What is memory and types of memory Flashcards
What is memory?
When information is retained in our minds over time, so that we can access the information later.
What are the three stages of memory?
Encoding memory, memory storage, and memory retrieval.
Explain Encoding memory, memory storage, and memory retrieval.
encoding memory: The process of transforming information, to put it into memory.
memory storage: the process of maintaining information in our minds.
memory retrieval: the process of taking our memory out of the memory storage.
State and explain the two ways in which we can retrieve information.
- Memory recall: When we consciously reaches a memory , without having to be reminded of the memory first.
- Memory recognition: If a person is able to retrieve a memory, once their shown the memory again, because it feels familiar to them.
What are the 3 different properties of all memories stores?
coding, capacity, and duration.
explain what each of the following mean:
1. Capacity.
- duration
3.coding
capacity: the size of storage space (how much it can hold).
duration: how long it can keep information.
coding: what format the information is stored in.
What are the 3 main types of coding?
Sensory ( acoustic, and visual).
semantic.
explain what is meant by acoustic and visual coding.
Acoustic: when we store information as sounds.
visual: when we store information as images.
explain what is meant by semantic coding.
storing information by its meaning.
what are the 3 main memory stores?
sensory register, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
describe the coding, capacity and duration of the sensory register.
It stores all upcoming information from the outside world.
coding: uses a sensory code ( visual, and acoustic).
duration: 1-2 seconds.
capacity: very large, however it is affected by the short duration.
describe the coding, capacity and duration of short-term memory.
Information we store for a short period of time, needed for completing an ongoing task.
coding: mainly acoustic (sound).
duration: 18-30 seconds.
capacity: 7 +/- 2 words or chunks.
what is chunking, and how does this relate to the short term memory?
Chunking is when we group individual letters together, into meaningful units.
the capacity of the short-term memory, is 7+/-2 chunks, not necessarily digits.
describe the coding capacity and duration of long-term memory.
store used to retain information for very long periods of time.
coding: semantic coding (meaning).
duration: unlimited.
capacity: very large ( unlimited).
What study wanted to investigate sensory memory?
sperling experiment.
