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Functional Antatomy - Sem 1 > Week 3 - Muscles Of The Pelvic Region > Flashcards

Week 3 - Muscles Of The Pelvic Region Flashcards

1
Q

What does the superficial gluteal region comprise of?

A
  • gluteus Maximus
  • gluteus medius
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2
Q

Origin of the gluteus Maximus

A
  • Sacrotuberous ligament
  • Posterior gluteal line
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3
Q

Insertion of the gluteus Maximus ?

A
  • gluteal tuberosity
  • iliotibial band
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4
Q

Origin of the gluteus medius ?

A
  • anterior gluteal line
  • inferior gluteal line
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5
Q

Insertion of the gluteus medius?

A
  • greater trochanter
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6
Q

What does the deep gluteal region comprise of?

A
  • the cut edges of the gluteus max
  • the cut edges of the gluteus med
  • gluteus minimus
  • the 6 lateral rotators
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7
Q

What are the 6 lateral hip rotators?

A

1- Piriformis
2- Gemellus superior
3- Obturator internus
4- Gemellus inferior
5- Obturator externus
6- Quadratus Femoris

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8
Q

What is the origin of the piriformis

A

Anterior surface of the sacrum, gluteal surface of ilium

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9
Q

What is the insertion of the piriformis ?

A

The apex of the greater trochanter of the femur

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10
Q

What are actions of the piriformis muscle

A

Thigh external rotation, thigh abduction from flexed hip, stabilises head of femur in acetabulum

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11
Q

Origin of the gemellus superior

A

Ischial spine

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12
Q

Insertion of the gemellus superior

A

Medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur (via tendon of obturator internus)

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13
Q

Actions of the gemellus superior

A

Thigh external rotation, thigh abduction (from flexed hip), stabilises head of femur in acetabulum

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14
Q

Origin of obturator internus

A

Posterior surface of the obturator membrane

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15
Q

Insertion of obturator internus

A

Medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

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16
Q

Actions of the obturator internus muscle

A

External rotation of extended thigh, abduction of flexed thigh, stabilisation of hip joint

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17
Q

Origin of gemellus inferior

A

Ischial tuberosity

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18
Q

Insertion of gemellus inferior

A

Medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur, via tendon of obturator internus

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19
Q

Actions of gemellus inferior muscle

A

Thigh external rotation, thigh abduction from flexed hip, stabilises head of femur in acetabulum

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20
Q

Origin of the obturator externus

A

Anterior surface of obturator membrane, bony boundaries of obturator foramen

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21
Q

Insertion of obturator external muscle

A

Trochanteric fossa of femur

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22
Q

Actions of the obturator externus

A

Thigh external rotation, thigh abduction from flexed hip, stabilises head of femur in acetabulum

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23
Q

Origin of quadratus femoris

A

Ischial tuberosity

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24
Q

Insertion of quadratus femoris muscle

A

Intertrochanteric crest of femur

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25
Q

Actions of the quadratus femoris muscle

A

Thigh external rotation, stabilises head of femur in acetabulum

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26
Q

What is the sciatic nerve

A

It is a loose binding of two functional nerves - the common peroneal/fibular nerve and the tibial nerve. It is the largest nerve in the human body

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27
Q

Origin of the sciatic nerve

A

Under the piriformis
- it leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen and enters into the posterior thigh

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28
Q

Application of the sciatic nerve

A

Clinicians are taught to perform buttock injection high rather than lower as they will less likely accidentally jab the sciatic nerve. If a nerve is jabbed with a needle it is more likely to become inflamed or irritated as contraction of the muscle through which it passes rubs/compresses the nerve

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29
Q

Superior and inferior gluteal vessels and nerves

A
  • their names derive from their relation to piriformis
  • they have been removed on most prosecutions
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30
Q

Where does the gluteal nerves arise

A

The lumbosacral region

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31
Q

Where do the gluteal nerves exit

A

They exit the pelvis through the greater sciatic formamen and pass the piriformis muscle
- the superior gluteal nerve passes over the muscle
- the inferior gluteal nerve passes under the muscle
- after leaving the pelvis, they terminated by giving off branches to innervate the gluteal muscles

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32
Q

What is the tensor fascia latae

A

It isa fuse form muscle located in the lateral aspect of the thigh. It belongs to the muscle of the gluteal region along with the gluteus max, med and min muscles

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33
Q

Origin of the TFL

A

Outer lip of the anterior iliac crest, ASIS

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34
Q

Insertion of the TFL

A

Lateral condole of tibia, via the iliotibial tract

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35
Q

Actions of the TFL

A

Thigh internal rotation at the hip joint, weak thigh abduction at the hip joint, leg external rotation at the knee joint, weak leg flexion/extension at the knee joint. It stabilises the hip and knee joints

