What helped the struggle for equal rights in Britain in the 1960s for the LGBTQIA+ Flashcards
What was Section 28?
- 1988 - 2003 a law was introduced by Margaret Thatcher’s government called Section 28
- the law said it was against the law for teachers to” ‘promote the teaching in any maintained school of the acceptability of homosexuality as a pretended family relationship”
What did Section 28 lead to?
- led to a wide range of protests
What did Section 28 lead to?
- led to a wide range of protests
When was Section 28 repealed?
- in 2003 Section 28 was repealed
- in 2009, David Cameron, then-Leader of the Conservative party, formally apologised for his party’s introduction of the law, stating that it was a mistake and had been offensive to gay people
- Cameron said that equality should be “embedded” in British schools
ow did people justify the creation of Section 28?
- people said Section 28 was needed to protect children and maintain traditional, family morals - Baroness Knight argued this
- AID’s was just starting 1966 - 1967, stereotype that gay men carried it to HIV and passed it to others through sexual intercourse
- Baroness Knight hinted at correlation between pedophiles and gay men
How did Section 28 affect teachers and students?
- teachers were hesitant and worried to talk about homosexuality as the word ‘promote’ was very vague - they weren’t able too support gay students if they wecebeing bullied as it might have been seen as a form of promotion, this isolated gay pupils and created barriers
How did Section 28 affect teachers and students?
- teachers were hesitant and worried to talk about homosexuality as the word ‘promote’ was very vague - they weren’t able too support gay students if they wecebeing bullied as it might have been seen as a form of promotion, this isolated gay pupils and created barriers
How rights of the LGBTI+ community changed: 2400 BCE
Khnumhotep and Niankhkhum are believed to be t he first every recorded same sex couple - progressive
How rights of the LGBTQ+ community changed: 538 - 330 BCE
the Book of Leviticus is written during this period and within the text it Staes the following: Chapter 18, Verses 22 - “If a man lies with a male as with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination; they shall be put to death; their blood is upon them. - regressive
How rights of the LGBTQ+ community changed: 54CE
Nero becomes Emperor of Rome. Nero marries two men, Pythagoras and Sporus. - progressive
How rights of the LGBTQ+ community changed: 654
The Visigothic Kingdom criminalised homosexuality. This was the first European secular law to criminalise homosexuality. - regressive
How rights of the LGBTI+ community changed: 1179
The Third Lateran Council of Rome issues a decree for the exocommunication of homosexuals. - regressive
How rights of the LGBTQ+ community changed: 1533
Henry VIII passed a law making homosexuality in England and Wales illegal and punishable by death. - regressive
How rights of the LGBTQ+ community changed: 1795
Belgium decriminalised homosexuality. - progressive
How rights of the LGBTQ+ community changed: 1861
The Offences against the Persons Act 1861 is amended to remove the death sentence for homosexuality. The penalty became imprisonment from 10yrs to life. - regressive
How rights of the LGBTQ+ community changed: 1895
The Criminal Law Amendment Act made any male homosexual act illegal - whether or not a witness was present - meaning that even acts committed in private could be prosecuted. Often a letter expressing terms of affection between two men was all that was required to bring a prosecution. - regressive
How rights of the LGBTQ+ community changed: 1930s
Between 5000 - 15000 homosexual men were sent to concentration camps in Nazi Germany. 65% of them died. - regressive
How rights of the LGBTQ+ community changed: 1951
Roberta Cowell is the 1st known British trans woman to undergo reassignment surgery and get a new birth certificate. - progressive
How rights of the LGBTQ+ community changed: 1964
The Formation of the North Western Homosexual Law Reform Committee (NWHLRC). This group worked to promote legal and social equality for lesbian, gay, and bisexual people. It is know known as the Campaign for Homosexual Equality. - progressive
How rights of the LGBTQ+ community changed: 1967
The Sexual Offences Act decriminalises sex between two men over 21. However, homosexuality was still widely discriminated against. - progressive
How rights of the LGBTQ+ community changed: 1969
The Stonewall Riots occurred in the USA. This was one of the most significant events in LGBTQIA+ history. Riots by LGBTQIA+ people were sparked after police raided the Stonewall inn, a famous gay bar in NYC. Activist groups formed as a result and the Stonewall Riots are now remembered as one of the most important catalysts for modern LGBTQIA+ movements worldwide. - progressive
How rights of the LGBTQ+ community changed: 1970
The establishment of the London Gay Liberation Front. This freedom movement was formed after seeing the effects if GLF in the US. They sought to take their own actions for LGBTQIA+ rights. - progressive
How rights of the LGBTQ+ community changed: 1972
The GLF host the 1st London Pride event on the anniversary of the Stonewall Riots. Around 2000 people attended. Pride events now see millions of attendees marching to celebrate the LGBTQIA+ around the world. - progressive
How rights of the LGBTQ+ community changed: 2000 - 2010
The news millennium saw huge steps forward for LGBTQIA+ rights. In rehear 2000, the ban on lesbian, gay and bisexual people serving in the army was lifted by the UK Government. In 2002, same sex couples in the UK received equal rights for adoption. Section 28 was repealed in 2003. - progressive
How rights of the LGBTQ+ community changed: 2004
The Gender Recognition Act passed, which allows transgender people to fully and legally identify with their chosen gender, as well as acquire a new birth certificate, and the Civil Partnership Act 2004 allowed same-sex couples to legally enter into binding partnerships, similar to marriage. - progressive
How rights of the LGBTQ+ community changed: 2013
The 1st Trans Pride event happens in Brighton. Around 450 people took part and it was said to be the 1st of its kind in Europe. London’s 1st Trans Pride march occurred in 2019 and saw more than 1,500 attendees. - progressive
How rights of the LGBTQ+ community changed: 2014
The Marriage (same-sex couples) Act comes into effect in England and Wales, making same-sex marriage legal. Scotland followed suit later in the same year.
How rights of the LGBTQ+ community changed: 2019
The World Health Organisation declassifies transgender health issues as a mental illness. Graeme Reid (LGBTQIA+ rights director at Human Rights Watch) said the changes would have a “liberating effect on transgender people worldwide.” - progressive
How rights of the LGBTQ+ community changed: 2020
Same-sex marriage legalised in Norther Ireland. The first marriage ceremony occurred on 11th Feb 2020. - progressive
How rights of the LGBTQ+ community changed: 2021
Although, against the law in the UK, prejudice and discrimination is still present against members of the LGBTQIA+ community and still formalised in some countries. In Iran and Saudi Arabia the death penalty exists for same sex intercourse. - regressive
When and where were the Stonewall Riots
USA, NYC - June 28th 1969 - July 1st 1969
What were the Stonewall Riots?
- Stonewall was a gay bar in NY
- homosexuality illegal at that time
- bar owned by Mafia who payed police to pay blind eye to bar but overcharged on drinks and exploited customers threatening to out them
- Stonewall was seen as a turning point as LGBTQIA+ community took the 1st public stand against oppressive laws towards their community
