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APC IF > Works Progress and Quality Management > Flashcards

Works Progress and Quality Management Flashcards

1
Q

How do you check the product is correct as used by the contractor?

A
  • Check the specification
  • Reference British Standards
  • Check Manufacturers data
  • Physically inspect
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2
Q

What do you do if the contractor comes to you with an alternative product?

A

Check the suggested difference
Ensure the same standard is reached or improved.
Consider costings
Consider guarantee
Consider suitable application

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3
Q

When you carry out site inspections, what do you include in the inspection report?

A
  • Date
  • Time
  • no. operatives on site
  • Health and Safety
  • Weather conditions
  • Inspection number
  • Progress
  • Any defects/ action points
  • Discussions had on site
  • Any RFIs
  • have any defects been rectified
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4
Q

What tests on concrete can you carry out on site?

A
  • Slump test ( tests the workability of the concrete)
  • Cover meter = rebar location
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5
Q

How can progress be recorded on a project ?

A

Base against contract programmed to monitor the progress.

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6
Q

What might be the difference between the duties of a contract administrator and a clerk of works?

A

Clerk of works:
- progress and quality on site
- represents interests of the client
- ensuring quality of both materials and workmanship are in accordance with the design, spec and quality standards
- JCT -defines role - works supervisor under NEC
- electrical, mechanical and construction

Contract Administrator
-responsible for administrating the contract
-The contract administrator may be the project architect, lead consultant, the cost consultant, a specialist consultant, a client representative or employer’s agent, the project manager or an engineer
- on both construction management contract and management contract, the management contractor tends to perform the role of CA
- appointed by the client - but when assessing they should act honestly and reasonably
- Designs are open to challenge via Dispute resolution procedure - unless the contract makes their decisions final and conclusive

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7
Q

Why is it important to record progress?

A
  • to ensure the programme is evolving to try and meet the construction programme
  • Proof that you were monitoring the progress against the project timescales should any disputes arise
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8
Q

How regularly might site visits be undertaken and why?

A
  • depends on complexity and size - i normally carry out weekly inspections unless prompted for more
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9
Q

How do you ensure that the project is kept on track?

A

I chair regular meetings with the site manager and if required, the client. At this meeting, I will discuss the current status of the project to ensure that it is on track both in terms of timing and finance. Before I chair these meetings, I will review the most recent payment certificate as well as the variations that were applied for, I will then make a note of how much work has been carried out based on the programmed of works provided by the contractor. I will then inform the client of the next payment application that is expected as well as what works should be completed by then so that they have an idea of the amount of money they need to make available.

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10
Q

How do you carry out a site inspection?

A

I will first check all the latest correspondence and make notes on anything I need to pay particular attention to such as for valuation purposes or quality standards etc. I will then confirm who will be on site to show me the progress of work and ensure that I am wearing all the relevant PPE. I will then review the progress of the work according to the specification and make a note of any concerns and raise this with the site manager and client.

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11
Q

Why do you need to record the progress of works?

A

The purpose of recording progress is to ensure that the project does not fall behind schedule and where it is, the necessary actions can be implemented to pick up any slack or delay. This will also help mitigate disputes between employer and contractor as the communication is kept regular and issues can be quickly addressed

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12
Q

What quality descriptors are you aware of?

A

The contract will be appended with the agreed spec. This will include the quality standards in the preambles that the contractor must achieve. This could be the type of paint to be used on a material and the amount of coats required or the render/plaster mixture to apply to the wall and how many coats are required.

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13
Q

What is clerk of works?

A

Their role is to check the quality and progress of the works carried out on site according to the specification and report this back to the client/CA. They have no authority to administer any contractual changes.

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14
Q

How do you prepare site reports?

A

I will list out who carried out the inspection, who I met with, the date, time, weather, what I went to see, if there are any issues with what I had seen, if previous issues had been addressed and the agreed date for the next inspection. I then formulate this in an easy to read format that can be tracked using bullet points which can be referenced easily.

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15
Q

How do you determine if something has been done to the correct quality?

A

I can check that the work has been carried out according to the specification. Certain work can be judged based on experience but on occasion, we use specialists to ensure that the construction has met the standards as designed particularly with sound proofing. The works can be opened up if I believe it has not been done to the required standard although this is a last measure as it can lead to issues with the client in terms of EoT etc.

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16
Q

How do you inform your client that the project is behind schedule?

A

By reviewing the project programmed, I can identify where the project should be, I will prepare a second programmed to overlay on top of the existing programmed to show where the delay is and what the knock-on effect is to the next stages of work. This helps the client understand how far the work can potentially be pushed back to. This is first done verbally after my site visit so that they are aware and then I detail all my findings in an email as outline what action can be taken to make up the delay in time.

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17
Q

Apart from hitting the completion date, does a contractor have to follow the construction programmed?

A

No, most standard form contracts do not require a programmed to be followed activity by activity. The obligation is to finish by the completion date and meet the required standards. (The programme is treated different within different contracts) - check

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18
Q

What can you do if a contractor does not finish on time?