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36
Q

What is the iliotibial tract (ITB)

A

It is a thickened band of deep fascia that runs down the laterals surface of the thigh. It is formed from the deep fascia of the thigh, the fascia lata and receives the distal aspects of gluteus max and TFL muscles

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37
Q

Origin of ITB

A

Iliac crest, lateral part of the hip joint capsule and the TFL

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38
Q

Insertion of the ITB

A

Tubercle of ITB (Gerdy’s tubercle),

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39
Q

Actions of ITB

A

Lateral stabilisation of hip and knee
- hip flexion, extension, abduction, lateral rotation, medial rotation (through the action of gluteus max and TFL)

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40
Q

What is the ischial tuberosity ?

A

It is a large round protrusion at the inferoposterior aspect for the ischium. It is where the weight of the body is held when seated.

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41
Q

What attaches onto the ischial tuberosity

A

Sacrotuberous ligament, gluteal muscles (inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris), adductor Magnus, posterior thigh muscles (biceps femoris, semitendinosis, semi membranous)

42
Q

What does the ischial tuberoisty help to locate

A

The sciatic nerve - which descends through the pelvis between the ischial tuberosity and the greater trochanter of femur

43
Q

What is the sacrotuberous ligament

A

It is a thick fibrous band that extends from the posterior ilium, lateral sacrum and coccyx to the ischial tuberosity.

44
Q

What is the function of the sacrotuberous ligament

A

Stabilisation of the sacroiliac joint and strengthening the connection between bony pelvis and the vertebral column

45
Q

What is the greater trochanter of the femur

A

It is a prominent, palpable bony projection located on the upper lateral aspect of the proximal femur

46
Q

Functions of the greater trochanter

A

It is an attachment site for muscles that move and stabilise the hip joint
- particularly those muscles that are responsible for abducting and rotating the thigh
- serves as an attachment point for hip ligaments which contribute to the stability and integrity of the hip joint

47
Q

What is the inguinal ligament

A

It is a band of connective tissue that extends from the ASIS of the ilium to the pubic tubercle on the pubic bone

48
Q

Attachment of the inguinal ligament

A
  • ASIS
  • Pubic tubercle
49
Q

Extension of the inguinal ligament

A
  • lacunar ligament
  • pectineal ligament
50
Q

Function of the inguinal ligament

A
  • attach external oblique muscle to the pelvis
  • protect structure passing between the pelvis and thigh/external genitalia
  • forms boundary of femoral triangle and inguinal canal
51
Q

What is the inguinal canal

A

It is a passage in the lower anterior abdominal wall, located just above the inguinal ligament

52
Q

What is the obturator nerve

A

It is one of the largest branches of the lumbar plexus and is a mix of nerves which arise from the anterior rami of spinal nerves L2-L4

53
Q

What is the function of the obturator nerve

A

To provide motor innervation to all the middle muscles of the thigh (hip adductors) expect from the hamstring part of the adductor Magnus

54
Q

Where does the obturator nerve exit through

A

Obturator canal in the pelvic cavity

55
Q

What is the obturator canal formed

A

By the obturator membrane and obturator groove

56
Q

Origin of psoas major muscle

A
  • transverse processes of all the lumbar vertebrae
  • vertebral bodies of T12-L5
57
Q

Insertion of psoas major

A

Lesser trochanter of the femur as iliopsoas tendon

58
Q

Actions of psoas major muscle

A

Flexion of thigh/trunk at hip joint, lateral rotation of the thigh at hip joint, lateral flexion of trunk at the hip joint

59
Q

What is the iliopsoas muscle

A

It is a large compound muscle of the inner hip

60
Q

What is the iliopsoas muscle composed of

A

Iliacus and psoas major muscle

61
Q

What is the extensive origin for the iliopsoas

A

The psoas major portion originates from the 12th thoracic and all 5 lumbar vertebrae and the iliacus portion arises from the iliac fossa of the pelvis. Their fibres merge into a single muscle belly around the pelvis brim

62
Q

Insertion of iliopsoas

A

It ends in a tendon that inserts onto the lesser trochanter of the femur

63
Q

What does the iliopsoas tendons of insertion sometimes form?

A

Grooves on the superior pubic ramus

64
Q

Actions of the iliopsoas muscle

A

It is the main flexor of the hip joint. There is also external rotation of the thigh and flexion of the trunk at the hip joint. And lateral flexion of the trunk (psoas major only). Due to its proximal attachments, the psoas major can also produce additional movements of the lumbar vertebral column

65
Q

What muscle of iliacus and psoas major is medial

A

Psoas major

66
Q

What is the psoas minor

A

It is very tiny and weak so it is functionally significant

67
Q

Do all specimens have a psoas minor?

