out of Sumerian culture to start a new godly culture

A

Abraham

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51
Q

solemn agreement between God & something

A

Covenant

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52
Q

God’s basic principles of right, wrong, & morality

A

“The Decalogue”; 10 Commandments

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53
Q

a nation ruled by God

A

Theocracy

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54
Q

2nd King of Israel (after Saul)

A

David

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55
Q

David’s son, who reigned as king for 40 years; Their rule made Israel the most powerful nation in the world around 1000 B.C.

A

Solomon

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56
Q

Arabic religious leader from Mecca who founded Islam

A

Mohammed

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57
Q

followers of Islam

A

Muslims

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58
Q

Arabic word for “flight”

A

Hegira

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59
Q

Arabic word for “holy war”

A

Jihad

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60
Q

the largest continent in the world

A

Asia

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61
Q

highest point on land

A

Mount Everest

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62
Q

lowest point on land

A

Dead Sea

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63
Q

classified as a subcontinent because of its size & separation from the rest of the world

A

India

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64
Q

mountain range that separates India from Asia

A

Himalayas

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65
Q

earliest known people in Asia who were in the Indus River valley around 2000 B.C.

A

Dravidians

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66
Q

modern day Iranians; conquered the Dravidians around 1500 B.C.

A

Aryans

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67
Q

Becoming one with the spirit of Brahma, the one universal soul of all living things

A

Hinduism

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68
Q

the process of “rebirth” where a person’s karma evolves the person toward spiritual perfection

A

Reincarnation

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69
Q

actions in life

A

Karma

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70
Q

the caste a person was born into they stayed in forever

A

Caste System; Division of Social Classes

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71
Q

Classes of the Caste System:

A
  1. Brahmans
  2. Kshatriya
  3. Vaishya
  4. Sudra
  5. Outcaste
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72
Q

Native Indian family ( Maurya ) that controlled India from 321 B.C. to 184 B.C.

A

Maurya Empire

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73
Q

Maurya’s greatest leader

A

Asoka

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74
Q

Attempts to reach Nirvana through Reincarnation

A

Buddhism

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75
Q

Buddhism was founded by whom?

A

Siddhartha Gautama

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76
Q

ruled India from A.D. 320 to 535; India’s Golden Age

A

Gupta Empire

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77
Q

A ruler from Afghanistan invaded & conquered India in 1526 and began what empire?

A

Mogul Empire

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78
Q

built by a Mogul emperor as a tomb for his favorite wife

A

Taj Mahal

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79
Q

2 main rivers of China

A

Huang He & Yangtze

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80
Q

“Middle Country”

A

Chung-kuo

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81
Q

What Chinese dynasty cast bronze & Horse-drawn chariots; Harvested silk & created a system of writing?

A

Shang Dynasty ( 1525-1028 B.C. )

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82
Q

China’s longest ruling dynasty; Philosophies of Taoism & Confucianism were created

A

Chou Dynasty ( 1122-256 B.C. )

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83
Q

Great Wall of China built during this dynasty

A

Ch’in Dynasty ( 225-206 B.C. )

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84
Q

1st to rule over a united China

A

Shih Huang Ti

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85
Q

Ruled at the Height of Ancient China’s power

A

Han Dynasty ( 206 B.C. - A.D. 220 )

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86
Q

Descendants of Khan established the Yuan Dynasty; Largest continental empire

A

Mongol Dynasty

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87
Q

conquered China in the 1200s

A

Genghis Khan

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88
Q

traveled throughout far East during Kublai Khan’s empire

A

Marco Polo

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89
Q

conquered Korea in 1259

A

Kublai Khan

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90
Q

Japanese word meaning “Source of the Sun”

A

Nippon

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91
Q

4 main islands of Japan:

A

Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, & Shikoku

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92
Q

“founder of Japanese civilization”; established a constitution for Japan

A

Prince Shotoku

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93
Q

united the 2 states & was the 1st to rule over a united Egypt

A

Menes

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94
Q

“Gift of the Nile”

A

Egypt

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95
Q

triangle shaped area of land in north Egypt where most early settlements were located

A

Nile Delta

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96
Q

written language of Egypt

A

Hieroglyphics

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97
Q

used to interpret hieroglyphics

A

Rosetta Stone

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98
Q

Greek historian that nicknamed Egypt, “Gift of the Nile”

