World History Chapters 17-23 Flashcards
1
Q
Who was the “Sun King”
A
Louis XIV
2
Q
“governments by men who sit at desks”; made up of the bourgeoisie (middle class)
A
Bureaucracy
3
Q
a palace used to entertain & “distract” the nobles
A
Palace of Versailles
4
Q
founded Quebec (1st permanent french colony) in 1608
A
Samuel de Champlain
5
Q
ended the War of the Spanish Succession
A
Treaty of Utrecht
6
Q
a time where philosophy changed the thinking of France
A
Age of Enlightenment
7
Q
“Father of Enlightenment”
A
Voltaire
8
Q
“Father of French Romanticism”
A
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
9
Q
Louis XIV’s grandson, who became king ; said the phrase: “Après moi le déluge”
A
Louis XV
10
Q
The French king at the beginning of the French Revolution; was also the only king to be executed by the guillotine
A
Louis XVI
11
Q
France was divided into 3 _______.
A
estates
12
Q
Louis XVI was forced to call a meeting of the Estates General in ______.
A
1789
13
Q
a vow to meet until a constitution was written
A
Tennis Court Oath
14
Q
France’s 1st Constitution created by the Constituent Assembly; France was now a Constitutional Monarchy
A
Constitution of 1791
15
Q
The Constitutional Assembly divided into 3 main groups:
A
- Right
- Center
- Left
16
Q
supported the king; didn’t want to continue the revolution
A
Right
17
Q
middle ground; didn’t really care
A
Center
18
Q
radicals who wanted a stronger revolution
A
Left
19
Q
Who led the Committee of Public Safety
A
Maximilien Robespierre
20
Q
rejected scripture & viewed God as an impersonal Being revealed only in nature that must be sought through men’s reason
A
Deism
21
Q
What did Napoleon create when he over-threw France’s government? When did he create this?
A
Consulate; 1799
22
Q
formal agreement with the pope that made peace with the Catholic Church; his most significant accomplishment
A
Concordat
23
Q
Napoleon sold the ________________ to the United States as a result of a slave revolt in Haiti
A
Louisiana Territory
24
Q
England defeated Napoleon’s Navy in the Mediterranean Sea
A
Battle of Trafalgar
25
Napoleon’s greatest military victory; he defeated the Russians and the Austrians
Battle of Austerlitz
26
Napoleon ordered that any nation allied with France was not allowed to trade with England
Continental System
27
withdrew Russia from the Continental system in 1812
Czar Alexander I
28
Europe banded together and defeated Napoleon’s broken army
Battle of Leipzig (Battle of Nations)
29
For the first time, Napoleon was banished from Europe to what island?
Island of Elba
30
Napoleon was defeated for a final time at the _________.
Battle of Waterloo
31
For the final time, Napoleon was banished to what island?
Island of St. Helena
32
Who was Elizabeth I's successor after she died?
James I (James VI)
33
When did King James I order the translation of the King James Version of the Bible?
1611
34
England colonized Jamestown, Virginia in....
1607
35
England colonized Plymouth in.....
1620
36
The Massachusetts Bay Colony in.....
1630
37
Parliament refused to give Charles the money he wanted, so he took it from the English people through taxes & laws
Charles I
38
Parliament’s supporters were ________.
Roundheads
39
Kings supporters were _______.
Cavaliers
40
the leader of Parliament’s armies; his army was known as the "Ironsides".
Oliver Cromwell
41
Oliver Cromwell’s weak successor
RIchard Cromwell
42
wrote Paradise Lost, England’s greatest epi
John Milton
43
wrote Pilgrim’s Progress, England’s greatest allegory
John Bunyan
44
When was the "Glorious Revolution" or the "Bloodless Revolution"?
1688
45
Last Stuart monarch in England; was able to united England & Scotland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain
Queen Anne I
46
leader of the Moravians; established a Moravian settlement on his estate
Count Nicholas von Zinzendorf
47
his most famous sermon— “Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God”
Johnathan Edwards
48
Best-known evangelist of the Great Awakening; Went on 7 evangelistic tours total
George Whitfield
49
brought the Great Awakening to England
John Wesley
50
brother of John Wesley known for hymn writing
Charles Wesley
51
The Wesley brother and George Whitefield created a group that was nicknamed _________.
