Workers Join Together

Question 1

verb : SPOIL : B2 to spoil or destroy something

harap etmek, yıkmak, mahvetmek

*They were late and the dinner was —-ed.*

*Some politicians say unions are —-ing businesses by asking for higher salaries and better health benefits.*

LOSING : to cause someone to lose all their money or their job

(maddî olarak) mahvetmek, yıkıma sebep olmak, batırmak, iflâs ettirmek

*If the newspapers get hold of this story they’ll — him.*

Answer 1

• ruin

Question 2

noun : AUTHORITY : the authority given to an elected group of people, such as a government, to perform an action or govern a country:

zorunlu

*Supporters of unions point out that these unions help employees get safe working conditions, extra pay for overtime work, and ——d periods of rest for laborers.*

Answer 2

• mandate

Question 3

noun, verb : us spelling of —-

çalışma, iş, emek

—–er noun : us spelling of —–er

işçi, emekçi, çalışan

*Supporters of unions point out that these unions help employees get safe working conditions, extra pay for overtime work, and mandated periods of rest for —–ers.*

Answer 3

• labor

Question 4

noun : a person who is employed in a theatre to move the equipment on the stag

sahne görevlisi

*Recently, ——–s, the people who work behind the scenes in New York theaters, made the news.*

Answer 4

• stagehand

Question 5

noun : a worker or group of workers who protest outside a building to prevent other workers from going inside, especially because they have a disagreement with their employers:

grev yapanlar

*There were —s outside the factory gates.*

*——ers disrupted a season-opening concert featuring the Philadelphia Orchestra with superstar violinist Joshua Bell. *

Answer 5

• picket

Question 6

verb : to criticize someone or something severely:

fırçalamak, sert eleştiri yapmak

*His first novel was well and truly ——–d by the critics.*

*The Wall Street Journal ——–d the stagehands’ union for having a “stranglehold” on the theater, increasing production costs and “inhibiting the evolution of New York theater.”*

Answer 6

• lambaste

Question 7

noun : a position of complete control that prevents something from developing

boğazlamak, aşırı baskı/kontrol; yıldırıcı/boğucu hâkimiyet

*Two major companies have a ——- on the market.*

*The Wall Street Journal lambasted the stagehands’ union for having a “——-“ on the theater, increasing production costs and “inhibiting the evolution of New York theater.”*

Answer 7

• stranglehold

Question 8

adjective: no longer having a position, especially in a college or university, but keeping the title of the position:

eski,

*She became ——- Professor of Linguistics when she retired.*

Answer 8

• emeritus

Question 9

noun : ​B1 a short piece of writing about a particular subject, especially one written by a student

deneme, kompozisyon, fikre dayalı yazı

*He wrote an —– on modern Japanese literature.*

Answer 9

• essay

Question 10

noun : a person whose job involves heavy unskilled work

vasıfsız işçi

*Essays on Labor Relations in Arts and Entertainment, points out that the stagehands aren’t just ordinary ——-s.*

Answer 10

• roustabout

Question 11

verb : to try to make someone agree to something better for you

sıkı/kıyasıya pazarlık etmek

*Do not hesitate to —– over the price.*

*It’s a ——-ing situation and the employer, Carnegie Hall, wants the cooperation of the stagehands in exchange for their work.*

Answer 11

• bargain

Question 12

verb : to agree

anlaşmak, uyuşmak, aynı fikirde olmak

*The new report —–s with previous findings.*

*Zev Eigen, a professor at Northwestern School of Law in Chicago, ——s, adding that unions have always driven a hard bargain, and it’s nothing to be ashamed of.*

Answer 12

• concur

Question 13

verb : DISCUSS : to try to make or change an agreement by discussion

müzakere etmek, konuşarak anlaşmaya varmak, pazarlık etmek

*to ——- with employers about working conditions*

MOVE THROUGH : to successfully move around, through, or past something

başarıyla aşmak/geçmek

*to —— your way around/through a city*

——tor noun : arabulucu

*a peace ——or*

Answer 13

• negotiate

Question 14

verb : WORK : B1 If a person or company employs someone, they pay that person to work for them.

iş vermek, çalıştırmak, işe almak

*They —— her to look after their children.*

USE formal : to use something

kullanmak

*Companies —– clever tactics to persuade us to buy their products.*

Answer 14

• employ

Question 15

noun : a disagreement, especially one that lasts a long time

uyuşmazlık, anlaşmazlık, çatışma

*A man stabbed his neighbour in a —— over noise.*

*These labor ——s aren’t settled by who’s right and who’s wrong*

Answer 15

• dispute