A

Herodotus

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99
Q

may have been pharaoh during the Exodus

A

Amenhotep II

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100
Q

a female pharaoh; may have been Moses’ foster mother

A

Hatshepsut

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101
Q

capital of Egypt; center of Egyptian life

A

Cairo

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102
Q

The Dark Continent

A

Africa

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103
Q

largest desert in the world; covers the majority of North Africa

A

Sahara Desert

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104
Q

longest mountain range

A

Atlas Mountains

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105
Q

tallest mountain

A

Mount Kilimanjaro

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106
Q

greatest civilization in the interior of ancient Africa; modern day Sudan

A

Kingdom of Cush

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107
Q

Greatest ruler of the Mali empire

A

Mansa Musa

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108
Q

natural things & animals are inhabited by spirits

A

Animism

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109
Q

1st important post-diluvian civilizations; lived on the island of Crete

A

Minoans

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110
Q

lived in Mycenae on the mainland; conquered by the Dorians during the 1100s-800s B.C.

A

Mycenaeans

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111
Q

His stories & poems became the basis of ancient Greek religion

A

Homer

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112
Q

was the king of the humanistic gods

A

Zeus

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113
Q

Blocked Ahasuerus’ army at the Battle of Thermopylae

A

Leonidas & 300 Spartans

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114
Q

ruled by one

A

Monarchy

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115
Q

ruled by the “best”; the king’s powers decreased & the rich took political power

A

Aristocracy

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116
Q

ruled by the few rich; business & trade grew, so rich businessmen took political power

A

Oligarchy

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117
Q

power is seized by one ( Bad ) man

A

Tyranny

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118
Q

ruled by the people; people rebelled & took political power themselves

A

Democracy

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119
Q

brought true democracy to Athens

A

Pericles ( 461- 429 B.C. )

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120
Q

citizens elect a few men who represent them in government

A

Representative Democracy

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121
Q

people make decisions ( Athens practiced this )

A

Direct Democracy

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122
Q

Sparta (Peloponnesian League) vs. Athens (Delian League)

A

Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.)

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123
Q

first recorded Olympic Games

A

776 B.C.

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124
Q

time period between the Olympic Games

A

Olympiad

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125
Q

physical training & games of skill

A

Gymnasium

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126
Q

the marketplace

A

Agora

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127
Q

outdoor theatre

A

Amphitheatre

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128
Q

hilltop fortress

A

Acropolis

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129
Q

In 334 B.C. he crossed the Hellespont & invaded the Persian Empire; by 331 B.C. he had conquered most of Persia

A

Alexander the Great

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130
Q

Which country is in the Indian/ Apennine Peninsula?

A

Rome

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131
Q

the upper class of Rome

A

Patricians

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Perfectly
132
Q

the lower class of Rome

A

Plebians

133
Q

Carthage invaded the island of Sicily; Rome created a powerful navy to defend Sicily; they won & controlled the Mediterranean Sea

A

First Punic War ( 264-241 B.C. )

134
Q

Carthaginian general who invaded Rome across the Alps; fought in Italy for 12 years

A

Hannibal

135
Q

What is the war after the First Punic war?

A

Second Punic War ( 218-202 B.C. )

136
Q

Rome invaded & decisively destroyed Carthage; Rome conquered Greece & Macedonia in 146 B.C.

A

Third Punic War ( 149-146 B.C. )

137
Q

formed a triumvirate which ruled Rome

A

Julius Caesar, Pompey, & Crassus

138
Q

Who fought in the First Roman Civil War?

A

Marius ( Masses ) & Sulla ( Senate )

139
Q

Who fought in the Second Roman Civil War?

A

Pompey & Julius Caesar

140
Q

He crossed the Rubicon into Rome as an invader; Controlled Rome as dictator from 49-44 B.C

A

Julius Caesar

141
Q

Wrote the book, “On the Commonwealth”

A

Cicero

142
Q

Emperor during the life and death of Jesus; 1st ruler of the Claudian Dynasty

A

Tiberius ( A.D. 14-37 )

143
Q

Jesus was born during this Roman king’s reign; The Pax Romana began during his rule

A

Caesar Augustus ( 27 B.C.- A.D. 14 )

144
Q

In 312, this king saw a vision of a cross in the sky

A

Constantine I

145
Q

The era of Roman Peace

A

the Pax Romana

146
Q

Jesus’ 12 disciples & Paul; they were leaders of the early Christian Church

A

Apostles

147
Q

Hebrew for the “Anointed One”