"Methodists"
52
experience is the only source of knowledge
Empiricism
53
to know truth is impossible & knowledge is uncertain
Skepticism
54
led the movement in England to end slavery
William Wilberforce
55
founded the 1st Sunday School & started popular education in England; “Father of the Sunday School Movement”
Robert Raikes
56
"Father of Modern Missions” (1782); translated the Bible into over 40 Indian languages and dialects and helped improve Indian education and civilization
William Carey
57
wrote "Amazing Grace"
John Newton
58
leading authority in British law; Commentaries on the Laws of England
Sir William Blackstone
59
charted the islands of New Zealand, New Guinea, Australia, & the Hawaiian Islands
Captain James Cook
60
began the Hanoverian Line of English Kings
George I
61
2nd Hanoverian King; less involved than the 1st; The Industrial Revolution began under him
George II
62
3rd Hanoverian King; worked to increase the power of the king of England over the colonies; The American War for Independence took place during his reign
George III
63
the real measure of a nation’s wealth is the amount of gold or silver it possessed; colonies existed for the good of the mother country
mercantilism
64
most important human statement of political principles in the history of the world
Declaration of Independence
65
1st president of the United States
George Washington
66
growing just enough food to meet personal needs
Subsistence farming
67
work was done in homes or small, private shops
Domestic system
68
a large number of people employed to produce manufactured goods in a systematic way for wages
Factory System
69
wages as compared to the cost of living
Real wages
70
steel plow
John Deere
71
mechanical reaper
Cyrus McCormick
72
began in England’s textile factories
Industrial Revolution
73
cotton gin
Eli Whitney
74
practical, coal-burning steam engine
James Watt
75
1st practical STEAMSHIP
Robert Fulton
76
1st steam-powered LOCOMOTIVE
George Stephenson
77
electric telegraph
Samuel Morse
78
first transatlantic cable
Cyrus Field
79
1st working telephone
Alexander Graham Bell
80
1st vaccine for smallpox
Edward Jenner
81
germ theory of disease
Louis Pasteur
82
antiseptics for clean germs after surgery
Joseph Lister
83
considered one of the greatest inventors of all time (light bulbs)
Thomas Edison
84
America’s economic growth can be attributed to its economic system of ______.
capitalism
85
founded and owned the largest steel company in the world in the late 1800’s (Gospel of Wealth)
Andrew Carnegie
86
known for banking
J.P. Morgan
87
donating money to social causes to help less fortunate people
Philanthropy
88
Wrote Wealth of Nations; Largely responsible for the Rise and Success of Capitalism in America
Adam Smith
89
became the Queen of England at 18 years old
Queen Victoria
90
Queen Victoria ruled for ______ years.
64
91
prime consort of England; Queen Victoria’s husband
Prince Albert
92
“the right to vote”; by the late 1800s, all adult males gained this right in England
Suffrage
93
the “Prince of Preaches” who started the Metropolitan Tabernacle Church in London; the best-known preacher of Victorian England
Charles Spurgeon
94
best known preacher in America during the Victorian Age (preached throughout England as well)
D.L. Moody
95
missionary to China in the 1800s; founded the CIM (china inland mission)
J. Hudson Taylor
96
one of the 1st missionaries to the interior of Japan
"Joseph Hardy" Neesima
97
1st Baptist missionary to Japan; invented the rickshaw
Johnathan Goble
98
German missionary to England known for building orphanages and his strong prayers
George Muller
99
founder of the Salvation Army in England (1878)
William Booth
100
offered food, shelter, & the gospel to inner-city making men
YMCA
101
created the modern nursing profession for England during the Crimean War (1854-1856)
Florence Nightingale
102
the establishment of colonies in an empire to benefit the empire
Imperialism
103
England and their allies vs. Russia; England won and stopped in the expansion of war
Crimean War
104
a rebellion that started in the British control
Sepoy Rebellion
105
1st European to cross the Sahara Desert; also discovered Lake Chad
Hugh Claperton
106
most famous missionary explorer of Africa; discovered Victoria Falls
David Livingstone
107
American explorer sent to find Livingstone; later he became a missionary explorer
Henry Stanley
108
1st black bishop of the Church of England
Samuel Adjaj Crowther
109
founded in 1847 as the 1st independent African republic
Liberia
110
The earliest European settlers were the _______.
Dutch (Afrikaners)
111
The South African Dutch farmers were called _________.
