Wet Lab 11 - Contents Of Abdominopelvic Cavity

Question 1

What is the esophagus

Answer 1

A muscular tube that transports food down from the throat (pharynx) to the stomach

Question 2

What are the actions of the esophagus

Answer 2

• uses mostly peristalsis and gravity
• secretes mucus

Question 3

What is the cardiac sphincter ?

Answer 3

The upper opening/entrance of the stomach

Question 4

What are actions of the cardiac sphincter?

Answer 4

Can contract to close the opening

Question 5

What are actions of the stomach

Answer 5

• mechanically and chemically digests food
• it is very acidic

Question 6

What is the pyloric sphincter

Answer 6

The exit opening of the stomach

Question 7

What are the actions of the pyloric sphincter ?

Answer 7

• controls the rate at which the stomach contents flow into the small intestine
• stops back flow of these contents into the stomach

Question 8

What is the liver

Answer 8

It is the largest gland of the body

Question 9

What are actions of the liver ?

Answer 9

• filters blood
• helps metabolism
• extracts and stores toxins
• stores glycogen and vitamins
• produces bile

Question 10

Actions of the gall bladder

Answer 10

Stores bile and release it into the duodenum via common bile duct

Question 11

What is the pancreas ?

Answer 11

Gland that produces many hormones and enzymes

Question 12

Actions of the pancreas ?

Answer 12

Empties via pancreatic duct into the duodenum

Question 13

What is the duodenum

Answer 13

It is the first 25 cm of the small intestine. It has many ducts of glands flowing into it and it retroperitoneal

Question 14

What is the jejunum?

Answer 14

Middle part of the small intestine

Question 15

What is the ilieum

Answer 15

The last part of the small intestine and joins the long intestine at the ilieocaecal valve

Question 16

Actions of the ilieum ?

Answer 16

It moves the contents along by peristalsis of its muscular wall

Question 17

What is the small intestine and its function ?

Answer 17

The SI is smaller than the LI in cross-section not length.
- most water and nutrients are absorbed and digested from food in the SI

Question 18

What is the caecum

Answer 18

It is the start of the large intestine (lower end of the ascending colon) and is below the ilieocaecal valve

Question 19

What is the vermiform appendix ?

Answer 19

It is a vestigial organ = organ with no apparent function
- IT HAS NO FUNCTION

Question 20

What are the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colons

Answer 20

• they are the rest of the large intestine
• sigmoid = s-shaped

Question 21

Function of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colons

Answer 21

• mostly reabsorbs water
• forms stool peristaltically (a series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract) moves contents along the tract
• contains bacteria

Question 22

Function of the rectum

Answer 22

Stores and eliminates faeces

Question 23

What is the anus

Answer 23

Smooth-muscle sphincter and skeletal muscle sphincter keep it closed, expect when eliminating faeces

Question 24

What is a sphincter

Answer 24

ring-shaped muscle that relaxes or tightens to open or close a passage or opening in the body

Question 25

What is spleen ?

Answer 25

An organ of lymphatic tissue

Question 26

Function of the spleen ?

Answer 26

Defends the body against invaders and is highly vascular

Question 27

What is the kidney

Answer 27

Retroperitoneal

Question 28

Function of the kidneys

Answer 28

To produce urine

Question 29

Function of the ureters?

Answer 29

Transports urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder