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Yr 9 History > How Jews were treated across Europe at the beginning of WW2? (1939-1941)? > Flashcards

How Jews were treated across Europe at the beginning of WW2? (1939-1941)? Flashcards

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1
Q

How Jews were treated across Europe at the beginning of WW2 (1939-1941): When was the Netherlands defeated by the Nazi’s?

A

May 1940

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2
Q

How Jews were treated across Europe at the beginning of WW2 (1939-1941): Jewish Population in the Netherlands:

A

approx. 160,000

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3
Q

How Jews were treated across Europe at the beginning of WW2 (1939-1941): What happened to the Jews in the Netherlands?

A
    • after its surrender, the Netherlands were taken over by the SS
    • Jews were fired from their jobs in the civil service
    • businesses had to register their assets
    • Jewish students were expelled from schools and universities
    • in Jan 1941, several hundred young Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps in Germany
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4
Q

How Jews were treated across Europe at the beginning of WW2 (1939-1941): When was France defeated by the Nazi’s?

A

June 1940

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5
Q

How Jews were treated across Europe at the beginning of WW2 (1939-1941): Jewish Population in France:

A

approx 350,000

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6
Q

How Jews were treated across Europe at the beginning of WW2 (1939-1941): What happened to the Jews in France?

A
  • the German army occupied Northern and Western France
  • in Southern and Eastern France, a (French) gov was set up that collaborated with the Nazis (called the ‘Vichy government’)
  • March 1941 - Jewish property was taken away leaving 1000s homeless
  • in the Autumn, both zones of France passed antisemitic laws, which were applied in France’s colonies in North Africa - Morocco and Algeria
  • Jews were no longer allowed to work as doctors, lawyers, teachers, in industry and trade, in the civil service or the military
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7
Q

How Jews were treated across Europe at the beginning of WW2 (1939-1941): When was Denmark defeated by the Nazi’s?

A

April 1940

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8
Q

How Jews were treated across Europe at the beginning of WW2 (1939-1941): Jewish population in Denmark:

A

7,500

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9
Q

How Jews were treated across Europe at the beginning of WW2 (1939-1941): What happened to the Jews in Denmark?

A
  • the Nazi’s allowed the Danish gov to continue to rule the country, as they saw Danish people as ‘fellow Aryans’
  • the Danes protected the Jewish citizens
  • throughout this period Jewish people in Denmark typically continued to live as they did before German occupation
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10
Q

How Jews were treated across Europe at the beginning of WW2 (1939-1941): When did Romania join the Axis powers?

A

November 1940

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11
Q

How Jews were treated across Europe at the beginning of WW2 (1939-1941): Jewish population in Romania:

A

approx. 600,000

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12
Q

How Jews were treated across Europe at the beginning of WW2 (1939-1941): What happened to the Jews in Romania?

A
  • Sept 1940 - a group of military officers and a fascist movement, the Iron Guard, seized power in Romania and joined the war
  • the gov intro new anti-semitic measures and took away Jewish property
  • some Iron Guard members attacked Jews in the streets, robbing and sometimes killing them
  • Jan 1941 - dozens of Jewish civilians murdered in Bucharest
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13
Q

How Jews were treated across Europe at the beginning of WW2 (1939-1941): Jewish Population in Germany:

A

approx. 243,000

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14
Q

How Jews were treated across Europe at the beginning of WW2 (1939-1941): What happened to Jews in Germany?

A
  • when WW2 started majority of Jews had jobs taken away
  • Jews given a strict curfew and not allowed to enter certain parts of many cities
  • given reduced food rations and were only allowed to buy specific supplies from specific shops at specific times
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15
Q

How Jews were treated across Europe at the beginning of WW2 (1939-1941): When did Hungary join the Axis powers?

A

November 1940

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16
Q

How Jews were treated across Europe at the beginning of WW2 (1939-1941): Jewish population in Hungary:

A

825,000

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17
Q

How Jews were treated across Europe at the beginning of WW2 (1939-1941): What happened to the Jews in Hungary?

A
  • between 1938 - 1941 the gov passed laws against the Jews
  • Jews and non-Jews couldn’t marry, and Jews were excluded from various jobs
  • 1939 - forced-labour service created form male Jews
  • once Hungary joined the Axis powers - labourers sent to help war effort, at least 27,000 subsequently died
18
Q

What did Germany and the Soviet Union do after conquering all of Poland

A

divided it up between them

19
Q

What was Nazi occupied Poland called?

