World History Test Chapters 24-25 Flashcards
to have the freedom from something or freedom to do something
Liberalism
frees man from God’s morals & standards
Modern Liberalism
The Results of Liberalism:
- Increased government control
- Potential for socialism & communism
- False philosophies spread
preserving (conserving) traditional Western & Judeo-Christian principles & morals
Conservatism
The most powerful conservative force through the ages:
The Bible
nothing can be known except for observable science
Positivism
Who created Positivism?
Auguste Comte
the science of human society
Sociology
the study of the mind
Psychology
promoted psychoanalysis as a part of psychology
Sigmund Freud
viewing man as an animal that can be “trained” or “conditioned”
Behavioral Psychology
Who created Behavioral Psychology?
Ivan Pavlov & B.F. Skinner
an idea or action that should be judged solely by the results
Pragmatism
the “anti-philosophy”; No truth or reality & no purpose in the life that humans live
Existentialism
Who promoted Existentialism?
Soren Kierkegaard & Friedrich Nietzche
applying liberal philosophy & pseudoscience to education
Progressive Education
Who created Progressive Education
John Dewey
emphasized social improvement over spiritual change
Social Gospel
“The Prophet of the Social Gospel”
Walter Rauschenbusch
a union of all spiritual regardless of doctrinal differences
Ecumenism
Christians who remained faithful to God’s Word
Fundamentalists
“Prince of Expositors”
G. Campbell Morgan
archaeologist in the Middle East, who defended the faith
Sir William Ramsey
wrote “My Utmost for His Highest”
Oswald Chambers
conducted evangelistic campaigns for 70 years
Rodney (“Gipsy”) Smith
“Apostle to the Skeptics”
R.A. Torrey
converted baseball star who led thousands to Christ
Billy Sunday
a prominent art form which captured moments received by the physical senses
Impressionism
known for the art style of cubism
Picasso
“art for art’s sake”
Abstract art
wrote & illustrated the Tale of Peter Rabbit
Beatrix Potter
warmly illustrated scenes of American life
Norman Rockwell
wrote in support of Joseph Stalin
H.G. Wells
wrote The Jungle about the meat-packing industry in Chicago
Upton Sinclair
wrote The Hobbit & The Lord of the Rings
J.R.R. Tolkien
wrote Animal Farm & 1984
George Orwell
wrote The Chronicles of Narnia & The Screwtape Letters
C.S. Lewis
wrote “Ash Wednesday” & “Journey of the Magi”
T.S. Eliot
the leading financial & industrial nation in the 1920s
America
investments or shares in an industrial or commercial company
Stock
risky investments for the chance of making a quick profit
Speculation
When did the Stock Market crash?
October 29, 1929; “Black Tuesday”
Who was to blame for WWI?
Germany
a form of socialism that is similar to Communism; it exercises totalitarian control of political, economic, cultural, religious, and social activities, and it follows Darwinian ideas in its attempts to change society and bring in a new social order
Fascism
Dictator of Italy:
Benito Mussolini
a form of socialism, but it relies more heavily on terrorist aggression, fanatical racism, and antidemocratic nationalism
Nazism
Dictator of Germany:
Adolf Hitler
a form of socialism that promotes violent overthrow of government to change society; usually results in a dictator that controls the people
Communism
Dictator of Russia:
Joseph Stalin
relies upon a military solution to economic and social problems
Militarism
Dictator of Japan:
General Hideki Tojo
Hitler’s biography; described his racist, humanistic philosophy
Mein Kampf (“My Struggle”)
Germany’s chief legislative body
Reichstag
Hitler’s title
Der Fuhrer
the name of Hitler’s reign
Third Reich
the systematic murder of 6 million Jews & other inferior races to eradicate them
Holocaust
leader of Militaristic Japan
General Hideki Tojo
official head of the Japanese government (but power rested on the military generals)
Emperor Hirohito
leader of Nationalist forces of China
Chiang Kai-Shek
leader of the Communist forces of China
Mao Tse-Tung
American general who led the “Flying Tigers”
Claire Chennault
Proved to be a “testing ground” for German & Communist weapons
Spain
the union between Japan, Germany, Italy
Axis Powers
Prime Minister of England who negotiated the Munich Pact with Hitler; “peace in our times” (through appeasement)
Neville Chamberlain
Nazi fortifications built to oppose the French Maginot Line
Siegfried
The invasion of ______ began WWII
Poland
Hitler’s _______ bombers & ______ tanks conquered Poland in 4 weeks
Stuka; Panzer
The German ______ battle technique overwhelmed Europe
blitzkrieg
after Poland, there were no battles for 7 months until Germany conquered Denmark and Norway
Sitzkrieg
traitor installed as the head of the nazi government in Norway
Vidkin Quisling
The German army overwhelmed the Allies in France & pushed them back to _______.
