Week 1 - Intro To FA And Basic Concepts Flashcards
Anterior
Towards the front
Posterior
Towards the back
Superior
Above
Inferior
Below
Medial
Closer to the midline of the body
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body
Proximal
Closer to the axial skeleton
Distal
Away from the axial skeleton
Dorsal
Developmentally behind
Ventral
Developmentally in front
Radial
Towards the thumb/radius bone
Ulnar
Away from the thumb side/radius bone
Plantar
Sole of the foot
Dorsal
Top of the foot
Kinematic movement
The description of movement of the body, or part of the body
Plane
A flat surface
Flexion-extension
It takes places in the SAGITTAL PLANE about a MEDIAL-LATERAL axis
Abduction-adduction
It takes place in the FRONTAL/CORONAL plane about an ANTEROPOSTERIOR AXIS
Medial-lateral rotation
It takes place in the TRANSVERSE plane about a VERTICAL axis
Hip joint movements
Abduction
Adduction
Internal rotation
External rotation
Foot (at the subtalar joint) movements
Inversion
Version
Dorsiflexion of the ankle
Plantar flexion of the ankle
Pronation
Supination
Muscles
Can be fired/stimulated by a motor neuron to try shorten/contract
Key actions of muscles
1- to contract/shorten
2- to move/rotate joints
Types of muscle contraction
1- Concentric contraction (if the muscle contracts and shortens)
2- Isometric/static contraction (if the muscle contracts and the joints don’t move)
3- Eccentric contraction (once a muscle is firing and tries to shorten, but it is being lengthened by another force like gravity)
Nerves
They transmit an electrical signal which for movement, fires muscles
Bony features
Attachments of something, part of a joint or something goes through it
Ligaments
Rope-like structures (made of collagen) that attach bone to another bone across a joint
What do ligaments do?
They restrict, limit and stop movement when they get tight and they guide movement
