wk 8 terms

Question 1

phonological loop

Answer 1

part of working memory (the information that you are focusing on at a given moment). A speech- and sound-related system for holding and rehearsing (refreshing) words and sounds in short-term memory (component of memory system that holds information for about 20 seconds) for about 1.5 to 2 seconds.

Question 2

visuospatial sketchpad

Answer 2

part of working memory (the info that you are focusing on at a given moment). A holding system for visual and spatial information.

Question 3

episodic buffer

Answer 3

the process that brings together and integrates information from the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and long-term memory under the supervision of the central executive.

Question 4

cognitive load

Answer 4

the volume of resources necessary to complete a task.

Question 5

extraneous cognitive load

Answer 5

The resources required to process stimuli irrelevant to the task.

*intrinsic cognitive load: the resources required by the task itself, regardless of other stimuli

Question 6

germane cognitive load

Answer 6

deep processing of information related to the task, including the application of prior knowledge to new task or problem.

Question 7

levels of processing theory

Answer 7

theory that recall of information is based on how deeply it is processed

Question 8

chunking

Answer 8

grouping individual bits of data into meaningful larger units

Question 9

declarative knowledge

Answer 9

verbal information; facts; “knowing that” something is the case. knowledge that can be declared through words and symbol systems like braille

Question 10

procedural knowledge

Answer 10

knowledge that is demonstrated when we preform a task; “knowing how.”

Question 11

self-regulartory knowledge

Answer 11

knowing how to manage your learning, or knowing how and when to use your declarative and procedural knowledge

Question 12

implicit memory

Answer 12

knowledge that we are not conscious of recalling, but that influences our behaviour or thought without awareness.

*explicit memory: long-term memories that involve deliberate or conscious recall

Question 13

schema(s)

Answer 13

basic structures for organizing information; concepts

Question 14

script

Answer 14

schema or expected plan for the sequence of steps in a common event like buying groceries or ordering pizza

Question 15

priming

Answer 15

activating a concept in memory or the spread of activation from one concept to another

Question 16

elaboration

Answer 16

adding and extending meaning by connecting new information to existing knowledge.

Question 17

spreading activiation

Answer 17

retrieval of pieces of information based on their relatedness to one another. remembering one bit of information activates (stimulates) recall of associated information.

Question 18

mnemonics

Answer 18

techniques for remembering; the art of memory. systematic procedures for improving memory; when information has little inherent meaning, mnemonic strategies build meaning by connecting what is to be learned with established words or images, like using acronyms.

Question 19

distributed practice

Answer 19

practice in brief periods with rest intervals

Question 20

massed practice

Answer 20

practice for a single extended period