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Flashcards 10 > History Chapter 17 & 18 Test > Flashcards

History Chapter 17 & 18 Test Flashcards

1
Q

The “Sun King”; one of the longest reigns of any king in history

A

Louis XIV

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2
Q

“l’etat c’est moi” (I am the state); a phrase said by Louis XIV; he believed that he was the ____ of France.

A

Absolute Monarch

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3
Q

appointed government officials

A

bureaucrats

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4
Q

“governments by men who sit at desks”; made up of the bourgeoisie

A

Bureaucracy

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5
Q

the Middle class

A

Bourgeoisie

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6
Q

a palace used to entertain & “distract” the nobles

A

Palace of Versailles

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7
Q

17th and 18th century monarchical pursuit of unlimited power

A

Age of Absolutism

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8
Q

minister of finance that mobilized French economics & trade

A

Jean Baptiste Colber

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9
Q

founded Quebec (1st permanent french colony) in 1608

A

Samuel de Champlain

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10
Q

explored the Mississippi river in 1682 & claimed it for France

A

Robert C. de la Salle

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11
Q

France fought against most of Europe while Louis tried to expand France’s borders

A

War of the League of Augsburg

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12
Q

Louis’ grandson, Philip of Anjou was supposed to inherit the throne in Spain

A

War of the Spanish Succession

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13
Q

most notable victory of the War of the Spanish Succession

A

Battle of Blenheim

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14
Q

ended the War of the Spanish Succession

A

Treaty of Utrecht

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15
Q

Terms of the Treaty of Utrecht

A
  1. Philip of Anjou was permitted to become king of Spain, but the thrones of Spain and France couldn’t be united
  2. Spain ceded Austria several Italian territories and the remainder of the Spanish Netherlands (modern-day Belgium)
  3. Spain ceded to England the peninsula of Gibraltar, which controls the strait between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea;
  4. France ceded to England control of New-foundland, Nova Scotia, and the Hudson Bay territory
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16
Q

a time where philosophy changed the thinking of France

A

Age of Enlightenment

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17
Q

“Father of Enlightenment”; Promoted the idea of rationalism

A

Voltaire

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18
Q

man’s reason is the sole criterion for truth

A

Rationalism

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19
Q

“Father of French Romanticism”; Promoted romanticism

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

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20
Q

man’s emotions & feelings are the source of truth

A

Romanticism

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21
Q

Man is basically good & society is bad

A

“noble savages”

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22
Q

Louis XIV’s grandson, who became king

A

Louis XV (1715-1774)

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23
Q

“Après moi le déluge”

A

after me the deluge (prophecy of destruction)

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24
Q

The French king at the beginning of the French Revolution

A

Louis XVI (1774-1793)

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25
Q

The 3 French Social Classes

A
  1. Clergy
  2. Nobles
  3. Everyone else
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26
Q

The 3rd Estate left the estates general & their own representative assembly

A

National Assembly

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27
Q

a vow to meet until a constitution was written

A

The Tennis Court Oath

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28
Q

On July 14, 1789, the people of France stormed the castle of Bastille in Paris

A

Storming of Bastille

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29
Q

the National Assembly & adopted the slogan “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, and Death”

A

August 4 Decree

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30
Q

France’s 1st Constitution created by the Constituent Assembly; France was now a Constitutional Monarchy; France’s first written constitution

A

Constitution of 1791

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31
Q

The 3 Main Groups of the Constitutional Assembly

A
  1. Right
  2. Center
  3. Left
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32
Q

the divided group of the Constitutional Assembly; supported the king; didn’t want to continue the revolution

A

Right

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33
Q

the divided group of the Constitutional Assembly; middle ground; didn’t really care

A

Center

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34
Q

the divided group of the Constitutional Assembly; radicals who wanted a stronger revolution

A

Left

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35
Q

The Constitutional Assembly was replaced by _________ in 1792

A

National Convention

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36
Q

Which king was executed by the guillotine

A

Louis XVI

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37
Q

The _______________ was led by Maximilien Robespierre controlled France through terror & violence

A

Committee of Public Safety

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38
Q

About ________ people were executed during the Reign of Terror

A

40,000 people

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39
Q

When was The Reign of Terror the bloodiest?

