History Chapter 17 & 18 Test Flashcards
1
Q
The “Sun King”; one of the longest reigns of any king in history
A
Louis XIV
2
Q
“l’etat c’est moi” (I am the state); a phrase said by Louis XIV; he believed that he was the ____ of France.
A
Absolute Monarch
3
Q
appointed government officials
A
bureaucrats
4
Q
“governments by men who sit at desks”; made up of the bourgeoisie
A
Bureaucracy
5
Q
the Middle class
A
Bourgeoisie
6
Q
a palace used to entertain & “distract” the nobles
A
Palace of Versailles
7
Q
17th and 18th century monarchical pursuit of unlimited power
A
Age of Absolutism
8
Q
minister of finance that mobilized French economics & trade
A
Jean Baptiste Colber
9
Q
founded Quebec (1st permanent french colony) in 1608
A
Samuel de Champlain
10
Q
explored the Mississippi river in 1682 & claimed it for France
A
Robert C. de la Salle
11
Q
France fought against most of Europe while Louis tried to expand France’s borders
A
War of the League of Augsburg
12
Q
Louis’ grandson, Philip of Anjou was supposed to inherit the throne in Spain
A
War of the Spanish Succession
13
Q
most notable victory of the War of the Spanish Succession
A
Battle of Blenheim
14
Q
ended the War of the Spanish Succession
A
Treaty of Utrecht
15
Q
Terms of the Treaty of Utrecht
A
- Philip of Anjou was permitted to become king of Spain, but the thrones of Spain and France couldn’t be united
- Spain ceded Austria several Italian territories and the remainder of the Spanish Netherlands (modern-day Belgium)
- Spain ceded to England the peninsula of Gibraltar, which controls the strait between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea;
- France ceded to England control of New-foundland, Nova Scotia, and the Hudson Bay territory
16
Q
a time where philosophy changed the thinking of France
A
Age of Enlightenment
17
Q
“Father of Enlightenment”; Promoted the idea of rationalism
A
Voltaire
18
Q
man’s reason is the sole criterion for truth
A
Rationalism
19
Q
“Father of French Romanticism”; Promoted romanticism
A
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
20
Q
man’s emotions & feelings are the source of truth
A
Romanticism
21
Q
Man is basically good & society is bad
A
“noble savages”
22
Q
Louis XIV’s grandson, who became king
A
Louis XV (1715-1774)
23
Q
“Après moi le déluge”
A
after me the deluge (prophecy of destruction)
24
Q
The French king at the beginning of the French Revolution
A
Louis XVI (1774-1793)
25
The 3 French Social Classes
1. Clergy
2. Nobles
3. Everyone else
26
The 3rd Estate left the estates general & their own representative assembly
National Assembly
27
a vow to meet until a constitution was written
The Tennis Court Oath
28
On July 14, 1789, the people of France stormed the castle of Bastille in Paris
Storming of Bastille
29
the National Assembly & adopted the slogan “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, and Death”
August 4 Decree
30
France’s 1st Constitution created by the Constituent Assembly; France was now a Constitutional Monarchy; France’s first written constitution
Constitution of 1791
31
The 3 Main Groups of the Constitutional Assembly
1. Right
2. Center
3. Left
32
the divided group of the Constitutional Assembly; supported the king; didn’t want to continue the revolution
Right
33
the divided group of the Constitutional Assembly; middle ground; didn’t really care
Center
34
the divided group of the Constitutional Assembly; radicals who wanted a stronger revolution
Left
35
The Constitutional Assembly was replaced by _________ in 1792
National Convention
36
Which king was executed by the guillotine
Louis XVI
37
The _______________ was led by Maximilien Robespierre controlled France through terror & violence
Committee of Public Safety
38
About ________ people were executed during the Reign of Terror
40,000 people
39
When was The Reign of Terror the bloodiest?
At the same time the Atheism was its peak.
40
rejected scripture & viewed God as an impersonal Being revealed only in nature that must be sought through men’s reason
Deism
41
A new government called _______ replaced the Committee of Public Safety
The Directory
42
Know the order of the French "government" system
Monarchy →National Assembly → Constitutional Assembly →National Convention → Committee of Public Safety → The Directory
43
Led the French army in campaigns in France, Italy, & Egypt during the Revolution
Napoleon
44
When did Napoleon overthrow France’s government & establish the Consulate?
1799
45
an election in which the people express their will
Plebiscite
46
Napoleon brought peace through his law code called _________
Code Napoleon
47
formal agreement with the pope that made peace with the Catholic Church; his most significant accomplishment
Concordat
48
England defeated Napoleon’s Navy in the Mediterranean Sea at the.....
Battle of Trafalgar
49
greatest naval hero the world has ever known; led the British fleet to victory
Lord Horatio Nelson
50
Napoleon’s greatest military victory; he defeated the Russians and the Austrians
By 1812, Napoleon controlled almost all of the land of Europe
Battle of Austerlitz
51
Napoleon ordered that any nation allied with France was not allowed to trade with England (1806)
Continental system
52
withdrew Russia from the Continental system in 1812
Czar Alexander I
53
Europe banded together and defeated Napoleon’s broken army; Napoleon was banished from Europe to the island of Elba & Louis XVIII was crowned king
Battle of Leipzig (1813)/ “Battle of Nations”
54
Napoleon was defeated for the final time at the .......
