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Functional Antatomy - Sem 1 > Wet Lab 5 - Knee And Leg > Flashcards

Wet Lab 5 - Knee And Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the distal femur

A
  • medial condyle
  • lateral condyle
  • medial epicondyle
  • lateral epicondyle
  • medial supracondylar line
  • lateral supracondylar line
  • intercondylar fossa/notch
  • adductor tubercle
  • patellar surface/groove (trochlear surface)
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2
Q

What does the medial condyle join?

A

It joins the medial tibial condyle to form part of the knee joint. Specifically it joins the tibial plateau (articular surface of each tibial condyle)

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3
Q

what does the lateral condyle join ?

A

It joins the lateral tibial condyle to form part of the knee joint. Specifically, it also joins the tibial plateau (articular surface of each tibial condyle)

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4
Q

What does the medial epicondyle join?

A

It joins the tibial/medial collateral ligament. The medial head of gastrocnemius attach to this

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5
Q

What attaches to the lateral epicondyle

A
  • popliteus tendon
  • fibular/lateral collateral ligament
  • lateral head of gastrocnemius
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6
Q

what attaches to the medial supracondylar line ?

A

The medial/intermuscular septum of the thigh

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7
Q

What attaches to the lateral supracondylar line

A
  • short head of biceps femoris
  • lateral/intermuscular septum of the thigh
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8
Q

What attaches on the intercondylar fossa/notch

A

The cruciate ligaments (ACL and PCL)

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9
Q

What inserts onto adductor tubercle ?

A

The ischial/ex-hamstring part of adductor Magnus

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10
Q

What is the patellar surface/groove (trochlear surface) responsible for?

A

Articulation within the patella

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11
Q

What ligaments make up the knee joint

A
  • Tibial collateral ligament
  • fibular collateral ligament
  • anterior cruciate ligament
  • posterior cruciate ligament
  • lateral meniscus
  • medial meniscus
  • oblique popliteal ligament
  • arcuate popliteal ligament
  • posterior meniscofemoral ligament
  • transverse ligament
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12
Q

What does the tibial collateral ligament attach to ?

A
  • The medial femoral epicondyle to the medial epicondyle of the tibia
  • medial meniscus
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13
Q

What action does the tibial collateral ligament resist

A

Abduction of the knee

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14
Q

Where does the fibular collateral ligament attach to the?

A

The lateral femoral epicondyle to the head of the fibula

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15
Q

What action does the fibular collateral ligament resist ?

A

Adduction of the knee

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16
Q

Where does the Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) attach?

A
  • attaches to the back part of the intercondylar area of the femur to the front of the top of the tibia
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17
Q

What action does the ACL resist ?

A

Anterior sliding of the tibia relative to the femur

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18
Q

Where does the posterior cruciate ligament attach?

A
  • attaches to the front of the intercondylar area of the femur to the back of the tip of the tibia
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19
Q

What action does the PCL resist?

A

Posterior sliding of the tibia relative to the femur

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20
Q

What does the lateral meniscus attach ?

A

It attaches a tibial spine to another tibial spine

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21
Q

What action does the lateral meniscus resist

A

Rotatory stress at the knee

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22
Q

What does the medial meniscus attach ?

A

It attaches a tibial spine to another tibial spine

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23
Q

What action does the medial meniscus resist ?

A

Rotatory stress at the knee

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24
Q

What do the 4 tibial spines comprise of?

A

The intercondylar eminence

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25
Q

Where is the oblique popliteal ligament located ?

A

It is a capsular ligament at the back of the knee

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26
Q

Where does the oblique popliteal ligament attach on to ?

A

It’s attached to tendon of insertion of semimembranosus (it runs superolaterally to this)

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27
Q

What is the function of the oblique popliteal ligament ?

A

It stabilises the knee

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28
Q

What is the arcuate popliteal ligament?

A

It is y-shaped, from the fibular head and covers the tendon of popliteus

29
Q

Where is the arcuate popliteal ligament located?

A

It is very deep at the back of the knee

30
Q

What is the function of the arcuate popliteal ligament ?

A

It stabilises the posterior knee

31
Q

What does the posterior mensicofemoral ligament attach ?

A

It attaches the menisci to the femur (and the anterior to the ACL)

32
Q

What are the menisci also attached to ?

