Wet Lab 5 - Knee And Leg

Question 1

What makes up the distal femur

Answer 1

• medial condyle
• lateral condyle
• medial epicondyle
• lateral epicondyle
• medial supracondylar line
• lateral supracondylar line
• intercondylar fossa/notch
• adductor tubercle
• patellar surface/groove (trochlear surface)

Question 2

What does the medial condyle join?

Answer 2

It joins the medial tibial condyle to form part of the knee joint. Specifically it joins the tibial plateau (articular surface of each tibial condyle)

Question 3

what does the lateral condyle join ?

Answer 3

It joins the lateral tibial condyle to form part of the knee joint. Specifically, it also joins the tibial plateau (articular surface of each tibial condyle)

Question 4

What does the medial epicondyle join?

Answer 4

It joins the tibial/medial collateral ligament. The medial head of gastrocnemius attach to this

Question 5

What attaches to the lateral epicondyle

Answer 5

• popliteus tendon
• fibular/lateral collateral ligament
• lateral head of gastrocnemius

Question 6

what attaches to the medial supracondylar line ?

Answer 6

The medial/intermuscular septum of the thigh

Question 7

What attaches to the lateral supracondylar line

Answer 7

• short head of biceps femoris
• lateral/intermuscular septum of the thigh

Question 8

What attaches on the intercondylar fossa/notch

Answer 8

The cruciate ligaments (ACL and PCL)

Question 9

What inserts onto adductor tubercle ?

Answer 9

The ischial/ex-hamstring part of adductor Magnus

Question 10

What is the patellar surface/groove (trochlear surface) responsible for?

Answer 10

Articulation within the patella

Question 11

What ligaments make up the knee joint

Answer 11

• Tibial collateral ligament
• fibular collateral ligament
• anterior cruciate ligament
• posterior cruciate ligament
• lateral meniscus
• medial meniscus
• oblique popliteal ligament
• arcuate popliteal ligament
• posterior meniscofemoral ligament
• transverse ligament

Question 12

What does the tibial collateral ligament attach to ?

Answer 12

• The medial femoral epicondyle to the medial epicondyle of the tibia
• medial meniscus

Question 13

What action does the tibial collateral ligament resist

Answer 13

Abduction of the knee

Question 14

Where does the fibular collateral ligament attach to the?

Answer 14

The lateral femoral epicondyle to the head of the fibula

Question 15

What action does the fibular collateral ligament resist ?

Answer 15

Adduction of the knee

Question 16

Where does the Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) attach?

Answer 16

• attaches to the back part of the intercondylar area of the femur to the front of the top of the tibia

Question 17

What action does the ACL resist ?

Answer 17

Anterior sliding of the tibia relative to the femur

Question 18

Where does the posterior cruciate ligament attach?

Answer 18

• attaches to the front of the intercondylar area of the femur to the back of the tip of the tibia

Question 19

What action does the PCL resist?

Answer 19

Posterior sliding of the tibia relative to the femur

Question 20

What does the lateral meniscus attach ?

Answer 20

It attaches a tibial spine to another tibial spine

Question 21

What action does the lateral meniscus resist

Answer 21

Rotatory stress at the knee

Question 22

What does the medial meniscus attach ?

Answer 22

It attaches a tibial spine to another tibial spine

Question 23

What action does the medial meniscus resist ?

Answer 23

Rotatory stress at the knee

Question 24

What do the 4 tibial spines comprise of?

Answer 24

The intercondylar eminence

Question 25

Where is the oblique popliteal ligament located ?

Answer 25

It is a capsular ligament at the back of the knee

Question 26

Where does the oblique popliteal ligament attach on to ?

Answer 26

It’s attached to tendon of insertion of semimembranosus (it runs superolaterally to this)

Question 27

What is the function of the oblique popliteal ligament ?

Answer 27

It stabilises the knee

Question 28

What is the arcuate popliteal ligament?

Answer 28

It is y-shaped, from the fibular head and covers the tendon of popliteus

Question 29

Where is the arcuate popliteal ligament located?

Answer 29

It is very deep at the back of the knee

Question 30

What is the function of the arcuate popliteal ligament ?

Answer 30

It stabilises the posterior knee

Question 31

What does the posterior mensicofemoral ligament attach ?

Answer 31

It attaches the menisci to the femur (and the anterior to the ACL)

Question 32

What are the menisci also attached to ?