Battle of Waterloo
55
Son of Mary Stuart
James I (1603- 1625)
56
James I believed in his absolute rule which is called...
"divine right of kings"
57
wanted to “purify” the church
Puritans
58
wanted to “separate” from the church
Separatists
59
In 1611, King James I ordered the translation of the _____________ of the Bible
King James Version
60
In 1607, England colonized _______
Jamestown, Virginia
61
In 1620, England colonized ________
Plymouth
62
signed by Charles I reaffirming the rights of the people
Petition of Rights
63
In 1629, Charles dissolved Parliament became the absolute ruler of England, which began what?
Eleven Years Tyranny
64
sought to make the England Church more like the Roman Church
William Laud
65
the Parliament that sat in session for 13 years
“Long Parliament”
66
grievances of Puritans in Parliament for religious reform & limitation of the king’s power
Grand Remonstrance
67
During the English Civil War, Parliament's supporters were the _____
Roundheads
68
During the English Civil War, the King's supporters were the _____
Cavaliers
69
the leader of Parliament’s armies; his army was known as the “Ironsides”
Oliver Cromwell
70
turning point of the English Civil War in favor of the Roundheads (Ironsides won)
Battle of Marston Moor
71
final major defeat of the Cavaliers
Battle of Naseby
72
declared King Charles I guilty of treason & had him beheaded
Rump Parliament
73
England’s new republican government under Cromwell
Commonwealth
74
Cromwell’s government after he dissolved Parliament; he made himself “Lord Protector”
Protectorate
75
Oliver Cromwell’s weak successor
Richard Cromwell
76
son of Charles I, who restored the monarchy in England
Charles II
77
secret agreement between Charles II & Louis XIV to make England Catholic
Treaty of Dover
78
leaders of Parliament, who opposed Charles II
Whigs
79
Catholic king after Charles II; brother of Charles II
James II
80
overthrew James II & became the Protestant King & Queen of England
William III & Mary II
81
permanently established English traditional political liberties; 1689
English Bill of Rights
82
When was the “Glorious Revolution” or the “Bloodless Revolution”?
1688
83
Last Stuart monarch in England
Queen Anne
84
When did England & Scotland unite to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain
1707
85
wrote Paradise Lost, England’s greatest epic
John Milton
85
wrote Pilgrim’s Progress, England’s greatest allegory
John Bunyan
86
wrote about the mind, soul, & eternity to express spiritual truth
Metaphysical Poets
87
lyrical poems about love & pleasures of this world
Cavalier Poets
88
started the Pietist movement
Philipp Spener
89
German baptists
The Brethren
90
leader of the Moravians; established a Moravian settlement on his estate
Count Nicholas von Zinzendorf
91
headquarters for moravian missions
Herrnhut
92
his most famous sermon— “Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God”
Johnathan Edwards
93
Best-known evangelist of the Great Awakening; Went on 7 evangelistic tours total; Preached to over 30,000 people at 1 time; a total of over 10 million in his lifetime
George Whitfield
94
What are the results of the Great Awakening
1. Thousands of sinners were converted and countless believers revived
2. A new missionary spirit was kindled
3. New schools and colleges were founded
4. The people’s hearts were prepared for religious and political freedom.
95
brought the Great Awakening to England
John Wesley
96
Who invented the concept of empiricism
John Locke
97
experience is the only source of knowledge
Empiricism
98
Who invented the concept of skepticism
David Hume
99
to know truth is impossible & knowledge is uncertain
Skepticism
100
brother of John Wesley known for hymn writing; G. Whitfield & their friend group was called the “Methodists"
Charles Wesley
101
led the movement in England to end slavery
William Wilberforce
102
founded the 1st Sunday School (“Father of the Sunday School Movement”) & started popular education in England
Robert Raikes
103
bettered the conditions of the prison system
John Howard
104
"Father of Modern Missions” (1782)
William Carey
105
missionary to Burma; “Father of American Missions”
Adoniram Judson
106
wrote “Amazing Grace”
John Newton
107
“Father of Modern Conservative"
Edmund Burke
108
leading authority in British law; Commentaries on the Laws of England
Sir William Blackstone
108
greatest literary figure of the 18th century
Samuel Johnson
109
charted the islands of New Zealand, New Guinea, Australia, & the Hawaiian Islands
Captain James Cook
110
began the Hanoverian Line of English Kings
George I
111
1st true Prime Minister of Britain
Sir Robert Walpole
112
What rebellion took place during the reign of George I
Jacobite Rebellion
113
2nd Hanoverian King; less involved than the 1st
George II
114
British fought the French & their North American allies for control of eastern North America
French and Indian War
115
Prime Minister of England who drove the French out of North America
William Pitt the Elder
116
3rd Hanoverian King; worked to increase the power of the king of England over the colonies
George III
117
the real measure of a nation’s wealth is the amount of gold or silver it possessed; colonies existed for the good of the mother country
Mercantilism
118
When did the Continental Congress take place?
1774
119
most important human statement of political principles in the history of the world
Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776)
120
America’s 1st attempt at a national government
Articles of Confederation
