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Flashcards 10 > History Test 2 Chapter 13-14 > Flashcards

History Test 2 Chapter 13-14 Flashcards

1
Q

earliest known inhabitants of the British Isles

A

Celts

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2
Q

ancient Celtic worship site & observatory

A

Stonehenge

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3
Q

Tribes from Denmark that invaded England in the 500’s

A

Angles, Saxons, & Jutes

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4
Q

1st Archbishop of Canterbury (most influential church office in England)

A

Augustine

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5
Q

King of Wessex who defeated the Danes & confined them to Danelaw; became the 1st great king of England

A

Alfred the Great

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6
Q

the Danes took back control under his rule by 1000

A

Canute the Dane

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7
Q

William the Conqueror (Norman) defeated & killed Harold Godwin

A

Battle of Hastings

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8
Q

In what year was the Battle of Hastings

A

1066

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9
Q

a count of people and their property

A

Census

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10
Q

the book used to record the census

A

Doomsday book

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11
Q

The son of William the Conqueror

A

Henry I (1100-1135)

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12
Q

Grandson of Henry I, who started the Plantagenet line of kings

A

Henry II (1154-1189)

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13
Q

a group of people called on to give a verdict in a legal matter

A

Trial by Jury

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14
Q

who created trial by jury?

A

Henry II

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15
Q

Spent most of his time fighting in wars & crusades

A

Richard I (1189-1199) or Richard the Lionhearted

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16
Q

RIchard I’s mother, who maintained his kingdom for him

A

Eleanor of Aquitaine

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17
Q

The most hated king in English history

A

John (1189-1216)

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18
Q

King John lost much of England’s land to who?

A

King Philip Augustus of France

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19
Q

an agreement between the king and the nobles in the tradition of King Henry I’s Charter of Liberties; restated the old laws and customs of feudalism and limited the power of the king as a feudal lord over the nobles as his feudal vassals

A

Magna Carta

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20
Q

When was the Magna Carta signed?

A

1215

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21
Q

the right of a person to have their “day in court”

A

habeas corpus

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22
Q

a written plan which sets up a form of government & establishes its basic governing principles

A

Constitution

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23
Q

a place of meeting between representatives of nations

A

Parliament

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24
Q

who formed the first parliament?

A

Simon de Monfort

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25
A strong king who conquered Wales & portions of Scotland; expensive wars forced him to cooperate with Model Parliament; nicknamed Longshanks
Edward I (1272-1307)
26
Prince of Wales
Llewellyn
27
the House of Lords & House of Commons developed during this king's rule
Edward III (1313-1377)
28
Name the Plantagenet Line of Kings
1. Henry II (1154-1189) 2. Richard I (1189-1199) 3. John (1189-1216) 4. Henry III (1216-1272) 5. Edward I (1272-1307) 6. Edward II (1307-1312) 7. Edward III (1313-1377) 8. Richard II (1377-1399)
29
The reason for the Hundred Years War
England’s land claim in French territory
30
peasant girl who led French forces into battle
Joan of Arc
31
Who won in the end of The Hundred Years War? How did they win?
France eventually won; the use of Gunpowder
32
1st king of the Lancaster Line of Kings
Henry IV
33
Who were the White Roses?
York
34
Who were the Red Roses?
Lancaster
35
final major battle of the War of Roses
Battle of Bosworth field (1485)
36
defeated the Yorks and became Henry VII; 1st Tudor king
Henry Tudor (Henry VIII)
37
Who's coronation began the modern nation of France in 987
Hugh Capet
38
France’s version of Parliament; Phillip the Fair created this group to gain support against the Pope
Estates-General
39
What peninsula does Spain and Portugal share?
Iberian Peninsula
40
Muslims from North Africa who took control of Hispania; created a strong culture
Moors
41
Italian explorer, who travelled into the Far East during the 1200’s
Marco Polo
42
sailed around Africa to India; 1st European to reach the Far East by sea
Vasco de Gama
43
Explored on behalf of Spain
Christopher Columbus
44
Italian sailor after whom America is named
Amerigo Vespucci
45
1st great civilization of the WESTERN Hemisphere
Mayas
46
most IMPORTANT civilization in South America
Incas
47
most POWERFUL North American Empire at the beginning of the Age of Exploration
Aztecs
48
1st Spanish landing in North America; searched for the Fountain of Youth in Florida
Ponce de Leon
49
discovered the Pacific Ocean
Vasco de Balboa
50
led 3-year voyage around the world; 1st to circumnavigate the globe
Ferdinand Magellan (1519)
51
conquered the Aztecs & their powerful leader Montezuma II
Hernando Cortez
52
conquered the Incas of Peru
Francisco Pizarro
53
discovered the Grand Canyon
Francisco Coronado
54
discovered the Mississippi River
Hernando de Soto
55
explored the coast of California
Juan Cabrillo
56
drawn by Pope Alexander VI to end the exploration rivalry between Spain & Portugal
Line of Demarcation
57
claimed Brazil for Portugal
Pedro Cabral
58
explored the East Coast of North America
Giovanni de Verrazano
59
discovered the St. Lawrence River
Jaques Cartier
60
1st modern explorer to reach the North American mainland
John Cabot (1497)
61
gave England major claim to territory in the New World
Newfoundland
62
translated the Old Testament from Hebrew into German during the 1400’s
Johann Reuchlin
63
a friend of Martin Luther, who translated the New Testament from Greek to German
Phillip Melanchthon
64
printed the 1st Bible in the English language
William Tyndale
65
translated the Bible into French & promoted the teaching of Justification by Faith Alone
Jacques LeFèvre D’Etaples
66
taught that the Catholic church was “distorting” God’s Word
Desiderius Erasmus
67
a professor at the University of Wittenberg & began a study of the Bible
Martin Luther (1483-1546)
68
“the just shall live by faith”
Romans 1:16-17
69
composed the 1st Protestant hymn book & wrote A Mighty Fortress Is Our God
Martin Luther (1483-1546)
70
Taught that indulgences free a person of sin’s punishment
Johann Tetzel
71
on October 31, 1517, Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the church in Wittenberg; this began The Protestant Reformation
Luther’s Challenge
72
PROTESTED the corrupt church practices
Protestant
73
to REFORM (change) the problems in the church
Reformation
74
an official church meeting
Diet
75
The diet that Luther was commanded by Emperor Charles V to attend in 1521
Diet of Worms
76
declared Martin Luther a heretic
Edict of Worms
77
1st protestant university in Europe
University of Wittenberg
78
Catholic priest in Zurich, Switzerland; preached the truth of the Bible instead of Catholic doctrine
Ulrich Zwingli
79
Switzerland was divided into what?
cantons
80
French Protestant Reformation Leader; forced to flee to Basel, Switzerland
John Calvin
81
led by Conrad Grebel; believers should be baptized after they are saved
Anabaptists
82
most important book of the Protestant Reformation outside of the Bible
The Institutes of the Christian Religion

Flashcards 10 (18 decks)

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