wk 5 & 6 terms

Question 1

joint attention

Answer 1

Occurs when a child and caregiver, or teacher, attend to the same object or event at the same time.

Question 2

child-directed speech

Answer 2

a form of language characterized by short sentences with simple constructions and delivered in higher pitched, more prosodic, and exaggerated tones.

Question 3

expressive vocabulary

Answer 3

words a person can speak.

Question 4

Receptive vocabulary

Answer 4

words a person can understand in spoken or written words.

Question 5

Overregularize

Answer 5

To apply a rule of syntax or grammar in situations where the rule does not apply; e.g., “the bike was broked.”

Question 6

Pragmatics

Answer 6

The rules for when and how to use language to be an effective communicator in a particular culture.

Question 7

Metalinguistic awareness

Answer 7

Understanding about one’s own use of language.

Question 8

Emergent literacy

Answer 8

The skills and knowledge, usually developed in the preschool years, that are the foundation for the development of reading and writing.

Question 9

Heritage language

Answer 9

The language spoken in the student’s home or by members of the family.

Question 10

Cultural deficit model

Answer 10

model that explains the school achievement problems of ethnic minority students by assuming that their culture is inadequate and does not prepare them to succeed in school.

Question 11

Generation 1.5

Answer 11

Children and youth who were not born in Canada but came here with their first-generation parents, typically before adolescence.

Question 12

Socioeconomic status (SES)

Answer 12

Relative standing in the society based on income, power, background, and prestige.

Question 13

Resistance culture

Answer 13

Group values and beliefs about refusing to adopt the behaviours and attitudes of the majority culture

Question 14

Tracking

Answer 14

Assignment to different classes and academic experiences based on achievement.

Question 15

Prejudice

Answer 15

Prejudgment, or irrational generalization about an entire category of people.

Question 16

Stereotype

Answer 16

Schema that organizes knowledge or perceptions of a category.

Question 17

Stereotype threat

Answer 17

The extra emotional and cognitive burden that one’s performance in an academic situation might confirm a stereotype that others hold.

Question 18

Gender Identity

Answer 18

The sense of self as male or female as well as the beliefs one has about gender roles and attributes.

Question 19

Gender Schemas

Answer 19

Organized cognitive structures that include gender-related information that influences how children think and behave.

Question 20

Resilience

Answer 20

The ability to adapt successfully in spite of difficult circumstances and threats to development.