The Heart Flashcards
What is the role of the circulatory system?
To pump blood and oxygen around the body
What is a type of pump is the heart?
The heart is a double pump which means that is squeezes the blood around the body and to the lungs
What is the heart made out of?
Cardiac muscle
Where does oxygenated blood come from?
The lungs
Where does oxygenated blood become deoxygenated?
Once it gets through the body
Where does the oxygen go?
To the cells for cellular respiration
How many chambers are there in the heart?
4 - right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle
Which side of the heart is oxygenated blood?
Left side
Which side of the heart is deoxygenated blood?
Right side
What are the sides separated by in the heart?
Sides are separated by a septum
What are valves function?
They prevent the backflow of blood and keep the blood flowing in one direction
What is the function of arteries?
Arteries bring blood AWAY from the heart
What is the function of veins?
Veins bring blood back to the heart
What are coronary arteries?
They supply oxygen to muscle cells of the heart itself
Why is the muscular wall around the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle?
Blood has to get to the body and back as apposed to going to the lungs and back
Why is blood pumped back to the heart?
So the heart can pump it back into the body
Describe where the blood flows when it enters the right atrium
right atrium —> right ventricle —> pulmonary artery —> lungs —-> pulmonary vein —> left atrium —> left ventricle —> aorta —> body cells —> vena cava —> right atrium etc
What are the collecting chambers called in the heart?
Atria (plural)
Atrium (singular)
What are the oxygen levels in arteries and veins?
Arteries - high O₂ (oxygenated)
Veins - low O₂ (deoxygenated)
What do capillaries do?
Enables substances to pass easily between cells and blood
What is the structure of arteries?
They have a small lumin, thick walls, and thick layer of muscle and elastic fibres
How does the structure of an artery help with its function?
Its small lumin and thick muscular wall helps maintain high pressure so the blood can be pushed from the heart around the body
What is the structure of veins?
They have very large lumin, relatively thin walls and often have valves
How does the structure of a vein help with its function?
The thin walls help them handle high volumes + low pressure. They also have valves to prevent the backflow of blood and control the blood flow
What is the structure of capillaries?
They have a very small lumin - space for just one red blood cell and the walls are very thing - a single cell thick
How does the structure of a capillaries help with its function?
The thin walls (a single cell thick) allow CO₂, O₂ and nutrients to diffuse between cells and the blood