A

The fibrous joint capsule, by coronary ligaments

33
Q

What does the transverse ligament attach

A

It attaches the 2 menisci together at the front of the knee

34
Q

What is the function of the transverse ligament ?

A
  • stops the menisci from separating
  • stops the menisci from moving forward
35
Q

What are tibiofibualr joints ?

A

They are a set of articulations that unite the tibia and fibula.

36
Q

The tibia and fibular bones of the leg are connected via 3 junctions. What are they?

A
  • superior (proximal) tibiofibular joint
  • inferior (distal) tibiofibular joint
  • interosseuos membrane of the leg (middle tibiofibular joint)
37
Q

Where is the superior/proximal tibiofibular joint located?

A

Between the superior ends of the tibia and fibula. It is the upper one. It is an entirely seperate joint

38
Q

Where is the inferior/distal tibifibualr joint located?

A

Between the inferior ends

39
Q

What does the interosseous membrane connect

A

The shafts of the tibia and fibular

40
Q

What is a bursa (bursae = plural)

A

It is a fluid-filled sac

41
Q

What is the function of a bursa ?

A

To reduce wear and tear by preventing damage and pain as they are placed between structures that would rub against each other

42
Q

What is the patella

A

It is the largest sesamoid bone in what body that sits in front of the knee joint to protect the joint from any damage

43
Q

What are sesamoid bones?

A

They form within tendons of muscles that compress onto bony parts

44
Q

What are the functions of sesamoid bones ?

A
  • increase the moment arm of the tendon by shifting it away from the joint axis
  • decrease friction because of their articulation cartilage
45
Q

What is the patella within ?

A

The tendon of insertion of the quadriceps

46
Q

What are the parts of the patella ?

A

Apex (pointing inferiorly), medial and lateral borders, base (lies proximally)

47
Q

What articular facet of the patella is larger than?

A

The lateral is larger than the medial facet

48
Q

What bony parts makes up the tibia?

A
  • medial condyle
  • lateral condye
  • intercondylar eminence
  • tibial tuberosity
  • articular facet for the fibula
  • soleal line
  • medial surface
  • medial malleolus
  • distal/fibular notch
  • trochlear surface (inferior surface)
  • interosseous
49
Q

What does the medial condyle join ?

A

Medial femoral condyle

50
Q

What does the lateral condyle join?

A

Lateral femoral condyle

51
Q

What is the intercondylar eminence

A

It is the are between the flat surfaces of the tibial condyles - the rough, raised portion in the middle of the tibial plateau

52
Q

What does the intercondylar eminence comprise of?

A

The four ischial spines

53
Q

What do the 4 ischial spines serve as ?

A

They serve as attachment for the menisci

54
Q

What muscles insert on the tibial tuberosity?

A

The quadriceps via the patella and patellar tendon

55
Q

What is Gerry’s tubercle ?

A

The tubercle on the lateral tibial condyle

56
Q

What attaches to Gerdy’s tubercle ?

A

The Iliotibial band

57
Q

What is the articular facet for the fibula part of?

A

The proximal/superior tibiofibular joint

58
Q

What is the Soleal line

A

A rough line part of. The origin of soleus

59
Q

What is unique about the medial surface.

A

It is subcutaneous - meaning that nothing attaches to or joins it. It is the anterior border of the tibia

60
Q

What ligament attaches to the medial malleolus?

A

Deltoid ligament

61
Q

What articulates the distal fibular notch ?

A

The fibula, forming the distal (lower) tibiofibular joint

62
Q

What joints the trochlear surface (interior surface)?

A

The trochlea of the talus - the ankle joint

63
Q

What attaches to the interrosseous border/crest

A

The interrosseous membrane of the leg

64
Q

What bony parts make up the fibula ?

A
  • head of the fibula
  • neck of fibula
  • lateral malleolus (with articulation surface medially)
65
Q

What attaches to the head of the fibula

A

Bicep femoris (both heads as a common tendon of insertion) and the fibular collateral ligament

66
Q

What passes around the neck of the fibula?

A

The common fibular nerve

67
Q

What ligament attaches to the lateral malleolus (with articular surface medially)?

A

Lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle. This is a triangular subcutaneous area, making it a surface anatomy landmark.

68
Q

What does the articular surface join?

A

The lateral side of the trochlea of the talus

Functional Antatomy - Sem 1 (30 decks)

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