Wet Lab 11 - Contents Of Abdominopelvic Cavity Flashcards
What is the esophagus
A muscular tube that transports food down from the throat (pharynx) to the stomach
What are the actions of the esophagus
- uses mostly peristalsis and gravity
- secretes mucus
What is the cardiac sphincter ?
The upper opening/entrance of the stomach
What are actions of the cardiac sphincter?
Can contract to close the opening
What are actions of the stomach
- mechanically and chemically digests food
- it is very acidic
What is the pyloric sphincter
The exit opening of the stomach
What are the actions of the pyloric sphincter ?
- controls the rate at which the stomach contents flow into the small intestine
- stops back flow of these contents into the stomach
What is the liver
It is the largest gland of the body
What are actions of the liver ?
- filters blood
- helps metabolism
- extracts and stores toxins
- stores glycogen and vitamins
- produces bile
Actions of the gall bladder
Stores bile and release it into the duodenum via common bile duct
What is the pancreas ?
Gland that produces many hormones and enzymes
Actions of the pancreas ?
Empties via pancreatic duct into the duodenum
What is the duodenum
It is the first 25 cm of the small intestine. It has many ducts of glands flowing into it and it retroperitoneal
What is the jejunum?
Middle part of the small intestine
What is the ilieum
The last part of the small intestine and joins the long intestine at the ilieocaecal valve
Actions of the ilieum ?
It moves the contents along by peristalsis of its muscular wall
What is the small intestine and its function ?
The SI is smaller than the LI in cross-section not length.
- most water and nutrients are absorbed and digested from food in the SI
What is the caecum
It is the start of the large intestine (lower end of the ascending colon) and is below the ilieocaecal valve
What is the vermiform appendix ?
It is a vestigial organ = organ with no apparent function
- IT HAS NO FUNCTION
What are the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colons
- they are the rest of the large intestine
- sigmoid = s-shaped
Function of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colons
- mostly reabsorbs water
- forms stool peristaltically (a series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract) moves contents along the tract
- contains bacteria
Function of the rectum
Stores and eliminates faeces
What is the anus
Smooth-muscle sphincter and skeletal muscle sphincter keep it closed, expect when eliminating faeces
What is a sphincter
ring-shaped muscle that relaxes or tightens to open or close a passage or opening in the body
