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Flashcards 10 > History Test 1 Chapter 11-12 > Flashcards

History Test 1 Chapter 11-12 Flashcards

1
Q

the “pastor” or “overseer” of each church

A

bishop

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2
Q

appointed bishops to rule after them

A

Apostles

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3
Q

Peter was the first Bishop of the Roman church

A

Petrine Theory

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4
Q

1st recognized as supreme over the Roman Catholic Church ( 445 )

A

Leo I

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5
Q

created the Doctrine of the Two Swords

A

Gelasius I

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6
Q

1st medieval pope

A

Gregory I

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7
Q

religious actions that provide salvation & “ conveyed graces

A

sacraments

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8
Q

being cut off from the sacraments

A

Excommunicated

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9
Q

the belief that Eucharist turns into the body & blood of Jesus Christ

A

Transubstantiation

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10
Q

supposed piece of holy objects

A

Relics

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11
Q

apostles & other holy leaders from the history in the Catholic church

A

Saints

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12
Q

certificates from the pope that decreased the punishment for sin

A

Indulgences

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13
Q

the waiting room before hell

A

purgatory

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14
Q

Writing of popes & other leaders had the same authority

A

Bible ( Latin Vulgate )

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15
Q

the law that made people lose their bible

A

Council of Toulouse

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16
Q

translated the Bible to French

A

Peter Waldo

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17
Q

Translated the Bible from Latin into English

A

John Wycliffe

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18
Q

withdrawing from society & living in solitude to be free from sin

A

Monasticism

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19
Q

women who practiced monasticism

A

nuns

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20
Q

men who practiced monasticism

A

Monks

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21
Q

monks who lived completely alone

A

Hermits

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22
Q

homes where monks lived

A

Monasteries

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23
Q

homes where nuns lived

A

Convents

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24
Q

head of the monastery

A

Abbot

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25
Q

missionary monks who preached and worked outside of the monasteries

A

Friars

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26
Q

Two most prominent orders of friars

A

Dominicans & Franciscans

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27
Q

1st great Frankish ruler

A

Clovis

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28
Q

a set of kings that came after Clovis

A

Merovingians

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29
Q

most famous Mayor of the Palace

A

Charles Martel

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30
Q

invading Moors were defeated in 732 at the

A

Battle of Tours

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31
Q

Started the Carolingian line of kings

A

Pepin the Short

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32
Q

son of Charles Martel

A

Pepin the Short

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33
Q

a section of Italy given to the Pope by Pepin

A

Papal States

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34
Q

the 2nd Carolingian king; French word for “ Charles the Great ”

A

Charlemagne

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35
Q

Crowned Emperor of the New Roman Empire on Christmas Day in what year? By whom?

A

in 800; Pope Leo III

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36
Q

the 3rd Carolingian king

A

Louis the Pious

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37
Q

divided the Frankish Empire into 3 sections for Louis’ sons

A

Treaty of Verdun

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38
Q

The Scourge of Europe

A

Magyars

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39
Q

North African muslims

A

Moors

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40
Q

German barbarians of Scandinavia; their most important settlement was…

A

Vikings; Normandy

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41
Q

Duchies were ruled by

A

dukes

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42
Q

1st king of the Saxon line

A

Henry the Fowler

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43
Q

Son of Henry the Fowler

A

Otto the Great

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44
Q

German monarchy reached the peak of its power under him

A

Henry IV

45
Q

“Red Beard”; 1st king of the Hohenstaufens

A

Frederick Barbarossa

46
Q

Barbarossa’s grandson

A

Frederick II

47
Q

ridiculed the Holy Roman Empire as “neither holy, nor roman, nor an empire”

A

Voltaire

48
Q

castle in Northern Italy where the pope was staying when Henry sought forgiveness

A

Canossa

49
Q

the power of laymen ( emperors & kings ) to choose bishops & other church officials

A

Lay Investiture

50
Q

a monk who served as an adviser to the popes; took office as Gregory VII

A

Hildebrand

51
Q

took the papacy to the zenith of its power & influence

A

Innocent III

52
Q

sanctioned the doctrine ( dogma ) of transubstantiation

A

Fourth Lateran Council

53
Q

a special court that inquired about & judged matters of heresy

A

Holy Office of the Inquisition

54
Q

levied 50% taxes on the French clergy’s annual income

A

Phillip the Fair

55
Q

official decree by the pope

A

papal bull

56
Q

owner of the fief (land)