A

No, it is absent in about half the specimens

68
Q

Does the psoas major have an action on the hip?

A

No, because it doesn’t cross the hip joint as it inserts on the superior pubic ramus.

69
Q

What are the 5 hip adductors

A
  • gracilis
  • adductor longus
  • pettiness
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor magnus
70
Q

How to identify the 5 hip adductors

A
  • from medial to lateral you can see gracilis, adductor longus and then pectineus
  • behind gracilis and adductor log us os adductor Magnus
  • behind adductor longus and pectineus is adductor brevis
71
Q

What is the gracilis muscle ?

A

Gracilis muscle is a long and slender muscle located in the medial (adductor) compartment of the thigh. It is the most superficial hip adductor

72
Q

Origin of the gracilis

A

Anterior body of pubis, inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus

73
Q

Insertion of gracilis ?

A

Medial surface of proximal tibia (via pes anserinus)

74
Q

Actions of the Gracilis

A

Thigh flexion and abduction and the hip joint and leg flexion and internal rotation at the knee joint

75
Q

What is the adductor longus muscle?

A

It is a large, fan-shaped muscle located in the medial aspect of the thigh.

76
Q

What is the primary function of the adductor longus

A

To adduct the thigh at the hip joint

77
Q

Origin of adductor longus muscle

A

Body of pubis, inferior to pubic crest and lateral to the pubic symphysis

78
Q

Insertion of adductor longus

A

Middle third of linea aspera of femur (medial lip)

79
Q

Actions of the adductor longus muscle

A

Hip joint: Thigh flexion, Thigh adduction, Thigh external rotation and Pelvis stabilization

80
Q

What is the pectineus

A

It is a flat muscle found in the superomedial part of the anterior thigh.

81
Q

Origin of pectineus

A

Superior pubic ramus (pectineal line of pubis)

82
Q

Insertion of pectineus

A

Pectineal line of femur, linea aspera of femur

83
Q

Actions of pectineus muscle ?

A

Hip joint: Thigh flexion, thigh adduction, thigh external rotation, thigh internal rotation; pelvis stabilization

84
Q

What is the adductor brevis muscle ?

A

It is a flat, triangular muscle that is found in the inner thigh.

85
Q

Origin of the adductor brevis

A

Anterior body of pubis, inferior pubic ramus

86
Q

Insertion of the adductor brevis

A

Linea aspera of femur (medial lip)

87
Q

Actions of adductor brevis

A

Hip joint: thigh flexion, thigh adduction, thigh external rotation and pelvis stabilization

88
Q

What is the adductor Magnus muscle ?

A

is a large triangular muscle of the lower limb, with its apex situated on the hip bone, and its base on the linea aspera of the femur. It has two seperate muscles - a true adductor part and an ex-hamstring part. The uppermost part is called adductor minimus

89
Q

Origin of adductor Magnus

A

Adductor part: Inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus
Ischiocondylar part: Ischial tuberosity

90
Q

Insertion of the adductor Magnus

A

Adductor part: Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera (medial lip), medial supracondylar line
Ischiocondylar part: Adductor tubercle of femur

91
Q

Actions of the adductor Magnus muscle

A

Adductor part: Hip joint - Thigh flexion, thigh adduction, thigh external rotation
Hamstring part: Hip joint - Thigh extension, thigh internal rotation
Entire muscle: Pelvis stabilization

92
Q

Where is there often another muscle between?

A

Adductor brevis and minimus

93
Q

What is the adductor hiatus ?

A

It is the space between the two parts of adductor Magnus. The femoral vessels pass from the front of the thigh to behind the the knee through this gap.

94
Q

What is the rectus femoris

A

It is one of the four quadriceps muscles. It also acts across the hip

95
Q

Origin of rectus femoris

A

From the pelvis at the AIIS

96
Q

Insertion of the rectus femoris muscle

A

Patella via the quadriceps femoris tendon

97
Q

Actions of the rectus femoris

A

Extends the knee, flexes the hip

98
Q

What is the sartorius

A

It is the longest muscle in the human body. Together with the quadriceps femoris, it belongs to the anterior muscles of the thigh.

99
Q

Origin of the sartorius

A

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

100
Q

Insertion of sartorius

A

Proximal end of tibia below medial condyle (via pes anserinus)

101
Q

Actions of the sartorius

A

Hip joint: thigh flexion, thigh abduction, thigh external rotation
Knee joint: leg flexion, leg internal rotation

Functional Antatomy - Sem 1 (30 decks)

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