A

Make a claim for LDs if an extension of time has not been submitted and or approved

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19
Q

How long would you need to keep the records of site visits for?

A

6-12 years depending on how the contract was executed (under hand or deed), 15 years in relation to the limitations act. - check

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20
Q

What are project milestones?

A

key stages of a project that are defined in the contract documents.

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21
Q

What is a Gantt chart?

A

Diagram used to plan and schedule a project. shows the path tasks must be completed by in order to complete on time.

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22
Q

What contractual status does a contractors programmed have under the major standard forms of construction contract?

A
  • Under JCT, the contractor does not have to follow it as it is not considered contract document
  • Under NEC it is considered contract data and has to be updated regularly and approved by the PM
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23
Q

What Clause in NEC stipulated the programme requirement

A

ECC Clause 31.2

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24
Q

1What would you normally find on a pre-start meeting agenda?

A
  • Attendee
    start dates
    welfare
    completion estimate
    first site visit
    confirmation of payment terms
    additional items.
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25
Q

What would you normally find on a progress meeting agenda?

A

Dates
works completed
delayed works
works to be completed by next visit
issues identified
cost estimates
variations

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26
Q

A sub-contractor tells you he hasn’t been paid. What do you do?

A

Make a note of this for the records and remind the contractor that the contract is with the contractor and needs to handle it through them. This could be an early warning sign regarding cash flow issues for the main contractor.

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27
Q

How do you define how often a site visit should be completed on site ?

A
  • pre-defined states
  • During specific inspection routines
  • If and when during an issue arises
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28
Q

What is benchmarking ?

A

Benchmarking is defined as the process of measuring products, services, and processes against those of organizations known to be leaders in one or more aspects of their operations. Benchmarking provides necessary insights to help you understand how your organization compares with similar organizations, even if they are in a different business or have a different group of customers.

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29
Q

What is ISO 9001?

A

Globally recognised standard for quality management. It helps organizations of all sizes and sectors to improve their performance, meet customer expectations and demonstrate their commitment to quality.

30
Q

What does ISO stand for ?

A

International organisation for standardisation

31
Q

How would you check progress on site ?

A
  • reference program
  • check against cash flow (payments)
  • check against contract sum ( the price agreed with the contractor and entered into the contract)
  • check progress on site
  • Check materials on site
32
Q

How can you check quality control ?

A

Sample panel
Snagging
Site inspection
Compare specification
Check against reports

33
Q

Can a clerk of works issue completion ?

A

no

34
Q

What is the NEC Supervisor ?

A

Supervisor ensures that the works are carried out in line with the quality defined by the Works Information. The Supervisor will have a regular presence on site, providing independent scrutiny of the works, ensuring the correct materials are used and to the correct standards.

35
Q

What is the relevant case law in relation to inspection intervals ?

A

McGlinn v Waltham Contractors Ltd

Inspections should not be dictated by the project value and should be relevant to the works and need for inspections.

https://www.fenwickelliott.com/research-insight/articles-papers/covid-19/inspection-obligations-architects

36
Q

What are Preliminaries ?

A
  • description of the project
  • general conditions and requirements of the works
  • subcontracting, approvals, testing and completions
  • costs referred to as preliminaries / site overheads
  • cost of administrating the project
  • plant, staff, facilities
37
Q

What is a Preamble ?

A
  • explanation of a document
  • contracts, specs and BOQ

Includes:
- description of the parties to the contract
- a description of the competence of the parties - quality of goods and services expected
- background to the document
- Summary of the negotiations
- Tendering procedures
- the objective of the project
- other related documents/ previous contracts and their relationship to the current documents.

38
Q

What is a defined provisional sum

A

Defined provisional sums is work that are well defined/detailed enough to allow the contractor to make allowances for them in their programming, planning and pricing preliminaries

  • JCT
39
Q

What is an undefined provisional sum ?

A
  • less well described
  • work which is not completely designed.
  • contractor cannot be expected to make allowances for them in their programming, planning and pricing preliminaries.
  • contractor may be entitled to an extension of time and/ or additional payments when the actual works are undertaken
  • example = work below an existing structure - ground conditions and as such the extent of work required, cannot be determined until the structure is demolished and the ground opened up

JCT

40
Q

What the equivalent of a provisional sum in NEC ?

A

A risk item

41
Q

What are the types of specification ?

A
  • performance
  • prescriptive
  • descriptive
  • Proprietary (specification by brand name/patented product)
42
Q

What’s the difference between these specifications?

A

Performance Specifications define the desired outcome or performance but leave the method and materials up to the contractor.
Prescriptive Specifications detail exactly how the work should be done, including specific materials and methods.
Descriptive Specifications provide detailed characteristics of the materials and products without tying the contractor to a specific brand or product.
Proprietary Specifications specify exact products or brands to be used, limiting flexibility but ensuring consistency with a particular product.

43
Q

What are the three main standard you would consider when assessing works on site ?

A

Cost, time and quality

44
Q

What is a BRE Doc ?

A

BRE delivers innovative and rigorous products, services, standards and qualifications which are used around the globe to make buildings better for people and for the environment.