A

At the same time the Atheism was its peak.

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40
Q

rejected scripture & viewed God as an impersonal Being revealed only in nature that must be sought through men’s reason

A

Deism

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41
Q

A new government called _______ replaced the Committee of Public Safety

A

The Directory

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42
Q

Know the order of the French “government” system

A

Monarchy →National Assembly → Constitutional Assembly →National Convention → Committee of Public Safety → The Directory

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43
Q

Led the French army in campaigns in France, Italy, & Egypt during the Revolution

A

Napoleon

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44
Q

When did Napoleon overthrow France’s government & establish the Consulate?

A

1799

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45
Q

an election in which the people express their will

A

Plebiscite

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46
Q

Napoleon brought peace through his law code called _________

A

Code Napoleon

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47
Q

formal agreement with the pope that made peace with the Catholic Church; his most significant accomplishment

A

Concordat

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48
Q

England defeated Napoleon’s Navy in the Mediterranean Sea at the…..

A

Battle of Trafalgar

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49
Q

greatest naval hero the world has ever known; led the British fleet to victory

A

Lord Horatio Nelson

50
Q

Napoleon’s greatest military victory; he defeated the Russians and the Austrians
By 1812, Napoleon controlled almost all of the land of Europe

A

Battle of Austerlitz

51
Q

Napoleon ordered that any nation allied with France was not allowed to trade with England (1806)

A

Continental system

52
Q

withdrew Russia from the Continental system in 1812

A

Czar Alexander I

53
Q

Europe banded together and defeated Napoleon’s broken army; Napoleon was banished from Europe to the island of Elba & Louis XVIII was crowned king

A

Battle of Leipzig (1813)/ “Battle of Nations”

54
Q

Napoleon was defeated for the final time at the …….

A

Battle of Waterloo

55
Q

Son of Mary Stuart

A

James I (1603- 1625)

56
Q

James I believed in his absolute rule which is called…

A

“divine right of kings”

57
Q

wanted to “purify” the church

58
Q

wanted to “separate” from the church

A

Separatists

59
Q

In 1611, King James I ordered the translation of the _____________ of the Bible

A

King James Version

60
Q

In 1607, England colonized _______

A

Jamestown, Virginia

61
Q

In 1620, England colonized ________

62
Q

signed by Charles I reaffirming the rights of the people

A

Petition of Rights

63
Q

In 1629, Charles dissolved Parliament became the absolute ruler of England, which began what?

A

Eleven Years Tyranny

64
Q

sought to make the England Church more like the Roman Church

A

William Laud

65
Q

the Parliament that sat in session for 13 years

A

“Long Parliament”

66
Q

grievances of Puritans in Parliament for religious reform & limitation of the king’s power

A

Grand Remonstrance

67
Q

During the English Civil War, Parliament’s supporters were the _____

A

Roundheads

68
Q

During the English Civil War, the King’s supporters were the _____

69
Q

the leader of Parliament’s armies; his army was known as the “Ironsides”

A

Oliver Cromwell

70
Q

turning point of the English Civil War in favor of the Roundheads (Ironsides won)

A

Battle of Marston Moor

71
Q

final major defeat of the Cavaliers

A

Battle of Naseby

72
Q

declared King Charles I guilty of treason & had him beheaded

A

Rump Parliament

73
Q

England’s new republican government under Cromwell

A

Commonwealth

74
Q

Cromwell’s government after he dissolved Parliament; he made himself “Lord Protector”

A

Protectorate

75
Q

Oliver Cromwell’s weak successor

A

Richard Cromwell

76
Q

son of Charles I, who restored the monarchy in England

A

Charles II

77
Q

secret agreement between Charles II & Louis XIV to make England Catholic

A

Treaty of Dover

78
Q

leaders of Parliament, who opposed Charles II

79
Q

Catholic king after Charles II; brother of Charles II

80
Q

overthrew James II & became the Protestant King & Queen of England

A

William III & Mary II

81
Q

permanently established English traditional political liberties; 1689

A

English Bill of Rights

82
Q

When was the “Glorious Revolution” or the “Bloodless Revolution”?

