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science half-yearly revision 2024 > Working scientifically > Flashcards

Working scientifically Flashcards

1
Q

What is the independent variable?

A

The variable that we change in an experiment. The ONLY thing we change

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2
Q

What is the dependent variable?

A

The variable we measure in an experiment

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3
Q

What is the control variable?

A

The variable we keep the same in an experiment. Usually more than one control variable

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4
Q

What is qualitative data?

A

Qualitative data can only be described in words or phrases
eg. rock type, species names

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5
Q

What is quantitative data?

A

Quantitative data are measurements written as numbers with units
eg. height (m), temperature (°C)

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6
Q

What is data?

A
  • Facts
  • Measurements
  • Quantities
  • Information
  • Numbers
  • Observations
  • Graphs
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7
Q

What do we measure mass in and what is the abbreviation?

A

Abbreviation - kg
Unit - kilogram

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8
Q

What do we measure temperature in and what is the abbreviation?

A

Abbreviation - °C
Unit - celsius

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9
Q

What do we measure length in and what is the abbreviation?

A

Abbreviation - m
Unit - meters

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10
Q

What do we measure time in and what is the abbreviation?

A

Abbreviation - s
Unit - seconds

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11
Q

What do we measure volume in and what is the abbreviation?

A

Abbreviation - cm³
Unit - centimeters cubed

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12
Q

What are the 2 different types of errors?

A

Systematic error
Random error

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13
Q

What is systematic error? Give an example.

A

An error that occurs with the equipment
- zero error
- inaccurately celebrated equipment

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14
Q

What is random error? Give an example.

A

An error that occurs with you
- parallax error
- incorrect reading
- wrong technique
- reflex error

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15
Q

How can data be classified?

A

It can classified according to where you obtain it from

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16
Q

What is first-hand data (primary data)?

A

Data that you or your own team personally find out by running your OWN experiment
eg. measurement YOU take

17
Q

What is second-hand data (secondary data)?

A

Data that comes from the work of other people
eg. internet, textbooks, magazine articles

18
Q

What is an anomaly?

A

A result in your results that is different and doesn’t fit with the rest of the results

19
Q

What do we do with anomalies?

A

We identify and exclude anomalies from the calculation of the average (mean)

20
Q

What are the rules for drawing a graph?

A
  • use a pencil
  • use a ruler
  • include units in heading
  • maintain whole numbers or significant figures
21
Q

What is the difference between reliable and accurate data?

A

Accurate data means that the results are valid or correct whereas reliable means you constantly get almost the exact same results after repeating an experiment

22
Q

What does validity mean?

A

A term used to describe how likely it is that an experiment measures what it was designed to measure

23
Q

What does accuracy mean?

A

A measure of how close the data collected from an experiment is to the “true value”

24
Q

What does reliability mean?

A

A measure of how repeatable the data collected from an experiment is

25
Q

What is the difference between line graphs and bar graphs?

A

Line - uses continuous data - has a range

Bar - discontinuous data - categories

26
Q

When drawing a graph which axis do the IV and DV go on?

A

DV - on the y-axis (y to the sky)
IV - on the x-axis

27
Q

What are some rules for drawing a line graph?

A
  • needs a title
  • use a pencil
  • use a ruler
  • points need to be plotted
  • needs units + labels
  • needs an appropriate scale
  • usually has a smooth curve in the results
28
Q

What are some rules for drawing a bar graph?

A
  • needs a title
  • use a ruler
  • needs an appropriate scale
  • use a pencil
  • the top of the bar needs to be drawn accurately
  • the space between the bars needs to be the same width
  • bars need to be the same width
  • use a key if needed

science half-yearly revision 2024 (13 decks)

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