45
Q

What checks do you make to ensure the materials you specified have been used on site ?

A

During my site inspection inspect these items, I make specific reference to these items within my schedule of works to allow for the CA to inspect prior to covering. Sufficient notice should be given to allow for travel etc and attendance to site.

45
Q

What is a British Standard ?

A

British standards are the standards produced by the BSI Group which is incorporated under a royal charter and which is formally designated as the national standards body for the UK

46
Q

How do you monitor progress on site ?

A

Site inspection based on the programme, schedule of works, quality standards, specification etc

46
Q

What is a clerk of works ?

A
  • Inspects the workmanship, quality and safety of work
  • reports back to client/ managers
  • regular visits
  • check plans and specifications are being followed
  • follows legal, safety and environmental standards
47
Q

What would you do if a contractor suggest an alterative material ?

A

consider its application, costs, suitability, guarantees attached and meeting the required standards

48
Q

When inspecting works, what kind of things do you look out for?

A

Quality, workmanship, health and safety of the operatives, progress sin relation to the program, suitable materials

49
Q

How do decide how often site visits are required during a construction project?

A
  • work type
  • contract programme
  • unforeseen works
  • inspection details in schedule of work - i.e laying a roof/ deck
50
Q

In what circumstances might a project require more frequent site visits - give examples.

A
  • technical project
  • project that uncovered various issues
  • lack of confidence in new contractor
51
Q

Give me some examples of the quality standards you include in your specifications

A

BS 6150:2019 ; painting of buildings
BS9999;Fire safety
BS 8300; design of an accessible and inclusive enviroemnt

52
Q

Explain how you carried out your site inspections to assess the progress and quality of the work undertaken.

A
53
Q

Explain how you recorded the progress made to date?

A

Site inspection record and photographs

54
Q

Explain how you determined if the work was progressing to time. (i.e. how is progress on site ).

A

In reference to the contract programme

55
Q

Explain how you determined which stages of the project were “critical” and how you timed your site visits to ensure you witnessed the necessary works.

A

Defined in the schedule of works/programme to allow for this - depends which contract

56
Q

what is the difference between schedule of works activity schedule and Bill of Quantities

A

Schedule of works = a simple list of tasks with brief descriptions used in smaller or straightforward projects - priced -JCT - contractor can claim for payment when partially complete

AS= focuses on tracking project activities, their duration, and costs, and is used in contracts where payment is linked to the completion of specific activities - NEC- AS is a schedule of works - that has to be paid when 100% complete

BoQ= detailed documents that itemises all materials, labour, and other resources with precise quantities and costs, primarily used in traditional tendering and pricing - NEC and JCT

57
Q

How did you ensure the materials you specified had been used on site ?

A

Regular site inspection and evidence

58
Q

How did you check and record this and what physical checks do you make ?

A

Quality, material, placement, sizing etc

59
Q

What would you have done if you found the project falling significantly behind programme ?

A

review with the contractor, consider acceleration

60
Q

When you identified the sub-standard workmanship to what quality standards did you refer to identify the work was not to the required standard ?

A

I referred to British standards for the acceptable quality required as previously defined

61
Q

Why might you use Regulation 7?

A

To determine/dispute the suitability and adequacy of materials

62
Q

What is regulation 7 ?

A

Approved document - Materials and workmanship

63
Q

As a building surveyor, what is the importance of regular site visits and progress meetings?

A
64
Q

How would you manage expectations of clients and contractors during project progress meetings?

A
65
Q

Could you explain the individual responsibilities of the project team members, including the Contract Administrator, Project Manager, Consultants, Contractor, and Subcontractors?

A

CA= Manages the contract between the owner and the contractor, ensuring all parties adhere to the T&C

PM = Overseas the entire project, from planning through completion, ensuring its delivered on time, within scope and within budget.

Consultants = provide expert advice and specialised services in specific areas, like architecture, engineering and environmental impact - produce design and specifications

Contractor = executes the construction work according to the contract, specifications and design provided.

subcontractors = Execute specific tasks or portions of the construction work, as contracted by the main contractor.

66
Q

What is the importance of high-quality contractual documents, and how do you ensure appropriate version control?

A
67
Q

When assuming the role of NEC Supervisor or requirements under JCT Clerk of Works, what are some of the key contractual procedures that you would follow?

A
  • review works information
  • regular inspection’s
  • witness and record test results on materials and workmanship
  • Defect identification = notify the contractor - notifying and managing correction
  • issuing instruction = clarifications, changes of works information (within limits )
  • monitoring contractor’s compliance = checks against regulation
  • regular reporting on the progress of works
  • record keeping
68
Q

Could you describe a situation where you monitored site activity against the Accepted Programme, and how did you raise any risk items accordingly?

A
69
Q

In the context of a demolition and reconstruction project, what steps would you take to ensure successful project delivery, particularly with respect to monitoring adherence to revisions of the rebuild technical information?

A
70
Q

Can you describe a time when you identified a potential quality issue on site and what actions did you take to address it?

A

APC IF (19 decks)

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