A

Messiah

148
Q

Claudius’ stepson; Last Claudian Emperor; Rome burned during his rule & Christians were blamed

A

Nero

149
Q

“The blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church“

A

Tertullian

150
Q

Started the 3rd persecution; the church leader that was martyred

A

Ignatius

151
Q

Writing of popes & other leaders had the same authority

A

Latin Vulgate

152
Q

capital & largest city of the Eastern Empire; known as New Rome & Constantinople

A

Byzantine

153
Q

1st great emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire

A

Justinian I

154
Q

New group of Turks that attacked the empire during the 1400s

A

Ottoman Turks

155
Q

Worship of the icons ,instead of God, became common

A

Iconoclastic Controversy

156
Q

what church was officially created in 1054 when the Catholic church split?

A

Eastern Orthodox Church

157
Q

Christ appointed apostles to lead the church; Apostles appointed bishops to rule after them; they forgot Christ is the Head of the Church

A

Apostolic Succession

158
Q

Peter was the first Bishop of the Roman church

A

Petrine Theory

159
Q

the origin of the word Pope

A

“papa”,“father“

160
Q

1st recognized as supreme over the Roman Catholic Church

A

Leo I

161
Q

7 religious actions that provide “salvation” & “conveyed graces” to Catholics

A

Sacraments

162
Q

being cut off from the sacraments

A

Excommunication

163
Q

the belief that Eucharist turns into the body & blood of Jesus Christ

A

Transubstantiation

164
Q

supposed piece of holy objects

A

Relics

165
Q

apostles & other holy leaders from the history in the Catholic church

A

Saints

166
Q

certificates from the pope that decreased the punishment for sin; decreased the time spent in purgatory

A

Indulgences

167
Q

the law that made people lose their bible; almost completely banning it

A

Council of Toulouse

168
Q

withdrawing from society & living in solitude to be free from sin

A

Monasticism

169
Q

Translated the Bible from Latin into English

A

John Wycliffe

170
Q

men who practiced monasticism

A

Monks

171
Q

women who practiced monasticism

A

Nuns

172
Q

monks who lived completely alone

A

Hermits

173
Q

missionary monks who preached and worked outside of the monasteries

A

Friars

174
Q

followers of John Wycliffe

A

Lollards

175
Q

Catholic professor from Bohemia; Taught that only God, not the church, forgives sin

A

John Huss

176
Q

Catholic Church meeting that executed Huss & burned Wycliffe

A

Council of Constance

177
Q

first major empire in Europe after the Roman Empire

A

Franks

178
Q

became king in 481; 1st great Frankish ruler

A

Clovis

179
Q

most famous Mayor of the Palace ( 715 )

A

Charles Martel

180
Q

son of Charles Martel (“the Hammer”)

A

Pepin the Short

181
Q

a section of Italy given to the Pope by Pepin; made an official alliance between Frankish rulers and the Papacy

A

Papal states

182
Q

the 2nd Carolingian king; French word for “Charles the Great”

A

Charlemagne

183
Q

the 3rd Carolingian king

A

Louis the Pious

184
Q

divided the Frankish Empire into 3 sections for Louis’ sons; France & Germany were formed from this treaty

A

Treaty of Verdun

185
Q

North African muslims

A

Moors

186
Q

Son of Henry the Fowler; composed the final defeat of the Magyars

A

Otto the Great

187
Q

Otto the Great created what empire?

A

Holy Roman Empire

188
Q

1st king of the Hohenstaufen line; “Red Beard”

A

Frederick Barbarossa; Frederick I

189
Q

ridiculed the Holy Roman Empire as “neither holy, nor roman, nor an empire”

A

Voltaire

190
Q

castle in Northern Italy where the pope was staying when Henry sought forgiveness

A

Canossa

191
Q

took the papacy to the zenith of its power & influence

A

Innocent III

192
Q

levied 50% taxes on the French clergy’s annual income

A

Phillip the Fair

193
Q

threatened to excommunicate anyone who tried to exact these taxes & any clergymen who paid them without papal approval

A

Boniface VIII

194
Q

official decree by the pope

A

Bull

195
Q

the moving of the papal court from Rome to France

A

“Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy”