83
Q

Last Stuart monarch in England

A

Queen Anne

84
Q

When did England & Scotland unite to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain

85
Q

wrote Paradise Lost, England’s greatest epic

A

John Milton

85
Q

wrote Pilgrim’s Progress, England’s greatest allegory

A

John Bunyan

86
Q

wrote about the mind, soul, & eternity to express spiritual truth

A

Metaphysical Poets

87
Q

lyrical poems about love & pleasures of this world

A

Cavalier Poets

88
Q

started the Pietist movement

A

Philipp Spener

89
Q

German baptists

A

The Brethren

90
Q

leader of the Moravians; established a Moravian settlement on his estate

A

Count Nicholas von Zinzendorf

91
Q

headquarters for moravian missions

92
Q

his most famous sermon— “Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God”

A

Johnathan Edwards

93
Q

Best-known evangelist of the Great Awakening; Went on 7 evangelistic tours total; Preached to over 30,000 people at 1 time; a total of over 10 million in his lifetime

A

George Whitfield

94
Q

What are the results of the Great Awakening

A
  1. Thousands of sinners were converted and countless believers revived
  2. A new missionary spirit was kindled
  3. New schools and colleges were founded
  4. The people’s hearts were prepared for religious and political freedom.
95
Q

brought the Great Awakening to England

A

John Wesley

96
Q

Who invented the concept of empiricism

A

John Locke

97
Q

experience is the only source of knowledge

A

Empiricism

98
Q

Who invented the concept of skepticism

A

David Hume

99
Q

to know truth is impossible & knowledge is uncertain

A

Skepticism

100
Q

brother of John Wesley known for hymn writing; G. Whitfield & their friend group was called the “Methodists”

A

Charles Wesley

101
Q

led the movement in England to end slavery

A

William Wilberforce

102
Q

founded the 1st Sunday School (“Father of the Sunday School Movement”) & started popular education in England

A

Robert Raikes

103
Q

bettered the conditions of the prison system

A

John Howard

104
Q

“Father of Modern Missions” (1782)

A

William Carey

105
Q

missionary to Burma; “Father of American Missions”

A

Adoniram Judson

106
Q

wrote “Amazing Grace”

A

John Newton

107
Q

“Father of Modern Conservative”

A

Edmund Burke

108
Q

leading authority in British law; Commentaries on the Laws of England

A

Sir William Blackstone

108
Q

greatest literary figure of the 18th century

A

Samuel Johnson

109
Q

charted the islands of New Zealand, New Guinea, Australia, & the Hawaiian Islands

A

Captain James Cook

110
Q

began the Hanoverian Line of English Kings

111
Q

1st true Prime Minister of Britain

A

Sir Robert Walpole

112
Q

What rebellion took place during the reign of George I

A

Jacobite Rebellion

113
Q

2nd Hanoverian King; less involved than the 1st

114
Q

British fought the French & their North American allies for control of eastern North America

A

French and Indian War

115
Q

Prime Minister of England who drove the French out of North America

A

William Pitt the Elder

116
Q

3rd Hanoverian King; worked to increase the power of the king of England over the colonies

A

George III

117
Q

the real measure of a nation’s wealth is the amount of gold or silver it possessed; colonies existed for the good of the mother country

A

Mercantilism

118
Q

When did the Continental Congress take place?

119
Q

most important human statement of political principles in the history of the world

A

Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776)

120
Q

America’s 1st attempt at a national government

A

Articles of Confederation

Flashcards 10 (15 decks)

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