wk 10 terms Flashcards
learning sciences
An interdisciplinary science of learning, based on research in psychology, education, computer science, philosophy, sociology, anthropology, neuroscience, and other fields that study learning.
constructivism
View that emphasizes the active role of the learner in building understanding and making sense of information.
First wave constructivism
A focus on the individual and psychological sources of knowing, as in Piaget’s theory
Radical constructivism
Knowledge is assumed to be the individual’s construction; it cannot be judged right or wrong.
Second wave constructivism
A focus on the social and cultural sources of knowing, as in Vygotsky’s theory.
Constructionism
How public knowledge in disciplines such as science, math, economics, or history is constructed.
Community of practice
Social situation or context in which ideas are judged useful or true
situated learning
The idea that skills and knowledge are tied to the situation in which they were learned and that they are difficult to apply in new settings.
social negotiation
aspect of learning process that relies on collaboration with others and respect for different perspectives.
Multiple representations of content
considering problems using various analogies, examples, and metaphors.
spiral curriculum
bruner’s design for teaching that introduces the fundamental structure of all subjects early in the school years, then revisits the subjects in more and more complex forms over time.
inquiry learning
approach in which the teacher presents a puzzling situation an students solve the problem by gathering data and testing their conclusions.
problem based learning
methods that provide students with realistic problems that don’t necessarily have “right” answers.
cognitive apprenticeship
a relationship in which a less experienced learner acquires knowledge and skills under the guidance of an expert.
reciprocal teaching
designed to help students understand and think deeply about what they read.
cooperative learning
situations in which elaboration, interpretation, explanation, and argumentation are integral to the activity of the group and where learning is supported by other individuals.
reciprocal questioning
students work in pairs or triads to ask and answer questions about lesson materials.
jigsaw classroom
a learning process in which each student is part of a group and each group member is given a part of the material to be learned by the whole group. students become an “expert” on their piece and then teach it to the others in their group.
structured controversy
students work in pairs within their four-person cooperative groups to research a particular controversy.
embodied cognition
theory stating that cognitive processes develop from real-time, goal directed interactions between humans and their environment.
