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Flashcards 10 > History Test 2 Chapter 13-14 > Flashcards

History Test 2 Chapter 13-14 Flashcards

1
Q

earliest known inhabitants of the British Isles

A

Celts

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2
Q

ancient Celtic worship site & observatory

A

Stonehenge

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3
Q

Tribes from Denmark that invaded England in the 500’s

A

Angles, Saxons, & Jutes

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4
Q

1st Archbishop of Canterbury (most influential church office in England)

A

Augustine

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5
Q

King of Wessex who defeated the Danes & confined them to Danelaw; became the 1st great king of England

A

Alfred the Great

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6
Q

the Danes took back control under his rule by 1000

A

Canute the Dane

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7
Q

William the Conqueror (Norman) defeated & killed Harold Godwin

A

Battle of Hastings

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8
Q

In what year was the Battle of Hastings

A

1066

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9
Q

a count of people and their property

A

Census

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10
Q

the book used to record the census

A

Doomsday book

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11
Q

The son of William the Conqueror

A

Henry I (1100-1135)

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12
Q

Grandson of Henry I, who started the Plantagenet line of kings

A

Henry II (1154-1189)

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13
Q

a group of people called on to give a verdict in a legal matter

A

Trial by Jury

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14
Q

who created trial by jury?

A

Henry II

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15
Q

Spent most of his time fighting in wars & crusades

A

Richard I (1189-1199) or Richard the Lionhearted

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16
Q

RIchard I’s mother, who maintained his kingdom for him

A

Eleanor of Aquitaine

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17
Q

The most hated king in English history

A

John (1189-1216)

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18
Q

King John lost much of England’s land to who?

A

King Philip Augustus of France

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19
Q

an agreement between the king and the nobles in the tradition of King Henry I’s Charter of Liberties; restated the old laws and customs of feudalism and limited the power of the king as a feudal lord over the nobles as his feudal vassals

A

Magna Carta

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20
Q

When was the Magna Carta signed?

A

1215

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21
Q

the right of a person to have their “day in court”

A

habeas corpus

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22
Q

a written plan which sets up a form of government & establishes its basic governing principles

A

Constitution

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23
Q

a place of meeting between representatives of nations

A

Parliament

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24
Q

who formed the first parliament?

A

Simon de Monfort

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25
Q

A strong king who conquered Wales & portions of Scotland; expensive wars forced him to cooperate with Model Parliament; nicknamed Longshanks

A

Edward I (1272-1307)

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26
Q

Prince of Wales

A

Llewellyn

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27
Q

the House of Lords & House of Commons developed during this king’s rule

A

Edward III (1313-1377)

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28
Q

Name the Plantagenet Line of Kings

A
  1. Henry II (1154-1189)
  2. Richard I (1189-1199)
  3. John (1189-1216)
  4. Henry III (1216-1272)
  5. Edward I (1272-1307)
  6. Edward II (1307-1312)
  7. Edward III (1313-1377)
  8. Richard II (1377-1399)
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29
Q

The reason for the Hundred Years War

A

England’s land claim in French territory

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30
Q

peasant girl who led French forces into battle

A

Joan of Arc

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31
Q

Who won in the end of The Hundred Years War? How did they win?

A

France eventually won; the use of Gunpowder

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32
Q

1st king of the Lancaster Line of Kings

A

Henry IV

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33
Q

Who were the White Roses?

A

York

34
Q

Who were the Red Roses?

A

Lancaster

35
Q

final major battle of the War of Roses

A

Battle of Bosworth field (1485)

36
Q

defeated the Yorks and became Henry VII; 1st Tudor king

A

Henry Tudor (Henry VIII)

37
Q

Who’s coronation began the modern nation of France in 987

A

Hugh Capet

38
Q

France’s version of Parliament; Phillip the Fair created this group to gain support against the Pope

A

Estates-General

39
Q

What peninsula does Spain and Portugal share?