Answer 32

The fibrous joint capsule, by coronary ligaments

Question 33

What does the transverse ligament attach

Answer 33

It attaches the 2 menisci together at the front of the knee

Question 34

What is the function of the transverse ligament ?

Answer 34

- stops the menisci from separating - stops the menisci from moving forward

Question 35

What are tibiofibualr joints ?

Answer 35

They are a set of articulations that unite the tibia and fibula.

Question 36

The tibia and fibular bones of the leg are connected via 3 junctions. What are they?

Answer 36

- superior (proximal) tibiofibular joint - inferior (distal) tibiofibular joint - interosseuos membrane of the leg (middle tibiofibular joint)

Question 37

Where is the superior/proximal tibiofibular joint located?

Answer 37

Between the superior ends of the tibia and fibula. It is the upper one. It is an entirely seperate joint

Question 38

Where is the inferior/distal tibifibualr joint located?

Answer 38

Between the inferior ends

Question 39

What does the interosseous membrane connect

Answer 39

The shafts of the tibia and fibular

Question 40

What is a bursa (bursae = plural)

Answer 40

It is a fluid-filled sac

Question 41

What is the function of a bursa ?

Answer 41

To reduce wear and tear by preventing damage and pain as they are placed between structures that would rub against each other

Question 42

What is the patella

Answer 42

It is the largest sesamoid bone in what body that sits in front of the knee joint to protect the joint from any damage

Question 43

What are sesamoid bones?

Answer 43

They form within tendons of muscles that compress onto bony parts

Question 44

What are the functions of sesamoid bones ?

Answer 44

- increase the moment arm of the tendon by shifting it away from the joint axis - decrease friction because of their articulation cartilage

Question 45

What is the patella within ?

Answer 45

The tendon of insertion of the quadriceps

Question 46

What are the parts of the patella ?

Answer 46

Apex (pointing inferiorly), medial and lateral borders, base (lies proximally)

Question 47

What articular facet of the patella is larger than?

Answer 47

The lateral is larger than the medial facet

Question 48

What bony parts makes up the tibia?

Answer 48

- medial condyle - lateral condye - intercondylar eminence - tibial tuberosity - articular facet for the fibula - soleal line - medial surface - medial malleolus - distal/fibular notch - trochlear surface (inferior surface) - interosseous

Question 49

What does the medial condyle join ?

Answer 49

Medial femoral condyle

Question 50

What does the lateral condyle join?

Answer 50

Lateral femoral condyle

Question 51

What is the intercondylar eminence

Answer 51

It is the are between the flat surfaces of the tibial condyles - the rough, raised portion in the middle of the tibial plateau

Question 52

What does the intercondylar eminence comprise of?

Answer 52

The four ischial spines

Question 53

What do the 4 ischial spines serve as ?

Answer 53

They serve as attachment for the menisci

Question 54

What muscles insert on the tibial tuberosity?

Answer 54

The quadriceps via the patella and patellar tendon

Question 55

What is Gerry’s tubercle ?

Answer 55

The tubercle on the lateral tibial condyle

Question 56

What attaches to Gerdy’s tubercle ?

Answer 56

The Iliotibial band

Question 57

What is the articular facet for the fibula part of?

Answer 57

The proximal/superior tibiofibular joint

Question 58

What is the Soleal line

Answer 58

A rough line part of. The origin of soleus

Question 59

What is unique about the medial surface.

Answer 59

It is subcutaneous - meaning that nothing attaches to or joins it. It is the anterior border of the tibia

Question 60

What ligament attaches to the medial malleolus?

Answer 60

Deltoid ligament

Question 61

What articulates the distal fibular notch ?

Answer 61

The fibula, forming the distal (lower) tibiofibular joint

Question 62

What joints the trochlear surface (interior surface)?

Answer 62

The trochlea of the talus - the ankle joint

Question 63

What attaches to the interrosseous border/crest

Answer 63

The interrosseous membrane of the leg

Question 64

What bony parts make up the fibula ?

Answer 64

- head of the fibula - neck of fibula - lateral malleolus (with articulation surface medially)

Question 65

What attaches to the head of the fibula

Answer 65

Bicep femoris (both heads as a common tendon of insertion) and the fibular collateral ligament

Question 66

What passes around the neck of the fibula?

Answer 66

The common fibular nerve

Question 67

What ligament attaches to the lateral malleolus (with articular surface medially)?

Answer 67

Lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle. This is a triangular subcutaneous area, making it a surface anatomy landmark.

Question 68

What does the articular surface join?

Answer 68

The lateral side of the trochlea of the talus