196
Q

a way of life based on the ownership & use of land

A

Feudalism

197
Q

code of conduct for nobles & knights

A

Chivalry

198
Q

identifying images & symbols on a knight’s armor

A

Heraldry

199
Q

called for the beginning of the Crusades (1095) to reconquer the Holy Land

A

Urban II

200
Q

1096-1099; captured Asia Minor & Jerusalem from Seljuk Turks

A

First Crusade

201
Q

1147-1149; Louis VII of France & Conrad III of Germany led the Christian Army

A

Second Crusade

202
Q

1189-1192; Jerusalem was reconquered by the Muslims ( led by Saladin ) in 1187

A

Third Crusade

203
Q

led by Richard the LionHearted; mostly a failure

A

Crusade of Kings

204
Q

1202-1204; Instead of fighting the Muslims, they “conquered” Constantinople

A

Fourth Crusade

205
Q

Proved the failure of the Crusades

A

Children’s Crusade

206
Q

wrote Divine Comedy about a vision he had of heaven, hell, & purgatory

A

Dante

207
Q

Personified the idea of the Renaissance Man ( someone who studies many subjects )

A

Leonardo Da Vinci

208
Q

Painted The Sistine Chapel; Sculpted David & Moses

A

Michelangelo

209
Q

A revival of classical learning

A

Renaissance

210
Q

invented the movable-type printing press in 1440

A

Johann Gutenberg

211
Q

(a form of Bubonic Plague); ⅓ to ½ of the population of Europe died between 1334 & 1351; spread by poor sanitation & hygiene

A

Black Death

212
Q

combination of Greek philosophy & Romanism

A

scholasticism

213
Q

earliest known inhabitants of the British Isles

A

Celts

214
Q

King of Wessex who defeated the Danes & confined them to Danelaw

A

Alfred the Great

215
Q

invaded England in the 800’s & conquered every section but Wessex

A

Danes

216
Q

greatest Saxon poem about Anglo-Saxon culture

A

Beowulf

217
Q

1st Archbishop of Canterbury (most influential church office in England)

A

Augustine

218
Q

the Danes took back control under his rule by 1000

A

Canute the Dane

219
Q

William the Conqueror (Norman) defeated & killed Harold Godwin

A

Battle of Hastings (1066)

220
Q

What year was the Battle of Hastings

A

1066

221
Q

The son of William the Conqueror

A

Henry I (1100-1135)

222
Q

Grandson of Henry I, who started the Plantagenet line of kings

A

Henry II (1154-1189)

223
Q

Spent most of his time fighting in wars & crusades

A

Richard I (1189-1199) or Richard the Lionhearted

224
Q

RIchard I’s mother, who maintained his kingdom for him

A

Eleanor of Aquitaine

225
Q

The most hated king in English history

A

John (1189-1216)

226
Q

an agreement between the king and the nobles in the tradition of King Henry I’s Charter of Liberties; restated the old laws and customs of feudalism and limited the power of the king as a feudal lord over the nobles as his feudal vassals

A

Magna Carta

227
Q

When was the Magna Carta signed?

A

1215

228
Q

a place of meeting between representatives of nations

A

Parliament

229
Q

Name the Plantagenet Line of Kings

A
  1. Henry II (1154-1189)
  2. Richard I (1189-1199)
  3. John (1189-1216)
  4. Henry III (1216-1272)
  5. Edward I (1272-1307)
  6. Edward II (1307-1312)
  7. Edward III (1313-1377)
  8. Richard II (1377-1399)
230
Q

The reason for the Hundred Years War

A

England’s land claim in French territory

231
Q

peasant girl who led French forces into battle

A

Joan of Arc

232
Q

Who won in the end of The Hundred Years War? How did they win?

A

France eventually won; the use of Gunpowder

233
Q

Who were the White Roses?

A

York

234
Q

Who were the Red Roses?