Dunkirk
led the French resistance against Germany
Charles de Gaulle
new Prime Minister of England after Neville Chamberlain resigned; the 20th Century’s greatest statesmen
Winston Churchill
German warships designed after the Treaty of Versailles
“Pocket Battleships”
When did Hitler invade Russia?
1941
adopted the important “cash and carry” principle for dealing with warring nations
Neutrality Act of 1937
Congress allowed FDR to trade,loan, or lease war materials with the Allied nations
Lend-Lease Act
The American gunboat called the ______ was sunk on the Yangtze River
Panay
When did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
December 7, 1941
What were the Failures of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor?
- U.S. aircraft carriers were at sea during the raid so they escaped harm
- Repair facilities and fuel reserves were not destroyed by the raid
- The attack united the American people as nothing had before
American general who became commander of all Allied forces in Europe
Dwight Eisenhower
Allied offensive to retake North Africa
Operation Torch
led the Allies from North Africa & invaded Italy
George Patton
second generation; Japanese-American soldiers
Nisei
last major German offensive in the East
Stalingrad
the Allies invaded Normandy, France to retake Europe from the Nazis
D-Day
the last Nazi offensive in the West; Allied line did not break
Battle of the Bulge
When did Berlin surrender?
May 2, 1945
When did Germany surrender?
May 8, 1945
was sent to the Philippines to prepare them for defense against Japan
General Douglass MacArthur
What did General MacArthur say to the soldier of the Philippines before he retreated?
“I shall return.”
march of Japanese prisoners of war to a prison camp in Bataan; thousands were murdered
Bataan Death March
What was the last land route to China that Japan sought to cut off?
Burma Road
led the 1st air raids on the islands of Japan
Jimmy Doolittle
first naval battle where naval ships never saw each other
Battle of Coral Sea
the turning point of the war in the Pacific
Battle of Midway
a technique through which the U.S. land forces strategically assaulted & liberated important Pacific islands from Japan
“Island-hopping”
commander-in-chief of U.S. Pacific fleet
Admiral Chester Nimitz
keystone of Japanese Defense
Saipan
General MacArthur returned to the Philippines after what Battle?
Battle of Leyte Gulf
Strategic island for America to attack Japan from
Iwo Jima
Japanese suicide pilots who launched attacks on American ships
Kamikazes
Who was the next president after FDR passed away?
Harry S. Truman
called for unconditional Japanese surrender
Potsdam Declaration
During the 1940s, a U.S. research team developed the atomic bomb
Manhattan Project
What 2 cities did America drop the atomic bomb?
Nagasaki & Hiroshima
When did America drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima & Nagasaki?
September 2, 1945
Most famous concentration camp:
Auschwitz
By the end of the war, _______ Jewish people were murdered by the Nazis
6 million
Nazi war criminals were tried & punished at Nuremberg from 1945-1949
Nuremberg Trials
a meeting to discuss the fate of free nations & a post-war peace organization
Tehran
1st permanent world peace organizations
UN (United Nations)
met to discuss the fate (splitting up) of Germany
Potsdam
