wk 9 terms

Question 1

metacognition

Answer 1

Knowledge about our own thinking processes.

Question 2

KWL

Answer 2

A strategy to guide reading and inquiry: Before—What do I already know? What do I want to know? After—What have I learned?

Question 3

learning strategies

Answer 3

A special kind of procedural knowledge—knowing how to approach learning tasks.

Question 4

Production deficiencies

Answer 4

Failing to activate a learning strategy—a production—when it is appropriate and useful to use the strategy.

Question 5

Schema-driven problem solving

Answer 5

Recognizing a problem as a “disguised” version of an old problem for which one already has a solution.

Question 6

Algorithm

Answer 6

Step-by-step procedure for solving a problem; prescription for solutions.

Question 7

Heuristic

Answer 7

General strategy used in attempting to solve problems.

Question 8

Means-ends analysis

Answer 8

Heuristic in which a goal is divided into subgoals.

Question 9

Working backward strategy

Answer 9

Heuristic in which one starts with the goal and moves backward to solve the problem.

Question 10

Analogical thinking

Answer 10

Heuristic in which one limits the search for solutions to situations that are similar to the one at hand.

Question 11

verbalization

Answer 11

Putting your problem-solving plan and its logic into words.

Question 12

Functional fixedness

Answer 12

Inability to use objects or tools in a new way.

Question 13

Response set

Answer 13

Rigidity; the tendency to respond in the most familiar way.

Question 14

Representativeness heuristic

Answer 14

Judging the likelihood of an event based on how well the events match your prototypes—what you think is representative of the category.

Question 15

Availability heuristic

Answer 15

Judging the likelihood of an event based on what is available in your memory, assuming those easily remembered events are common.

Question 16

Belief perseverance

Answer 16

The tendency to hold on to beliefs, even in the face of contradictory evidence.

Question 17

Confirmation bias

Answer 17

Seeking information that confirms our choices and beliefs, while disconfirming evidence.

Question 18

Argumentation

Answer 18

The process of debating a claim with someone else.

Question 19

critical thinking

Answer 19

reasonable, reflective thinking focused on deciding what to believe or do.

Question 20

Transfer

Answer 20

Influence of previously learned material on new material; the productive (not reproductive) uses of cognitive tools and motivations.