A

Lancaster

235
Q

final major battle of the War of Roses

A

Battle of Bosworth field (1485)

236
Q

defeated the Yorks and became Henry VII; 1st Tudor king

A

Henry Tudor (Henry VII)

237
Q

Who’s coronation began the modern nation of France in 987

A

Hugh Capet

238
Q

France’s version of Parliament; Phillip the Fair created this group to gain support against the Pope

A

Estates-General

239
Q

known as Phillip the Fair; argued with Boniface VIII over power in France

A

Phillip IV (1285-1314)

240
Q

war led by Spanish kingdoms to reconquer the Moors

A

Reconquista

241
Q

King & Queen of Spain who united Aragon & Castille

A

Ferdinand & Isabella

242
Q

Muslims from North Africa who took control of Hispania; created a strong culture

A

Moors

243
Q

started a school for navigation & exploration

A

Prince Henry the Navigator

244
Q

Desired a western route to the Indies; Eventually gained funding from Spain (Ferdinand & Isabella)

A

Christopher Columbus

245
Q

1st great civilization of the WESTERN Hemisphere

A

Mayas

246
Q

most IMPORTANT civilization in South America

A

Incas

247
Q

most POWERFUL North American Empire at the beginning of the Age of Exploration

A

Aztecs

248
Q

1st Spanish landing in North America; searched for the Fountain of Youth in Florida

A

Ponce de Leon

249
Q

discovered the Pacific Ocean

A

Vasco de Balboa

250
Q

led 3-year voyage around the world; 1st to circumnavigate the globe

A

Ferdinand Magellan (1519)

251
Q

conquered the Aztecs & their powerful leader Montezuma II

A

Hernando Cortez

252
Q

conquered the Incas of Peru

A

Francisco Pizarro

253
Q

discovered the Grand Canyon

A

Francisco Coronado

254
Q

discovered the Mississippi River

A

Hernando de Soto

255
Q

explored the coast of California

A

Juan Cabrillo

256
Q

drawn by Pope Alexander VI to end the exploration rivalry between Spain & Portugal

A

Line of Demarcation

257
Q

claimed Brazil for Portugal

A

Pedro Cabral

258
Q

explored the East Coast of North America

A

Giovanni de Verrazano

259
Q

discovered the St. Lawrence River

A

Jaques Cartier

260
Q

1st modern explorer to reach the North American mainland

A

John Cabot (1497)

261
Q

taught that the Catholic church was “distorting” God’s Word

A

Desiderius Erasmus

262
Q

composed the 1st Protestant hymn book & wrote A Mighty Fortress Is Our God

A

Martin Luther (1483-1546)

263
Q

Taught that indulgences free a person of sin’s punishment

A

Johann Tetzel

264
Q

on October 31, 1517, Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the church in Wittenberg

A

Protestant Reformation

265
Q

an official church meeting

A

Diet

266
Q

Luther was commanded to recant his statements about the church but he refused

A

Diet of Augsburg

267
Q

Luther was commanded by Emperor Charles V to attend a diet in 1521

A

Diet of Worms

268
Q

Ruled Spain & the Holy Roman Empire from 1516-1556

A

Charles V: (same person as Charles I)

269
Q

1st protestant university in Europe

A

University of Wittenberg

270
Q

Catholic priest in Zurich, Switzerland; preached the truth of the Bible instead of Catholic doctrine

A

Ulrich Zwingli

271
Q

French Protestant Reformation Leader

A

John Calvin

272
Q

Believers should be baptized after they are saved

A

Anabaptists

273
Q

the peasants ignored Luther’s advice & revolted against the nobles

A

Peasant’s Revolt

274
Q

1st Protestant confession of faith; Statement of beliefs presented by the Lutherans to Emperor Charles V; Written by Philipp Melanchthon

A

Augsburg Confession

275
Q

a compromise formed between the Protestants and Catholics; established “state” churches in Germany (1555)

A

Peace of Augsburg

276
Q

The Catholic Church’s attempt to destroy the Reformation in Europe

A

Counter Reformation

277
Q

founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1540; the “right arm” of the Inquisition (most devout in finding heretics & spreading Romanism)

A

Jesuits

278
Q

Who founded the group named “Jesuits”

A

Ignatius Loyola

279
Q

damlike barriers of earth & stone built to keep water out

A

Dikes

280
Q

Much of the _______ lies below sea level

A

Netherlands (Belgium and Holland)

281
Q

led Spanish troops in the Netherlands

A

Duke of Alva

282
Q

Dutch nobleman, who led the fight for freedom during the mid 1500s

A

William the Silent

283
Q

1st Tudor king

A

Henry VII

284
Q

2nd Tudor king

A

Henry VIII

285
Q

1st wife of Henry VIII; did not give him a son

A

Catharine of Aragon

286
Q

2nd wife of Henry VIII; did not give him a son

A

Anne Boleyn

287
Q

3rd wife of Henry VIII; gave birth to Edward VI

A

Jane Seymour

288
Q

Became king when he was 9 years old

A

Edward VI

289
Q

Protestant leaders, who advised Edward VI

A

Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley, & Hugh Latimer

290
Q

Henry VIII’s oldest daughter who became queen after Edward VI

A

Mary Tudor; “Bloody Mary”

