Wet Lab 5 - Knee And Leg Flashcards
What makes up the distal femur
- medial condyle
- lateral condyle
- medial epicondyle
- lateral epicondyle
- medial supracondylar line
- lateral supracondylar line
- intercondylar fossa/notch
- adductor tubercle
- patellar surface/groove (trochlear surface)
What does the medial condyle join?
It joins the medial tibial condyle to form part of the knee joint. Specifically it joins the tibial plateau (articular surface of each tibial condyle)
what does the lateral condyle join ?
It joins the lateral tibial condyle to form part of the knee joint. Specifically, it also joins the tibial plateau (articular surface of each tibial condyle)
What does the medial epicondyle join?
It joins the tibial/medial collateral ligament. The medial head of gastrocnemius attach to this
What attaches to the lateral epicondyle
- popliteus tendon
- fibular/lateral collateral ligament
- lateral head of gastrocnemius
what attaches to the medial supracondylar line ?
The medial/intermuscular septum of the thigh
What attaches to the lateral supracondylar line
- short head of biceps femoris
- lateral/intermuscular septum of the thigh
What attaches on the intercondylar fossa/notch
The cruciate ligaments (ACL and PCL)
What inserts onto adductor tubercle ?
The ischial/ex-hamstring part of adductor Magnus
What is the patellar surface/groove (trochlear surface) responsible for?
Articulation within the patella
What ligaments make up the knee joint
- Tibial collateral ligament
- fibular collateral ligament
- anterior cruciate ligament
- posterior cruciate ligament
- lateral meniscus
- medial meniscus
- oblique popliteal ligament
- arcuate popliteal ligament
- posterior meniscofemoral ligament
- transverse ligament
What does the tibial collateral ligament attach to ?
- The medial femoral epicondyle to the medial epicondyle of the tibia
- medial meniscus
What action does the tibial collateral ligament resist
Abduction of the knee
Where does the fibular collateral ligament attach to the?
The lateral femoral epicondyle to the head of the fibula
What action does the fibular collateral ligament resist ?
Adduction of the knee
Where does the Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) attach?
- attaches to the back part of the intercondylar area of the femur to the front of the top of the tibia
What action does the ACL resist ?
Anterior sliding of the tibia relative to the femur
Where does the posterior cruciate ligament attach?
- attaches to the front of the intercondylar area of the femur to the back of the tip of the tibia
What action does the PCL resist?
Posterior sliding of the tibia relative to the femur
What does the lateral meniscus attach ?
It attaches a tibial spine to another tibial spine
What action does the lateral meniscus resist
Rotatory stress at the knee
What does the medial meniscus attach ?
It attaches a tibial spine to another tibial spine
What action does the medial meniscus resist ?
Rotatory stress at the knee
What do the 4 tibial spines comprise of?
The intercondylar eminence
Where is the oblique popliteal ligament located ?
It is a capsular ligament at the back of the knee
Where does the oblique popliteal ligament attach on to ?
It’s attached to tendon of insertion of semimembranosus (it runs superolaterally to this)
What is the function of the oblique popliteal ligament ?
It stabilises the knee
What is the arcuate popliteal ligament?
It is y-shaped, from the fibular head and covers the tendon of popliteus
Where is the arcuate popliteal ligament located?
It is very deep at the back of the knee
What is the function of the arcuate popliteal ligament ?
It stabilises the posterior knee
What does the posterior mensicofemoral ligament attach ?
It attaches the menisci to the femur (and the anterior to the ACL)
What are the menisci also attached to ?
The fibrous joint capsule, by coronary ligaments
What does the transverse ligament attach
It attaches the 2 menisci together at the front of the knee
What is the function of the transverse ligament ?
- stops the menisci from separating
- stops the menisci from moving forward
What are tibiofibualr joints ?
They are a set of articulations that unite the tibia and fibula.
The tibia and fibular bones of the leg are connected via 3 junctions. What are they?
- superior (proximal) tibiofibular joint
- inferior (distal) tibiofibular joint
- interosseuos membrane of the leg (middle tibiofibular joint)
Where is the superior/proximal tibiofibular joint located?
Between the superior ends of the tibia and fibula. It is the upper one. It is an entirely seperate joint
Where is the inferior/distal tibifibualr joint located?
Between the inferior ends
What does the interosseous membrane connect
The shafts of the tibia and fibular
What is a bursa (bursae = plural)
It is a fluid-filled sac
What is the function of a bursa ?
To reduce wear and tear by preventing damage and pain as they are placed between structures that would rub against each other
What is the patella
It is the largest sesamoid bone in what body that sits in front of the knee joint to protect the joint from any damage
What are sesamoid bones?
They form within tendons of muscles that compress onto bony parts
What are the functions of sesamoid bones ?
- increase the moment arm of the tendon by shifting it away from the joint axis
- decrease friction because of their articulation cartilage
What is the patella within ?
The tendon of insertion of the quadriceps
What are the parts of the patella ?
Apex (pointing inferiorly), medial and lateral borders, base (lies proximally)
What articular facet of the patella is larger than?
The lateral is larger than the medial facet
What bony parts makes up the tibia?
- medial condyle
- lateral condye
- intercondylar eminence
- tibial tuberosity
- articular facet for the fibula
- soleal line
- medial surface
- medial malleolus
- distal/fibular notch
- trochlear surface (inferior surface)
- interosseous
What does the medial condyle join ?
Medial femoral condyle
What does the lateral condyle join?
Lateral femoral condyle
What is the intercondylar eminence
It is the are between the flat surfaces of the tibial condyles - the rough, raised portion in the middle of the tibial plateau
What does the intercondylar eminence comprise of?
The four ischial spines
What do the 4 ischial spines serve as ?
They serve as attachment for the menisci
What muscles insert on the tibial tuberosity?
The quadriceps via the patella and patellar tendon
What is Gerry’s tubercle ?
The tubercle on the lateral tibial condyle
What attaches to Gerdy’s tubercle ?
The Iliotibial band
What is the articular facet for the fibula part of?
The proximal/superior tibiofibular joint
What is the Soleal line
A rough line part of. The origin of soleus
What is unique about the medial surface.
It is subcutaneous - meaning that nothing attaches to or joins it. It is the anterior border of the tibia
What ligament attaches to the medial malleolus?
Deltoid ligament
What articulates the distal fibular notch ?
The fibula, forming the distal (lower) tibiofibular joint
What joints the trochlear surface (interior surface)?
The trochlea of the talus - the ankle joint
What attaches to the interrosseous border/crest
The interrosseous membrane of the leg
What bony parts make up the fibula ?
- head of the fibula
- neck of fibula
- lateral malleolus (with articulation surface medially)
What attaches to the head of the fibula
Bicep femoris (both heads as a common tendon of insertion) and the fibular collateral ligament
What passes around the neck of the fibula?
The common fibular nerve
What ligament attaches to the lateral malleolus (with articular surface medially)?
Lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle. This is a triangular subcutaneous area, making it a surface anatomy landmark.
What does the articular surface join?
The lateral side of the trochlea of the talus
