What is the Legacy of the Holocaust? Flashcards
When was Majdanek concentration camp liberated and by who?
- 23rd July 1944
- USSR
When was Auschwitz concentration camp liberated and by who?
- 27th Jan 1945
- USSR
When was Buchenwald concentration camp liberated and by who?
- 11th April 1945
- USA
When was Bergen-Belsen concentration camp liberated and by who?
- 15th April 1945
- UK
When was Dachau concentration camp liberated and by who?
- 29th April 1945
- USA
When was Ravensbrück concentration camp liberated and by who?
- 30th April 1945
- USSR
When was Mauthausen concentration camp liberated and by who?
- 4th May 1945
- USA
What were the death marches? When did they take place? Why did they take place? And what was the approximate number of people at the start of the death march and at the end?
- Summer 1944 - April 1945
- as camps were liberated the Nazis move able bodied prisoners further into Germany
- would start with around 30,000 people and end with around 2,000
What were the people liberate at concentration camps like?
- some camps were deserted others held huge numbers of people
- the people left at the camp were so ill they couldn’t move
What was the number of people liberated from Auschwitz concentration camp?
Auschwitz - c.7,000
What was the number of people liberated from Bergen-Belsen concentration camp?
Bergen-Belsen - c.60,000
What was the number of people liberated from Dachau concentration camp?
Dachau - c.28,000
What was the number of people liberated from Ravensbrück concentration camp?
Ravensbrück - c.2,000
What was the number of people liberated from Mauthausen concentration camp?
Mauthausen - c.66,500
What was the Impact of Liberation on the Liberators in Concentration Camps?
- Leslie Hardman Bergen-Belsen concentration camp - had to deal with shocking sights, repulsive smells, and people in dire conditions
- Sergeant Norman Tulgel Bergen-Belsen concentration camp - paralysed, couldn’t walk, lost feeling in legs for 24hrs due to shock on his nerves from the horrific sights he’d seen
- Bruce Nikols Ohrdruf concentration camp - save evidence of exhuming and burning of large numbers of bodies, numb and very upset upon arrival
- Glen Edward Belcher Dachau concentration camp - too shocked to do anything other than immobilised, prisoners committing suicide, wanted to get it out of sight and mind as quickly as possible, guards there never discussed it
What was the Impact of Liberation on the Liberated in Concentration Camps
- Judy Rosenzweig Bergen-Belsen concentration camp - mixed feelings and lots of questions about themselves and what would happen to them
- Zvi Katz Landsberg concentration camp - wild jubilation, extremely happy to be free’d
- Kitty Hart-Moxon Salzwedel concentration camp - all poured out of camp looking for food, were angry and wanted to destroy
- Eva Lux Braun Salzwedel concentration camp - wanted to see parents, mixed feelings of joy and fear, wanted to be cared for and be relieved of burden of caring for girls (sister and younger friend), freedom relative to a ver great extent
Name some of the Perpetrators of the Holocaust:
- Adolf Eichman
- Herman Göring
- Heinrich Unverhau
- Maurice Papon
Perpetrators of the Holocaust: What did Adolf Eichman do?
- senior SS officer
- before war in charge of trying to get Austrian Jews to leave the country
- led to him becoming increasingly involved in anti-Jewish policy, including decision making process which led to the Holocaust
- from 1942 onwards, EIchman responsible for organising round-up of Jews from across Europe and their deportation to extermination camps
Perpetrators of the Holocaust: What did Herman Göring do?
- one of the most powerful leaders on the Nazi party
- created Gestapo (the Nazi secret police) in 1933 and controlled Germany’s Jews in the 1930s, especially the Jewish property and businesses
- during war, he had a leading role in the decision-making process which lead to the ‘Final Solution’
What was covered in the Nuremberg Trials?
covering war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes on starting a war
What were Nuremberg Trials considered?
Nuremberg Trials were considered a victory
What was new in the Nuremberg Trials?
- use of film as evidence - 12 films
- films documented crimes of Nazis and concentration camps
- trials were filmed
- people were worried films might take over the proceedings so only filmed two hours a day
- filmed to document trials and as propaganda to show trials were fair - the accused given proper defence - validating the fairness of trial to the rest of the world
- court physiologists saw reactions of accused to films of Nazi crime
What were the Punishments of lots of Perpetrators of the hHolocaust?
many walked away without being brought to any justice - some punishments were too mild
Punishments to Perpetrators of the Holocaust: How was Hermann Göring punished for his crimes in the Holocaust?
- sentenced to death
- committed suicide before he was executed
Punishments to Perpetrators of the Holocaust: How was Heinrich Unverhau punished for his crimes in the Holocaust?
claimed he was forced to follow orders or would be killed - not true but courts believed him
Punishments to Perpetrators of the Holocaust: How was Maurice Papon punished for his crimes in the Holocaust?
- sentenced to 10yrs in prison
- escaped to Switzerland during appeal in 1999 but was soon caught and taken back to France
- left prison early under new law releasing elderly prisoners
- died in 2007