A

Lord

57
Q

the person permitted to live on the fief land

A

Vassals

58
Q

“owned” all the land within a nation

A

King

59
Q

the king’s personal land

A

crown land

60
Q

rich & wealthy upper class, the king would give land to

A

Nobles

61
Q

professional soldiers that would live on a lord’s land & fight for him

A

Knights

62
Q

code of conduct for nobles & knight

A

Chivalry

63
Q

identifying images & symbols on a knight’s armor

A

Heraldry

64
Q

distinct display of heraldry

A

Coat of arms

65
Q

2 knights fighting to unseat or unhorse each other

A

Joust

66
Q

2 teams of knights in mock battles

A

Tournaments

67
Q

the training of young hawks to hunt small game

A

Falconry

68
Q

peasants; live in simple housed & worked on the lord’s demesne

A

Serfs

69
Q

forbade violence on certain week days

A

Truce of God

70
Q

priests denied the sacraments to certain violators of the law

A

Peace of God

71
Q

journeys to the Holy Land as part of “earning” salvation

A

Pilgrimages

72
Q

called for the beginning of the Crusades (1095) to reconquer the Holy Land

A

Urban II

73
Q

1096-1099; captured Asia Minor & Jerusalem from Seljuk Turks

A

First Crusade

74
Q

1147-1149; Louis VII of France & Conrad III of Germany led the Christian Army

A

Second Crusade

75
Q

1189-1192; Jerusalem was reconquered by the Muslims ( led by Saladin ) in 1187

A

Third Crusade

76
Q

led by Richard the LionHearted; mostly a failure

A

Crusade of Kings

77
Q

1202-1204; Instead of fighting the Muslims, they “conquered” Constantinople

A

Fourth Crusade

78
Q

Proved the failure of the Crusades

A

Children’s Crusade

79
Q

started in the burgs (towns) in Europe; mostly composed of traders & shop owners

A

Middle Class

80
Q

Most common Middle Class industry

A

trades, clothing, and banking

81
Q

powerful banking family of Florence, Italy

A

Medici Family

82
Q

⅓ to ½ of the population of Europe died between 1334 & 1351; spread by poor sanitation & hygiene

A

Black Death (a form of Bubonic Plague)

83
Q

confederation of Northern German towns

A

Hanseatic League

84
Q

known for the manufacturing of wool

A

Flanders

85
Q

thick, massive walls, small windows, & rounded arches

A

Romanesque

86
Q

tall walls, stain glass windows, gave the church a tall, light appearance

A

Gothic

87
Q

best example of Gothic architecture

A

Cathedral of Notre Dame

88
Q

location of 1st Medieval university for the study of medicine

A

Salerno

89
Q

most responsible for scholasticism (combination of Greek philosophy & Romanism) in the Church

A

Thomas Aquinas

90
Q

emphasized observation & experimentation as a source of true knowledge about nature

A

Roger Bacon

91
Q

“Morningstar of the Reformation”

A

John Wycliffe

92
Q

followers of John Wycliffe

A

Lollards

93
Q

Catholic Church meeting that executed Huss & burned Wycliffe

A

Council of Constance

94
Q

Brethren of the Common Life

A

Gerhard Groote

95
Q

The Imitation of Christ

A

Thomas a Kempis

96
Q

great spiritual leader of Florence; burned at the stake for his teachings

A

Jerome Savonarola

97
Q

wrote Divine Comedy about a vision he had of heaven, hell, & purgatory

A

Dante

98
Q

wrote Canterbury Tales which describes a group of Pilgrims who enter a story-telling contest on their journey to Canterbury

A

Geoffrey Chaucer

99
Q

the study of history, grammar, speech, & poetry; these studies were the focus of the Renaissance Era (1350-1600)

A

Humanities

100
Q

the study of the humanities; during the Renaissance, it grew into denying God & exalting man

A

Humanism

101
Q

the “Father of Humanism”

A

Petrarch

102
Q

The Decameron

A

Boccaccio

103
Q

The Prince

A

Niccolo Machiavelli

104
Q

funded Renaissance artists’ material & financial

A

Patron

105
Q

The Last Judgement

A

Giotto

106
Q

Personified the idea of the Renaissance Man (someone who studies many subjects)

A

Leonardo Da Vinci

107
Q

painted the Sistine Madonna & The School of Athens

A

Rafael

108
Q

Painted The Sistine Chapel; sculpted David & Moses

A

Michelangelo

109
Q

invented the movable-type printing press in 1440

A

Johann Gutenburg

Flashcards 10 (6 decks)

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