A

Iberian Peninsula

40
Q

Muslims from North Africa who took control of Hispania; created a strong culture

A

Moors

41
Q

Italian explorer, who travelled into the Far East during the 1200’s

A

Marco Polo

42
Q

sailed around Africa to India; 1st European to reach the Far East by sea

A

Vasco de Gama

43
Q

Explored on behalf of Spain

A

Christopher Columbus

44
Q

Italian sailor after whom America is named

A

Amerigo Vespucci

45
Q

1st great civilization of the WESTERN Hemisphere

A

Mayas

46
Q

most IMPORTANT civilization in South America

A

Incas

47
Q

most POWERFUL North American Empire at the beginning of the Age of Exploration

A

Aztecs

48
Q

1st Spanish landing in North America; searched for the Fountain of Youth in Florida

A

Ponce de Leon

49
Q

discovered the Pacific Ocean

A

Vasco de Balboa

50
Q

led 3-year voyage around the world; 1st to circumnavigate the globe

A

Ferdinand Magellan (1519)

51
Q

conquered the Aztecs & their powerful leader Montezuma II

A

Hernando Cortez

52
Q

conquered the Incas of Peru

A

Francisco Pizarro

53
Q

discovered the Grand Canyon

A

Francisco Coronado

54
Q

discovered the Mississippi River

A

Hernando de Soto

55
Q

explored the coast of California

A

Juan Cabrillo

56
Q

drawn by Pope Alexander VI to end the exploration rivalry between Spain & Portugal

A

Line of Demarcation

57
Q

claimed Brazil for Portugal

A

Pedro Cabral

58
Q

explored the East Coast of North America

A

Giovanni de Verrazano

59
Q

discovered the St. Lawrence River

A

Jaques Cartier

60
Q

1st modern explorer to reach the North American mainland

A

John Cabot (1497)

61
Q

gave England major claim to territory in the New World

A

Newfoundland

62
Q

translated the Old Testament from Hebrew into German during the 1400’s

A

Johann Reuchlin

63
Q

a friend of Martin Luther, who translated the New Testament from Greek to German

A

Phillip Melanchthon

64
Q

printed the 1st Bible in the English language

A

William Tyndale

65
Q

translated the Bible into French & promoted the teaching of Justification by Faith Alone

A

Jacques LeFèvre D’Etaples

66
Q

taught that the Catholic church was “distorting” God’s Word

A

Desiderius Erasmus

67
Q

a professor at the University of Wittenberg & began a study of the Bible

A

Martin Luther (1483-1546)

68
Q

“the just shall live by faith”

A

Romans 1:16-17

69
Q

composed the 1st Protestant hymn book & wrote A Mighty Fortress Is Our God

A

Martin Luther (1483-1546)

70
Q

Taught that indulgences free a person of sin’s punishment

A

Johann Tetzel

71
Q

on October 31, 1517, Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the church in Wittenberg; this began The Protestant Reformation

A

Luther’s Challenge

72
Q

PROTESTED the corrupt church practices

A

Protestant

73
Q

to REFORM (change) the problems in the church

A

Reformation

74
Q

an official church meeting

A

Diet

75
Q

The diet that Luther was commanded by Emperor Charles V to attend in 1521

A

Diet of Worms

76
Q

declared Martin Luther a heretic

A

Edict of Worms

77
Q

1st protestant university in Europe

A

University of Wittenberg

78
Q

Catholic priest in Zurich, Switzerland; preached the truth of the Bible instead of Catholic doctrine

A

Ulrich Zwingli

79
Q

Switzerland was divided into what?

A

cantons

80
Q

French Protestant Reformation Leader; forced to flee to Basel, Switzerland

A

John Calvin

81
Q

led by Conrad Grebel; believers should be baptized after they are saved

A

Anabaptists

82
Q

most important book of the Protestant Reformation outside of the Bible

A

The Institutes of the Christian Religion

Flashcards 10 (6 decks)

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