Boers
112
What two states in Africa were established after the Great Trek
Orange Free State & Transversal
113
England united the Boer and British lands
Union of South Africa
114
discovered and explored by James Cook in the 1700s
Australia
115
natives of Australia
Aborigines
116
natives of New Zealand
Maoris
117
association of nations that recognizes the British monarch as their symbolic head
British Commonwealth of Nations
118
popularized the theory of evolution in 1859; widely accepted in England by the 1900s
Charles Darwin
119
government control of the nation’s resources and finances; “the greatest happiness for the greatest number”
Socialism
120
the false teaching that the Bible is not God’s Word but stories & myths
Modernism
121
the “right” of the people to rebel against governments & form their own; usually leads to anarchy
Revolutionary Nationalism
122
all truth can be changed or altered
Relativism
123
2 opposing views will logically come to a correct conclusion
Dialectic Thinking
124
relies on emotions & intelligence to “find God”
Religious Liberalism
125
questioning the authenticity, truth, & accuracy of the Bible
Higher Criticism
126
false idea that God is not separate from nature but nature is God
Pantheism
127
Famous German Romanticists:
Goethe & Wagner
128
Famous French Romanticists:
Victor Hugo & Delacroix
129
Famous English Poets
Wordsworth, Coleridge, Lord Byron, Shelley, & Keats
130
An alliance made up of Austria, Prussia, Russia, Great Britain, & France
New Alliance
131
led several Latin American nations to independence; by 1825, most of Latin America was free from European rule
Simon Bolivar ("The Liberator")
132
In 1823, President Monroe stated that European involvement in Latin America was not allowed
Monroe Doctrine
133
king after Napoleon’s fall & the re-established monarchy
Louis XVIII
134
overthrew Charles X because France became dissatisfied with its weak government
July Revolution
135
King of Belgium; his successor Leopold II is remembered for colonizing the Congo
Leopold I
136
France deposed Louis Philippe & Louis Napoleon was elected “president”
Revolution of 1848
137
"Young Italy"
Giuseppe Mazzini
138
Leader of the Red Shirts
Giuseppe Garibaldi
139
first king of a united Italy
Victor Immanuel II
140
Otto von Bismarck instigated war with France to unite Germany
Franco-Prussian War
141
dismissed Bismarck & expanded Germany’s borders
Wilhelm II
142
What countries made up the Dual Alliance
France & Russia
143
What countries made up the Entente Cordiale
France & England
144
What countries made up the Triple Entente
France, Great Britain, & Russia
145
emphasized the founding of utopian (“perfect”) communities in with socialist ideas could be tried
Utopian Socialism
146
advocated “democratic socialism”; from each according to his ability, to each according to his need
Louis Blanc
147
planetary model of the atom
Niels Bohr
148
theories of relativity
Albert Einstein
149
discovered hundreds of profitables uses for the peanut & other crops
George Washington Carver
149
Cuban doctor who theorized yellow fever spread through mosquitoes
Dr. Carlos Finlay
149
created the assembly line process & the 1st mass-produced car (Model-T)
Henry Ford
149
dirigible (zeppelin)
Ferdinand von Zeppelin
150
world's 1st successful airplane
Wright Brothers (Orville & Wilbur)
151
became the main form of entertainment & information by World War I
Radio
152
largest ocean liner in the world; sank in 1912
Titanic
153
What began WWI?
the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria
154
the successful defense of Paris from the German army in August of 1914
Miracle on the Marne
155
a 600 mile stretch of land where Allies & Central powers faced off; new weapons brought great casualties
Western Front
156
a German attack on the French line in early 1916; it failed
Battle of Verdun
157
A British counterattack after Verdun at the Somme in Northern France; mostly failed; The most violent battle of World War I
Battle of the Somme
158
rebellion against Czar Alexander I in 1917
Russian Revolution
159
led the Bolshevik Revolution, which overthrew the government in November of 1917
Vladimir Lenin
160
England’s 1st Lord of Admiralty; his plan of the Gallipoli Campaign
Winston Churchill
161
Germany’s greatest military achievement in the war
U-boat (submarine)
162
most important naval battle of the war; Britain won & Germany’s navy retreated for the rest of the war
Battle of Jutland
163
aerial warfare; planes used guns and grenades
Dogfights
164
pilots who shot down at least 5 enemy aircrafts
Aces
165
German ace; The “Red Baron”
Manfred von Richthofen
166
famous American ace who shot down 26 enemy aircraft
Eddie Rickenbacker
167
The _____________ pushed the U.S. closer to war
Zimmerman Note
168
a German long-range gun
Big Bertha
169
The Central Powers surrendered on __________.