291
Q

Henry VIII & Anne Boleyn’s daughter; became queen after Mary’s death

A

Queen Elizabeth I; “Good Queen Bess”

292
Q

became the infant queen of Scotland in 1542; Cousin of Elizabeth

A

Mary Stuart

293
Q

led the Protestants in Scotland

A

John Stuart

294
Q

The reign of Elizabeth is also known as the ___________.

A

Elizabethan Age

295
Q

perhaps the greatest writer of all time; wrote many famous plays including Romeo & Juliet, Hamlet, & Julius Caesar

A

William Shakespeare

296
Q

a Spanish fleet led by Phillip II to invade England in 1588; a storm & excellent strategy by the English navy defeated them

A

Invincible Armada

297
Q

“sea dog”; employed by Elizabeth; 1st Englishman to circumnavigate the globe

A

Sir Francis Drake

298
Q

French Calvinist Protestants; by the 1500s, half of the French nobility were Protestants

A

Huguenots

299
Q

(same person as Charles I) Ruled Spain & the Holy Roman Empire from (1516-1556); Supported the Inquisition; Spain became the most powerful European nation

A

Charles V

300
Q
A
301
Q

Son of Charles V; Fanatical support of the church led to his failed invasion of England (1588)

A

Phillip II

302
Q

Powerful ruling family in France

A

The De Medicis

303
Q

led Protestants in their fight vs. the Catholics

A

Henry of Navarre & Gaspard de Coligny

304
Q

became king in 1589; 1st Protestant king of France

A

Henry IV (of Navarre)

305
Q

the murder of 100,000 Protestants through France

A

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

306
Q

Mostly fought in Germany; Catholics (Holy Roman Empire) vs. Protestants of Europe

A

Thirty Year’s War (1618-1648)

307
Q

aided the Protestants

A

Christian IV (of Denmark) & Gustavus Adolphus (of Sweden)

308
Q

peace treaty that ended the war in 1648; did not change anything from before the war

A

Peace of Westphalia

309
Q

Polish astronomer who discovered & proposed the heliocentric theory

A

Nicolaus Copernicus

310
Q

German astronomer who discovered the 3 laws of planetary motion

A

Johannes Kepler

311
Q

Italian philosopher who built a telescope to proved the heliocentric theory; Law of Uniform Acceleration and Law of Pendulum

A

Galileo Galilei

312
Q

contributed more of the scientific progress of mankind than any other individual

A

Issac Newton

313
Q

“Father of Anatomy”

A

Andreas Vesalius

314
Q

modern scientific method

A

Francis Bacon

315
Q

1st to observe microscopic cells ( 1st to coin the term as well)

A

Robert Hooke

316
Q

“Father of Microbiology”

A

Anton von Leeuwenhoek

317
Q

science of taxonomy (classification) & originated the idea of species

A

John Ray

318
Q

1st permanent scientific society of the Modern Age

A

Royal Society

319
Q

The original music capital of the world

A

Germany

320
Q

a work of superior excellence that has stood the test of time

A

Classic

321
Q

the greatest classic of all time

A

Bible

322
Q

became one of history’s greatest composers

A

Johann S. Bach

323
Q

best known for the oratorio; Wrote The Messiah

A

George F. Handel

324
Q

best known choral piece

A

Hallelujah Chorus

325
Q

“Father of the English Hymn”; wrote over 600 hymns

A

Issac Watts

326
Q

known as a child prodigy; composed over 600 works

A

Wolfgang A. Mozart

327
Q

his work marked the climax of the classical style of music; Known for piano sonatas ( long piano solos ); Moonlight Sonata; Known for his Fifth ( best known ) & Ninth ( “Ode to Joy” ) symphonies

A

Ludwig van Beethoven

328
Q

one of the greatest portrait painters of all time; worked in the court of Henry VIII

A

Hans Holbien the Younger

329
Q

“greatest of the Dutch masters”; realistic Biblical senses

A

Rembrandt van Rijn

Flashcards 10 (6 decks)

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