A

the ‘General Government’

20
Q

Why were ghettos were created?

A
  • within the ‘General Government’ there were approx. 2mil Jews
  • Nazis regarded the large number of Polish Jews as a big problem
  • during time of war, the Germans saw Jews as an even bigger threat to their security and so they wanted to control them
  • Nazis also had false belief that Jews spread diseases & should therefore be separated from others
  • to try and deal with what saw as a Jewish ‘problem’ in occupied Poland
  • Heydrich ordered that Jews should be moved to certain areas of towns which would become ghettos
  • differences in what happened to Jews living in ghettos, size of ghettos, and the amount of time the ghettos lasted
  • purposes of ghettos was to temporarily house Jews in one place and to isolate them
  • use Jews for labour and work to help war effort - slave labour and horrible working conditions
21
Q

What were ghettos?

A
  • entire communities were uprooted ands shetls devastated
  • ghettos were sealed off from the rest of the world and the Jewish people inside could not leave or contact people outside
  • later as Nazis invaded and occupied other countries in the E of Europe, 1000s more ghettos created
  • ghettos were considered to be a temporary solution to what Nazis saw as the ‘problem,’
  • at that point, the Nazis wanted to remove the Jews fromEurope but weren’t sure how
22
Q

What was one of the options Nazis were considering to deal with what they saw as the ‘problem’ of Jews?

A
  • moving them to the island of Madagascar

- Madagascar plan was not new; first proposed in 1933

23
Q

Where was the Warsaw ghetto?

A

Poland

24
Q

When was the Warsaw ghetto created?

A

Oct - Nov 1940

25
Q

When was the Warsaw ghetto liquidated?

A

April - May 1943

26
Q

How many Jews lived in the Warsaw ghetto?

A

400,000

27
Q

What happened to Jews in the Warsaw ghetto?

A
  • 70,000+ people died from disease and starvation
  • approx. 300,000 murdered at Treblinka extermination camp in 1942 & 1943\
  • 10,000+ died in ghetto
  • uprising in April - May 1943
  • after uprising 20,00+ deported to labour camps where most of them were murdered in Nov 1943
28
Q

Diary Entry in June 1941 from Mary Berg about Warsaw ghetto

A

“One of the plagues of the ghettos is the beggars, who continue to multiply.”

29
Q

Where is the Riga ghetto?

A

Latvia (1940-1941 Riga occupied by Soviet Union)

30
Q

When was the Riga ghetto occupied?

A

Aug - Oct 1941

31
Q

When was the Riga ghetto liquidated?

A

liquidated Nov 1943

32
Q

What happened to Jews in the Riga ghetto?

A
  • 25,000+ Jews from Riga shot in Nov & Dec 1941 to make room for German Jews
  • most of German, Austrian and Czech Jews shot in 1942
  • survivors sent to Kaiserwald concentration camp in Riga 1943
  • several 1000s of Jews from Riga murdered by concentrations among created, German, Austrian and Czech Jews
33
Q

Where is the Soprano ghetto?

A

Hungary

34
Q

When was the Sopron ghetto created?

A

May 1944

35
Q

When was the Sopron ghetto liquidated?

A

July 1944

36
Q

How many people and who lived in the Sopron ghetto?

A

1800 people lived there - Jews from Sopron and nearby towns

37
Q

What happened to the Jews in the Sopron ghetto?

A

July 1944 - almost everyone deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau, almost all murdered when arrived in Auschwitz

38
Q

Quote from Ludwig Weiler about the Sopron ghetto:

A

“we were four of us in one room in one of these older places…”

39
Q

Why were most ghettos located in Eastern Europe?

A

most ghettos located in Eastern Europe partly because of Nazi racial hierarchy and because there are more Jews in Eastern Europe - most Jews in W Europe didn’t live in ghettos, Jews in E Europe less assimilated into country

40
Q

What were the living condition s of ghettos like?

A
  • living conditions of ghettos crowded and cramped - lots of disease, not enough food or good healthcare
  • lots of forced labour being done - slave labour

Yr 9 History (31 decks)

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