November 11, 1918 (Armistice Day)
170
a use of free will; the Biographical Way
Man's actions
171
God’s pattern of law; the Historical Way
Reign of Law
172
a speech given by President Wilson that outlined his plan for world peace
The Fourteen Points
173
Name the "Big Four":
1. Woodrow Wilson (U.S.)
2. David Lloyd George (Britain)
3. Georges Clemenceau (France)
4. Vittorio Orlando (Italy)
174
international peace organization made to keep world peace
League of Nations
175
What was the result of WWI?
Germany ultimately lost & forced to take all of the blame for the War
176
Germany lost all international territory; Germany lost territory on her borders with Poland and Denmark
German Territorial Losses
177
Germany was mostly demilitarized; The German army was reduced to 100,000 men
Demilitarization of Germany
178
Germany had to admit her guilt & pay back the Allies; Germany was to pay the entire cost of war damages, determined by a special committee in 1921 to be about $33 billion.
Reparation and Admission of Guilt
179
a form of socialism that promotes violent overthrow of government to change society; usually results in a dictator that controls the people
Communism
180
The Main Principles of Communism
1. No absolutes
2. No need for God
3. No control over every action of society
181
1st to put communism into practice on a wide-scale
Vladimir Lenin
182
organized communism into a pseudo-scientific format
Friedrich Engles
183
only the material world exists & material conditions alone determine a person’s life
Dialectical Materialism
184
__________ is the driving force in history
Economics
185
the middle class property owners
Bourgeoisie
186
the lower working class
Proletariat
187
Religion is the "________ of the _________"
opiate; people
188
Completed & published in 1848 by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels; Laid out a program for Communist Revolution
Communist Manifesto
189
Paris commune designed to test Marx’s communist ideology
FIrst International
190
written by Karl Marx in 1867; basis for the ideology of communism
"Das Kapital"
191
original inhabitants of Russia
Slavs
192
Marx believed the existence of ___________ is the cause of class struggle.
Private property
193
overthrew the Mongols in 1480 & became the 1st leader of united Russia
Ivan III
194
1st to take the title of czar; Brought a form of feudalism to Russia
Ivan the Terrible (IV)
195
founded the Romanov dynasty of czars
Michael Romanov
196
greatest Romanov ruler; modernized Russia & made St. Petersburg the new capital
Peter Romanov
197
tried to westernize Russia; expanded Russia to the Black Sea
Catherine the Great
198
czar during the Napoleonic Wars & the French invasion & the Oregon Territory during his rule
Czar Alexander I
199
created the secret police after the Decembrist Revolt; fought in the Crimean War
Nicholas I
200
freed the serfs from feudalism but increased his power over them
Czar Alexander II (The Czar Liberator)
201
brutally destroyed rebellions & attacked the Jewish people because of his father’s assassination
Alexander III
202
A weak ruler of Russia after Alexander III; defeated in the Russo-Japanese War
Nicholas II
203
the overthrowing of Nicholas II and set up of a Provisional Government (February 1917)
Russian Revolution
204
leader of the Provisional Government & Russia’s labor party
Alexander Kerensky
205
Communist revolutionary that led the Bolsheviks (majority) against the Mensheviks (minority)
Vladimir Lenin
206
councils of workers, soldiers, & peasants
Soviets
207
chief handyman of Vladimir Lenin
Leon Trotsky
208
the overthrowing of the Provisional Government by Lenin to establish the world’s 1st Communist Government
Bolshevik Revolution
209
Who fought in the Russian Civil War?
White Russians (Anti-Communists) vs. Red Russians (Communists)
210
ruling elite of the Communist party
Central Committee
211
Lenin’s organization made to spread Communism around the world
Third International
212
Lenin’s attempt to take control of all economic assets of Russia
War Communism
213
In 1922, Lenin organized the Russian empire into the _____________.
Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
214
Stalin’s attempt to transform Russia into an Industrial superpower; collectivizing agriculture led to millions of deaths
Stalin's FIve Year Plan
215
a reign of terror designed to root out threats to Stalin’s authority
Great Purge
216
wrote The Gulag Archipelago
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
